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(Sedatives) Berkeley, RobertBiblio.com

An Inquiry into the Modus Operandi of that Class of Medicines Called Sedatives . Submitted as an inaugual Dissertation . to the University of Pennsylvania . for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine

[Berkeley, George]Biblio.com

Alciphron or the Minute Philosopher. in Seven Dialogues. Containing an Apology for the Christian Religion Against Those Who Are Called Free-Thinkers. in Two Volumes

17322329641London: Printed for J. Tonson in the Strand 1732. Second Edition. Full-Leather. Good/No Jacket. Second edition. Neatly rebacked with new gilt titles original boards and endsheets retained. Discolored 2 inch declivity on front board boards rubbed with corners exposed first volume lacks leaf A4 ink owner stamps on front endpapers William Harris Mar 1944 light stain to marginal edges of first gathering in volume two front and end matter lightly foxed rear free endpaper of first volume loosening. 1732 Full-Leather. 356; 351 pp. Alciphron is a Christian apologetic in answer to the 'minute philosophers' of Berkeley's day who sought to minimize the the dignity of man. Berkeley is known as an advocate of subjective idealism which he called immaterialism which states that objects do not exist unless they are perceived. "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge 1710 is the classic exposition of his philosophy of immaterialism as an antidote to infidelity prefaced with an influential essay in the philosophy of language; part two was later lost in manuscript with other papers in Italy." - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Perhaps his most well-known work is Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous in which two characters representing himself and John Locke discuss various philosophical questions. Berkeley was a fellow at Trinity College and in the 1720s turned his attention to the project of opening St. Paul's College in Bermuda though skepticism about the chances of success in this endeavor caused the funding to come into question. "To prevent a threatening decline in private support Berkeley sailed for Newport Rhode Island with a small advance party on 6 September 1728; this included Smibert who painted several well-known portraits of Berkeley and of his party before settling for life in Boston. The journey was hazardous and protracted. They made an unscheduled landfall on the Virginia coast about the turn of the year and were officially received at Williamsburg before reaching Rhode Island on 23 January 1729. By the spring Berkeley had bought a farm of 96 acres at Middletown 'with two fine groves and winding rivulet upon it' Works 8.194 whose produce would support the college. He employed slaves and was apparently indifferent to the institution of slavery provided that it was humane seeing the moral need rather as one of conversion and baptism. He built a new house Whitehall which is now maintained as a historic site although the adjoining farmland has given way to urban development. Berkeley often preached at Newport Rhode Island in the winter and in remoter outposts in the summer. The strongest and longest friendship he established among New England churchmen was with Samuel Johnson 1696 - 1772 of Stratford Connecticut a refugee from Calvinism who later became first president of King's College New York later Columbia University and lent support to Berkeley's philosophy through his Elementa philosophica 1752 and other writings. Throughout his career Berkeley had little time for dissenters although he abhorred the use of violence against them. The religious tolerance characteristic of Rhode Island induced a degree of ecumenicism in his social practice that was not always maintained in the pulpit. Reports of growing infidelity in English society to which he was always liable to give credence were fuelled by the continuing bad faith of the government in failing to lodge the funds he considered legally his. This was a factor in his writing Alciphron a set of dialogues located notionally in England but drawing much of the landscape description from Rhode Island which was to sell well and stimulate controversy after his return. In this theist and immaterialist combine their defences against a medley of intellectual trends derived primarily but not exclusively from Locke Bernard Mandeville and the third earl of Shaftesbury that Berkeley regarded as obstructive to religion. The work includes Berkeley's second foray into moral philosophy." - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Printed for J. Tonson in the Strand hardcover

Yesterday's Muse Books · États-Unis650,00 $US≈ 549,97 €

[Newton, Sir Isaac] Voltaire [Francois-Marie Arouet] / Leibniz / Baker, David Erskine / [Berkeley, George]Biblio.com

The Metaphysics of Sir Isaac Newton : Or A Comparison between the Opinions of Sir Isaac Newton and Mr. Leibnitz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. By M. De Voltaire. Translated from the French by David Erskine Baker / Bound together with a First Edition of George Berkeley's Miscellaneous Tracts which also include "De Motu ; sive de motus principio & natura & de causa communicationis motuum" in which Berkeley rejected Sir Isaac Newton's absolute Space Time and Motion. "With this essay Berkeley is considered to be the "precursor of Mach and Einstein" - Karl Popper.

174731752AB1747. First English Edition. London Printed for R.Dodsley 1747. Octavo. 72 pages. Modern cloth. The bookblock with signs of stitching to the inner margin possibly used to be part of a Sammelband. Last three leaves with paper-restoration and manuscript inscription to last page looks like a 18th century gift-inscription. With numerous manuscript - annotations in the tracts of George Berkeley namely in "A Word to the Wise" "Farther Thoughts on Tar-Water" "The Querist". From the library of Daniel Conner Manch House County Cork. Bound with: "Berkeley George Bishop of Coyne - "A Miscellany Containing Several Tracts on Various Subjects. By the Bishop of Cloyne. London Printed for J. and R. Tonson and S.Draper 1752. VI 267 1 pages. Title-page witme minor paper-restoration. This wonderful collection by the eminent ANglo-Irish Philosopher includes the following Pamphlets / Tracts as called for: 1. Farther Thoughts on Tar-Water 2. An Essay towards preventing the Ruin of Great-Britain 3. A Discourse addressed to Magistrates and Men in Authority. Occasioned by the enormous Licence and Irreligion of the Times. 4. A Word to the Wise - Or an Exhortation to the Roman Catholic Clergy of Ireland This section "A Word to the Wise" includes several interesting annotations: a. an underlining of the sentence: "Seeing you are obnoxious of the Law" with a comment "Oh! infamous" b. annotation: "the catholic clergy cannot be accused even by there greatest enemies of having been influenced by interested motives therefore this hint of his lordship was not of much avail" 5. A Letter to the Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cloyne 6. Maxims concerning Patriotism 7. The Querist - Containing several Queries proposed to the Consideration of the Public 8. Verses on the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America 9. A Proposal for the better supplying of Churches in our Foreign Plantations and for converting the Savage Americans to Christianity by a College to be erected in the Summer Islands otherwise called The Isles of Bermuda 10. A Sermon preached before the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts; at their Anniversary Meeting in the Parish-Church of St.Mary-le-Bow in 1731 11. De Motu ; sive de motus principio & natura & de causa communicationis motuum ______________________________________________________________________________ hardcover

Inanna Rare Books Ltd. · Irlande2 800,00 €

BERKELEY, George - HALIFAX, George Savile, Marquis ofBiblio.com

A Character of King Charles the Second:

1750175832London: for J. and R. Tonson and S. Draper 1750. Presented to and initialled by the Enlightenment thinker George Berkeley First edition presentation copy to the idealist philosopher George Berkeley inscribed by the Countess of Burlington on the initial binder's blank "To the Bishop of Cloyne from his most humble servant D. Burlington" and with Berkeley's ownership initials George Cloyne to the title page. Dorothy Countess of Burlington 1699-1758 was the granddaughter of Halifax a leading statesman of Charles II's time. She owned several manuscripts from Halifax which were edited here for publication by Alexander Pope. She was one of Queen Caroline's Ladies of the Bedchamber a patron of artists including David Garrick and Handel and a portrait painter. Berkeley was first introduced to her husband by Alexander Pope and he became close friends with them. Berkeley wrote to the Countess to thank her for the volume: "Madam Permit me to thank your Ladyship for a present very valuable in it self and much more so on account of the giver who is so good as to remember an humble servant in this remote corner; where to my sorrow I am haunted with a taste for good company and fine arts that I got at Burlington house the worst preparative in the world for a retreat at Cloyne" 2 April 1750. The volume came into the possession of the bookseller and bibliographer John Stephens 1948-2006 and has his bookplate. Stephens identified the letter and sourced a photocopy from Chatsworth House which had the original the photocopy is included as is a letter from Chatsworth sending it. He published an article on the volume and its presentation "Berkeley and Lady Burlington: A Footnote" in Berkeley Newsletter Number 12 1992 pp. 16-17. He quoted the letter and commented: "It is a rather sad letter: he may then have been depressed but worse was to happen. In February 1751 his son William died and the following October his friend Thomas Prior followed. The next year he sailed for England never to return to Ireland. Berkeley shared Burlington's interest in architecture but he had certainly not been in Burlington House since he had last been in London in 1734. It has very much the tone of someone pleasantly surprised that he should be remembered after so long an absence". Octavo 199 x 120 mm pp. 8 183 1. Contemporary mottled calf rebacked with black morocco label later double gilt rule to covers marbled endpapers red speckled edges. Bookplate to front pastedown of British modernist architect Marshall Sisson 1897-1978 alongside his pencilled signature and notes on the book on the front free endpaper verso. Covers a little worn with patches of calf infill superficial split to front inner hinge some light foxing to contents still a very good copy. ESTC T130907. unknown

Peter Harrington · Royaume-Uni1 750,00 £GB≈ 1 998,15 €

BERKELEY, GeorgeBiblio.com

A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowlege sic.

1710171378Dublin: printed by Aaron Rhames for Jeremy Pepyat 1710. A cornerstone of 18th-century philosophy First edition of the author's major work "the classic exposition of Berkeley's philosophy of immaterialism as an antidote to infidelity" ODNB in which he famously puts forward the idea that "no object can exist without a mind to conceive it". Part Two of the work was lost while still in manuscript form. Although Berkeley's works did not initially prompt much reaction they came to have a profound effect on the intellectual life of the later 18th century. The Treatise "set out his idealistic philosophy in detail arguing that the concept of 'material substance' is at once absurd and explanatorily useless. He pointed out that even philosophers who posit the existence of material bodies cannot explain how matter can produce ideas in the mind or how purely mental phenomena like ideas could resemble or correspond to non-mental material substances. Perhaps his most shocking claim in favour of his metaphysics was his oft-repeated contention that his principles were in strict accord with common sense and inimical to skepticism" Grattan-Guinness p. 122. Octavo 205 x 128 mm. Complete with the final blank 2E4. Rebound to style in full panelled calf red morocco spine label raised bands and spine ends ruled and tooled in blind. Ink ownership signature of one Thomas Lloyd on title page and p. i upper margin of the former excised not affecting lettering but shaving the printed rules. Contents browned and occasionally spotted title leaf chipped at lower outer corner a few ink marginal marks crosses lines small tear at upper outer corner of 2B4. Overall a very good copy. Keynes Berkeley 5; Norman 196; Printing and the Mind of Man 176. Ivor Grattan-Guinness Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 2005. hardcover

Peter Harrington · Royaume-Uni35 000,00 £GB≈ 39 963,00 €

BERKELEY, GeorgeBiblio.com

Alciphron: or the Minute Philosopher.

1732170650London: Printed by J. Tonson 1732. The idealist philosopher's most substantial work First edition of Berkeley's defence of traditional Anglicanism against the nascent secularism of the early Enlightenment: a major work of 18th-century Christian apologetics. Alciphron is a critical source for Berkeley's wider philosophy of language. Berkeley 1685-1753 defends the Theist position that the world is dependent on an interventionist God providing religious knowledge through miracles and divine revelation. Enlightenment thinkers increasingly argued that a non-interventionist deity had created the universe to operate autonomously on machine-like principles and laws. In such a scenario the miracles and revelations of an interventionist God were of little use as a source of religious knowledge which was possible only through rational reflection. In challenging these ideas Berkeley collectively represents their chief exponents Locke Mandeville and the third Earl of Shaftesbury as the conceited free thinkers Alciphron and Lysicles. Volume II includes a revised edition of Berkeley's An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision first published in 1709 with a new title page and continuous register. In the Advertisement Berkeley notes that his earlier work is included as an addendum to the fourth dialogue which concerns the function of the senses in deriving knowledge of God. 2 vols octavo 194 x 120 mm. Wood engraving to title pages of both vols. Contemporary panelled calf neatly rebacked and recornered spines ruled and lettered in gilt raised bands edges sprinkled red. 18th-century signature of "William McGuire" to title page of vol. II. Light rubbing cosmetic splits to inner hinges minor browning and foxing to endpapers and edges loss to upper outer corner of title page vol. I small hole in F8 vol. I: a very good copy. Jessop 121a; Keynes 15. hardcover

Peter Harrington · Royaume-Uni1 250,00 £GB≈ 1 427,25 €

BERKELEY, GeorgeBiblio.com

The Analyst; or a discourse addressed to an infidel mathematician. Wherein it is examined whether the object principles and inferences of the modern analysis are more distinctly conceived or more evidently deduced than religious mysteries and points of faith

17346310London: printed for Jacob Tonson 1734. First edition. Rare first edition first issue of Berkeley's renowned critique of Newton and Leibniz's calculus famously described by historian Florian Cajori as "the most spectacular event of the century in the history of British mathematics." Contemporaneously bound with Berkeley's influential Theory of Vision 1733 his Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics 1735 and five additional pamphlets.. BERKELEY'S FOUNDATIONAL CRITIQUE OF THE CALCULUS . First edition of Berkeley's famous attack on the calculus of Newton and Leibniz which the historian Florian Cajori described as "the most spectacular event of the century in the history of British mathematics" History of the Calculus p. 57 bound with Berkeley's important Theory of Vision 1733 and Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics 1735 and five further pamphlets. "The Analyst is a criticism of the calculus in both its Newtonian and Leibnizian formulations arguing that the foundations of the calculus are incoherent and the reasoning employed inconsistent. Berkeley's powerful objections provoked numerous responses and the task of replying to them set the agenda for much of British mathematics in the 1730s and 1740s" Jesseph p. 121. Perhaps the most famous passage in the book p. 59 and a vivid example of Berkeley's wit is his response to the idea that fluxions could be defined using ultimate ratios of vanishing quantities: 'It must indeed be acknowledged that Newton used Fluxions like the Scaffold of a building as things to be laid aside or got rid of as soon as finite Lines were found proportional to them. But then these finite Exponents are found by the help of Fluxions. Whatever therefore is got by such Exponents and Proportions is to be ascribed to Fluxions: which must therefore be previously understood. And what are these Fluxions The Velocities of evanescent Increments And what are these same evanescent Increments They are neither finite Quantities nor Quantities infinitely small nor yet nothing. May we not call them the Ghosts of departed Quantities' Modern historians have argued that the expression 'Ghosts of departed Quantities' was intended to address both Leibnizian infinitesimals and Newtonian fluxions. "Berkeley's attack on the calculus pointed out real deficiencies . his attack was also incisive witty and infuriating. Many mathematicians were moved to try to answer it. In fact several important eighteenth-century discussions of the foundations of the calculus can be traced back to Berkeley's attack. For instance Maclaurin's monumental two-volume A Treatise ofFluxions began as a reply to Berkeley. Berkeley's attack had a more lasting effect than simply stimulating an immediate set of replies; it served to keep the question of foundations alive and under discussion and it pointed to the questions which had to be answered if a successful foundation were to be given. D'Alembert and Lazare Carnot both used some of Berkeley's arguments in their own discussions of foundations and Lagrange took Berkeley's criticisms with the utmost seriousness" Grabiner p. 27. Despite these 18th century attempts calculus was not placed on a secure foundation until around 1820 with the work of Bolzano and Cauchy on the theory of limits. The 'Infidel Mathematician' in the title is thought to be Edmund Halley 1656-1742. "As a result of the publication of The Analyst there appeared within the next seven years some thirty pamphlets and articles which attempted to remedy the situation. The first appeared in 1734 a pamphlet by James Jurin Geometry No Friend to Infidelity . Berkeley answered Jurin in 1735 in A Defence of Freethinking in Mathematics bound in the offered volume and justly asserted that the latter was attempting to defend what he did not understand. In this work Berkeley again appealed to the divergence in Newton's views - as presented in De analysi the Principia and De quadratura - to show a lack of clarity in the ides of moments fluxions and limits . In the meantime however numerous attempts some noteworthy and others insignificant were made to find new and more satisfactory forms and arguments in which to present Newton's method. By far the ablest and most famous of these was made by Colin Maclaurin. In his Treatise of Fluxions in 1744 he aimed not to alter the conceptions invlolved in Newton's fluxions but to demonstrate the validity of his method by rigorous procedures of the ancients - to deduce the new analysis from a few 'unexceptional principles'. Maclaurin professed in the preface of this work that the Analyst controversy had given occasion to his treatise" Boyer. Berkeley's Theory of Vision 1733 also bound into this volume is a follow-up and defence of his earlier Essay towards a New Theory of Vision 1709 in which he had attacked Newton's cosmology. Keynes describes the 1733 as a work "of major importance". "Most mathematicians who dealt with calculus techniques in the early 18th century did not worry overmuch about foundational questions. Indeed it is significant that the first intensive discussion on the foundations of the calculus was not caused by difficulties encountered in working out or applying the new techniques but by the critique of an outsider on the pretence of mathematicians that their science is based on secure foundations and therefore attains truth. The outsider was Bishop George Berkeley 1685-1753 the famous philosopher and the target of his critique is made quite clear in the title of the present work. In sharp but captivating words he exposed the vagueness of infinitely small quantities evanescent increments and their ratios higher-order differentials and higher-order fluxions para. 4: 'Now as our Sense is strained and puzzled with the perception of Objects extremely minute even so the Imagination which Faculty derives from Sense is very much strained and puzzled to frame clear Ideas of the least Particles of time or the least Increments generated therein: and much more so to comprehend the Moments or those Increments of the flowing Quantities in statu nascenti in their very first origin or beginning to exist before they become finite Particles. And it seems still more difficult to conceive the abstracted Velocities of such nascent imperfect Entities. But the Velocities of the Velocities the second third fourth and fifth Velocities &c. exceed if I mistake not all Humane Understanding. The further the Mind analyseth and pursueth these fugitive Ideas the more it is lost and bewildered; the Objects at first fleeting and minute soon vanishing out of sight. Certainly in any Sense a second or third Fluxion seems an obscure Mystery. The incipient Celerity of an incipient Celerity the nascent Augment of a nascent Augment i.e. of a thing which hath no Magnitude: Take it in which light you please the clear Conception of it will if I mistake not be found impossible whether it be so or no I appeal to the trial of every thinking Reader. And if a second Fluxion be inconceivable what are we to think of third fourth fifth Fluxions and so onward without end' "Further on comes the most famous quote from The analyst: 'And what are these Fluxions The Velocities of evanescent Increments And what are these same evanescent IncrementsThey are neither finite Quantities nor Quantities infinitely small nor yet nothing. May we not call them the Ghosts of departed Quantities' para. 35. Berkeley also criticised the logical inconsistency of working with small increments which first are supposed unequal to zero in order to be able to divide by them and finally are considered to be equal to zero in order to get rid of them. "Of course Berkeley knew that the calculus notwithstanding the unclarities of its fundamental concepts led with great success to correct conclusions. He explained this success - which led mathematicians to believe in the certainty of their science - by a compensation of errors implicit in the application of the rules of the calculus. For instance if one determines a tangent one first supposes the characteristic triangle similar to the triangle of ordinate sub-tangent and tangent which involves an error because these triangles are only approximately similar. Subsequently one applies the rules of the calculus to find the ratio dy/dx which again involves an error as the rules are derived by discarding higher-order differentials. These two errors compensate each other and thus the mathematicians arrive 'though not at Science yet at Truth For Science it cannot be called when you proceed blind-fold and arrive at the Truth not knowing how or by what means' para. 22" Grattan-Guinness pp. 88-9. "Aside from calling the rigor and coherence of the Newtonian fluxional calculus into question Berkeley argued that there was no useful distinction between it and the Leibnizian calculus differentialis. This charge had a significant ad hominem effect in the context of Newtonians' claims for the superior rigor of their procedures in comparison with those of the Leibnizian school. After remarking that Newton's method is 'in effect the same with that used in the calculus differentialis' because it requires a 'marvellous sharpness of Discernment to be able to distinguish between evanescent Increments and infinitesimal Differences' Section 17 Berkeley echoes the Newtonian complaints against Leibnizian infinitesimal differences by arguing that the Leibnizians make 'no manner of scruple first to supposed and secondly to reject Quantities infinitely small: with what clearness in the Apprehension and justness in the reasoning any thinking man who is not prejudiced in favour of these things may easily discern' Section 18. The result is that Newtonian criticisms of the Leibnizian calculus are turned against the calculus of fluxions itself and the foundations of the calculus are rendered obscure and burdened with apparent self-contradiction" Jesseph p. 128. "Berkeley's publication of The analyst took up two themes that had long been of concern to him one mathematical and the other theological. Mathematically it continued the reservations about the foundations of the calculus that Berkeley had voiced in an early essay 'Of infinites' that he presented to the Dublin Philosophical Society in 1709 and reprised in arts. 130-132 of the Principles. Theologically The analyst was part of Berkeley's battle against freethinking and his principal argument intends to show that freethinkers who deride revealed religion for its mysteries cannot consistently accept the calculus since it contains suppositions at least as extravagant and incomprehensible as anything in revealed religion. This aspect of his criticism is indicated in the full title of The analyst which characterizes the work as A Discourse addressed to an infidel mathematician; wherein it is examined whether the object principles and inferences of the modern analysis are more distinctly conceived or more evidently deduced than religious mysteries and points of faith and attributes it to 'The Author of The minute philosopher'. "Whether the work was directed at a specific 'infidel mathematician' is somewhat uncertain although there is evidence that Berkeley intended it for Edmond Halley. According to Berkeley's 18th-century biographer Joseph Stock the London physician Samuel Garth had declined the last rites in his final illness on the grounds that 'my friend Dr. Halley who has dealt so much in demonstration has assured me that the doctrines of Christianity are incomprehensible and the religion itself an imposture'. According to Stock Berkeley 'therefore took arms against this redoubtable dealer in demonstration and addressed the Analyst to him with a view of shewing that Mysteries in Faith were unjustly objected to by mathematicians who admitted much greater Mysteries and even falsehoods in Science of which he endeavoured to prove that the doctrine of fluxions furnished an eminent example' Stock pp. 29-30. Whomever The analyst was intended to address immediately its broader audience was unmistakably those mathematicians who regarded the calculus as a rigorous and properly founded method that compared favorably with the mysterious tenets of revealed religion" Jesseph pp. 123-4. "As a result of the publication of The Analyst there appeared within the next seven years some thirty pamphlets and articles which attempted to remedy the situation. The first appeared in 1734 a pamphlet by James Jurin Geometry No Friend to Infidelity . Berkeley answered Jurin in 1735 in A Defence of Freethinking in Mathematics and justly asserted that the latter was attempting to defend what he did not understand. In this work Berkeley again appealed to the divergence in Newton's views - as presented in De analysi the Principia and De quadratura - to show a lack of clarity in the ides of moments fluxions and limits. Jurin's reply in the same year in The Minute Mathematician was again evasively tautological . Berkeley now dropped out of the controversy but the unsatisfactory nature of Jurin's arguments was pointed out by Benjamin Robins in A Discourse Concerning the Nature and certainty of Sir Isaac Newton's Methods of Fluxions and of Prime and Ultimate Ratios 1735 as well as in articles in current journals . numerous attempts some noteworthy and others insignificant were made to find new and more satisfactory forms and arguments in which to present Newton's method. By far the ablest and most famous of these was made by Colin Maclaurin. In his Treatise of Fluxions in 1742 he aimed not to alter the conceptions involved in Newton's fluxions but to demonstrate the validity of his method by rigorous procedures of the ancients - to deduce the new analysis from a few 'unexceptional principles'. Maclaurin professed in the preface of this work that the Analyst controversy had given occasion to his treatise" Boyer p. 228-33. According to Fraser The Works of George Berkeley III 1871 p. 257 the first edition of The Analyst was published in March 1734. Almost all copies including ours have the last two of the three instances of the word 'Science' in Query 36 p. 85 corrected by hand to 'Evidence'. That this is also the case in a presentation copy in the J. M. Keynes Collection King's College Cambridge leaves Keynes notes "no doubt as to Berkeley's intention"; this correction has been made in the version printed in the Works 1784. A second edition was published at Dublin later in the same year Keynes notes that Berkeley did not leave London for Ireland until April and that two of the three errata were corrected in the Dublin edition; it was advertised on 4 June in the Dublin Journal as "just published". The two texts are not identical; e.g. in para. 5 "of a plain an infinitely little plain" in the London text is corrected to "of a plane an infinitely little plane" in the Dublin text this is not noted in the errata to the first edition. Another edition was published at London in 1754. "A NewTheory of Vision 1709 reckoned by Brett's History of Psychology to have been 'the most significant contribution to psychology produced in the eighteenth century' being 'the first instance of clear isolation and purely relevant discussion of a psychological topic'. The main problem examined in this work is the factors that determine our ability to see things at a distance the assumption being that the sense of vision itself is incapable of doing so. Rather seeing distant objects requires the suggestions supplied by other senses especially that of touch as well as such other experiences as visual distortion caused by failure of eye accommodation. We do not 'judge' by means of quasi-optica1 calculation of the distance of objects the traditional account of Berkeley's predecessors; rather we let one group of sensations suggest another in virtue of experience and custom. Moreover from saying that all visual sensations 'seem to be in the eye' Berkeley moves to his basic contention later generalized in his Principles of Human Knowledge 1710 that visual ideas are in our minds. Given his general doctrine that the 'being' of things amounts to their being perceived i.e. being ideas in a mind the ultimate reference is to the divine mind he infers that external space is not basic but is 'only suggested' to us by visual ideas via tactile and other ideas" DSB. "Critics seized upon the inconsistency that Berkeley highlights by portraying objects of touch as outside the mind while objects of vision are within the mind. In at least nine sections of the New Theory Berkeley described tactile properties as if they correspond to real substance. Although these sections were written prior to Principles Berkeley likely understood later in life how these passages undermined the essence of immaterialism. Such incongruities came to haunt him in 1732 when he republished New Theory as an appendix to a theological work called Alciphron. Later that year an abrasive critique of the republished thesis appeared as an anonymous letter in a prominent newspaper the Daily Post-Boy. After reading the critique Berkeley decided to write a supplement to New Theory of Vision clarifying why it was consistent with the philosophy articulated in Principles and Three Dialogues. His rebuttal was published the following year and was titled An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision Vindicated and Explained. This 71-paragraph essay skirts the thorny issues of immaterialism by conceding that materialists and immaterialists cannot have an honest conversation about vision to begin with. Berkeley reaffirms the consistency of ideas as reality in New Theory by rejecting matter exists outside the mind but did so without proposing any new metaphysical argument" Margo & Harman p. 230. The five other pamphlets bound in this volume are: BERKELEY George. Siris: a chain of philosophical reflexions and inquiries concerning the virtues of tar water and divers other subjects. . A new edition with additions and emendations. London printed for W. Innys C. Hitch C. Davis 1744. PRIOR Thomas and George BERKELEY. An authentic narrative of the success of tar- water: In curing a great number and variety of distempers with remarks. And occasional papers relative to the subject. To which are subjoined two Letters from the author of Siris. Dublin printed by Margt. Rhames for R. Gunne 1746. BERKELEY George. A discourse addressed to magistrates and men in authority: occasioned by the enormous license and irreligion of the times. London J. Roberts 1738. LYTTELTON George Baron. The court secret: a melancholy truth. Now first translated from the original Arabic. By an adept in the oriental tongues. London T. Brown 1742. CAREY Henry. A learned dissertation on dumpling: its dignity antiquity and excellence. With a word upon pudding. And many other useful discoveries of great benefit to the publick. . To which are added A poetical receipt to make an oatmeal pudding by the late Mr. John Dryden. The art of making hasty pudding by the late Dr. William King. Apple-pye. A poem by Mr. Welsted. And an essay on good eating by an eminent hand. The sixth edition. London T. Read 1744. Analyst: Barchas 167; ESTC T21863; Richard Green 31; Stanitz 52A; Honeyman 287; Keynes 32. Theory of Vision: Keynes 4. Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics: Keynes 36. Keynes Bibliography of George Berkeley 138a; Richard Green 31; Sotheran I 347; Stanitz 52A; Wallis 245.42. Boyer The History of the Calculus and its Conceptual Development 1949; Cajori A History of the Conceptions of Limits and Fluxions 1919; Grattan-Guinness From the Calculus to Set Theory 1630-1910 1980; Grabiner The Origins of Cauchy's Rigorous Calculus 1981; Jesseph 'George Berkeley The Analyst 1734' pp. 121-30 in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 Grattan-Guinness ed. 2005; Margo & Harman 'George Berkeley and the New Theory of Vision' Historia Ophthalmologica Internationbalis 2 2019 pp. 227-231. Stock An Account of the Life of George Berkeley 1776. Eight works in one volume 200 x 125 mm. Theory of Vision: pp .64; Analyst: pp. x 3-94 2 errata; Defence of Freethinking: pp. 71 1 blank; Siris: pp. 174 2 table of contents; Authentic Narrative: pp. 4 248 2 corrigenda et addenda; A Discourse: pp. 32; Court Secret: pp. 24; Learned Dissertation: pp ii ii 3-33 1 blank. Eighteenth-century quarter calf marbled boards spine and sides lightly rubbed hinges cracked but holding firmly some wear at extremities. printed for Jacob Tonson unknown

SOPHIA RARE BOOKS · Danemark48 500,00 $US≈ 41 035,85 €