Théorie

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EAGLE, Mary KO, editor K OBiblio.com

THE CONGRESS OF WOMEN . WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION

GERHARDT, CHARLES - THE THEORY OF TYPES AND RADICALSBiblio.com

Recherches sur les Acides organiques Anhydres. Presentées à l'Academie des Sciences les 17 mai et 14 juin 1852.

185343123Paris Victor Masson Imprimerie de Bachelier 1853. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf raised bands gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Slightly rubbed. A small weakness to upper part of fronthinge. Small stamps on verso of titlepage and on verso of plates. In "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 3me Series - Tome XXXVII. 512 pp. and 3 plates. The entire volume offered. Gerhardt's paper: pp. 285-342. Light scattered brownspots. First printing of an importent paper in which Gerhardt introduced the concept of "type" in organic chemistry in order to understand all substitution reactions."Gerhardt adopted Laurent's nucleus or unitary theory and combined it with the theory of types and radicals. In 1852 he discovered the anhydrides of organic acids and explained their structure by an extension of the water type of Williamson. He further proposed that all organic compounds could be related to one of four inorganic types: water hydrogen hydrogen chloride and ammonia. These types could be used to explain most organic reactions as double decompositions. Since Gerhard felt that the formula of organic compounds never ecpressed the actual structure of the molecule but only its reactions he was satisfied with this theory and carried it no farther. However it was a great advance in systematization and helped to bring order into the confused field of organic reactions."Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900" p. 351."Gerhardt will occupy a permanent position in the history of Chemistry for his services to organic classification for his concept of homology for his preparation of acid anhydrides and for his reform of equivalents."DSB V p. 374.The volume contains further importent papers Marcelin Berthelot "Sur la Bichlorhydrate D'Essence de Térébenthine" pp. 223-230 by Arago Edmond Becquerel etc.etc. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark2 000,00 DKK≈ 268,60 €

LAURENT, AUGUSTE - THE NUCLEUS THEORY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDSBiblio.com

Analyse du Spodumène de l'Arriège et de la Wichtyne. Sur de nouveaux Chlorures et Bromures d'Hydrogéne carboné. Sur la Nitronaphtalase la Nitronaphtalèse et la Naphtalase. Sur le Benzoyle et la Benzimide.

183549330Paris Crochard 1835. Contemp. hcloth. Gilt lettering to spine. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." 2e Series tome 59. 4462 pp. Entire volume offered. Some scattered brownspots. Laurent's papers: pp. 107-111 196-220376-397 a. 397-422. First printing of these importent papers in the history of organic chemistry explaining the differences to Dumas' law of substitutions and introducing a "new type" and what he calls "fundamental and derived radicals". The introduction of the "Nucleus Theory" was the basis for the unitary theory formulated by Gerhardt."While studying the reactions of naphthalene and its compounds with the halogens and nitric acid Laurent was from the start characteristically concerned with the construction of an explanatory theory that would account for these phenomena. Like most creative scientists he generalized his solution to a specific problem through the imaginative use of analogy leading to the elaboration of the first comprehensive theory adequate for dealing with the whole domain of contemporaneous organic chemistry." DSB."A founder of modern organic chemistry Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century. He considered the behavior of matter to be a manifestation of its intimate internal structure which one cannot determine with certainty but which one has to investigate if one wants to understand. Laurent’s preoccupation was to construct a method that could guide the chemist forward along this path from facts to their causes. He was the first chemist to intimately associate crystallo-graphic data and chemical studies. Louis Pasteur and Charles Friedel later followed the way."DSB. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark2 000,00 DKK≈ 268,60 €

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