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A LAPIDE Cornelius S.J. [= VAN DEN STEEN Cornelis]Livre Rare Book

Commentarius in Ecclesiasten, Canticum Canticorum, et Librum Sapientiae

A MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF FROM A BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN, WITH A MINIATURE OF THE ENTOMBMENTBiblio.com

TEXT FROM COMPLINE FROM THE HOURS OF THE PASSION

ST19540bSouthern Netherlands Bruges third quarter of 15th century. Matted leaf: 150 x 150 mm. 5 7/8 x 4 3/8". Frame: 307 x 258 mm. 12 x 10 1/4". Single column with four lines below the miniature and the obverse with 17 lines in a batarde hand. Attractively matted and framed the leaf slightly shifted in the mat revealing top and side edges but in no danger of damage. Rubrics in red four one-line initials and three three-line initials all but one in burnished gold on blue and red ground with white tracery the initial beneath the miniature painted pink on a burnished gold ground and filled with painted ivy vines AN ARCH-TOPPED LARGE MINIATURE DEPICTING THE ENTOMBMENT the body of Christ surrounded by seven other people depicted in an outdoor setting with the turrets of a walled city in the background the miniature in a double frame of gold and pink surrounded by A FULL BORDER composed of hairline vines acanthus colorful flowers and gilt bezants and inhabited by a small bird. Minor soiling and a faint thumb print to borders but IN VERY FINE CONDITION THE MINIATURE BEAUTIFULLY PRESERVED. This is a beautifully rendered and deeply touching scene depicting the entombment of the crucified Christ and the pathos experienced by those at his side. Holding the sheet on which the body is lowered into the sarcophagus are on the far left the richly clothed Joseph of Arimathea and on the far right Nicodemus who dons an especially lovely yellow garment with delicate embroidery. Between the two men in the foreground but behind the body are the Virgin Mary who presses the hand of her deceased son to her lips; John the Evangelist whose body is turned toward the Virgin in a gesture of support but whose gaze is focused on the Savior; and Mary Magdalene who holds a small ointment jar. Two other women with halos stand closely behind them consoling one another. The artist has done a masterful job at creating a composition that captures the emotional gravity of the scene: Christ's body gently cradled in a white sheet is on full display with blood still trickling from the wounds on his head and side. Despite there being seven people crowded around him our attention is drawn to the action between Christ and the Virgin who gently grasps his hand with motherly affection and bids him a final farewell. Flickers of different emotions appear on the faces of his followers including pity sorrow stoicism and disbelief--echoing perhaps the viewer's own range of feelings upon viewing this image. The level of detail excellence of composition care seen in the molded bodies and faces and the convincing setting suggest that the artist was quite practiced and that the original manuscript from which the leaf comes was of very high quality. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis8 840,00 $US≈ 7 479,52 €

A MEDIEVAL VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF FROM A BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN AND FRENCH, WITH A LARGE MINIATURE OF THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE SHBiblio.com

TEXT FROM TERCE

1500ST20810PParis ca. 1500. 165 x 117 mm. 6 1/2 x 4 5/8". Single column 18 lines in a gothic book hand. Rubrics in red line fillers in blue and pink with gold bezant five one-line initials in burnished gold on pink and blue ground one two-line initial in blue on gold ground with a flower in the center one three-line initial in blue filled with ivy on gold ground recto with panel border of colorful flowers vase and acanthus verso with A LARGE ARCH-TOPPED MINIATURE OF THE ANNUNCIATION TO THE SHEPHERDS surrounded by A FULL BORDER of acanthus flowers and two birds all on a painted gold ground. Slight soiling to vellum but a very well-preserved leaf in fine condition. From what was surely a costly Book of Hours this leaf features a charming and skillfully painted miniature of the Annunciation to the Shepherds attributable to the workshop of Jean Pichore fl. ca. 1502-20 a major figure among illuminators of the period and one of the most sought-after artists in France at the turn of the 16th century. Depicting the traditional subject associated with the hour of Terce our miniature portrays as usual an angel appearing to shepherds tending their flock bringing news of the birth of Christ. Although the biblical narrative suggests that the shepherds were startled by the angel's appearance the three figures in this miniature appear remarkably unmoved--in fact only one of them seems to take any notice at all. The first shepherd sits on the ground looking straight ahead; the second holds his hands in prayer but looks little more than well prayerful at the angel in the sky; and a third figure maintains a slightly aloof expression taking no particular interest in the unfolding miraculous event. What may seem to be indifference can be explained easily enough by the artist's successful portrayal of nighttime cold! All three shepherds are thickly dressed one with his arms pressed tightly against his chest another with a hood partly covering his face and the sheep are tightly huddled together into one woolly white cluster. Another manifestation of the artist's success here is seen in the particularly well done molding of the faces with subtle shading attractively rendered features and clear individuation. Moreover although the shepherds seem essentially unmoved their garments are dusted with a glistening gold radiance from above a further subtle touch revealing a high level of achievement on the part of the painter. Finally the borders are one last source of delight with a small bird shown in mid-flight and a second one investigating a single strawberry that seems to have been placed there just for him. All of these indications of sophistication suggest that the original manuscript must have been commissioned by a patron able to pay a premium for the work of a highly skilled atelier. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis5 720,00 $US≈ 4 839,69 €

A MEDIEVAL VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF FROM A BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN, WITH A LARGE MINIATURE OF THE CORONATION OF THE VIRGINBiblio.com

TEXT FROM COMPLINE

1500ST20810RParis ca. 1500. 163 x 115 mm. 6 1/2 x 4 1/2". Single column 18 lines in a gothic book hand. Rubrics in red line fillers in blue and pink with gold bezant six one-line initials in burnished gold on pink and blue ground two two-line initials in blue on gold ground with a flower in the center one three-line initial in blue filled with ivy on gold ground verso with panel border of colorful flowers and acanthus recto with A LARGE ARCH-TOPPED MINIATURE OF THE CORONATION OF THE VIRGIN with an "L" shaped frame of burnished gold and painted flowers and A FULL BORDER of acanthus flowers a man playing a bagpipe and a hybrid creature wearing a hat all on a painted gold ground. Very minor wrinkling to vellum but the leaf IN LOVELY CONDITION with the gold everywhere gleaming brightly. From a luxuriously appointed Book of Hours this leaf features a handsome miniature of the Coronation of the Virgin attributed to the workshop of Jean Pichore fl. ca. 1502-20 a major figure among illuminators of the period and one of the most sought-after artists in France at the turn of the 16th century. Executed with imagination and delicacy the miniature features the traditional subject associated with the hour of Compline showing the Virgin being crowned Queen of Heaven following her Death and Assumption. The composition here is quite intimate with the Virgin kneeling before her son as she accepts with humility the crown he lays upon her head. Christ is depicted barefoot and slightly bowed toward his mother in a gentle display of respect. The artist creates a wonderful backdrop for this scene composed entirely of seraphim painted gold blue light pink and green closely packed together. Two of the seraphim hold up light pink draperies behind the central figures as if to shield this tender moment from prying eyes. The borders here are a source of delight featuring a figure wearing a jester-like cap and playing the bagpipe as well as a creature with the body of a bird and the face of a human donning a rather fashionable bycocket cap. The illumination here is of high quality features a liberal use of gold and contains unique marginal details suggesting that the original manuscript must have been a costly commission for a wealthy patron. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis6 240,00 $US≈ 5 279,66 €

A MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM MANUSCRIPT BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN, WITH FOUR VERY FINE MINIATURESBiblio.com

USE OF ANGERS

1470ST20836Western France Angers ca. 1470. 122 x 88 mm. 4 3/4 x 3 1/2". Single column 15 lines in a neat bâtarde hand. 152 leaves first and last three are ruled blank leaves; leaf count does not include the first blank endleaf erroneously included in the modern pencil foliation. COMPLETE. Contents: early ownership inscriptions f. 2v Calendar f. 5r Hours of the Virgin f. 17r Extract from the Gospel of John f. 55v Obsecro Te f. 57r Penitential Psalms and Litany f. 61r Office of the Dead f. 78r series of devotional prayers in Latin to the Virgin Mary Christ and the Archangel Michael f. 115r O Intemerata f. 134v series of devotional prayers in Latin f. 138r ruled blank leaves with family records of Jacques Bille f. 150v. Pleasing early 19th century caramel colored straight-grain morocco covers bordered with a double gilt rule smooth spine gilt in compartments divided with a double gilt rule and dotted roll and cross centerpieces neat early repair to head of spine turn-ins gilt marbled endpapers all edges gilt. Housed in a 20th century felt-lined slipcase with a gilt monogram on front. Ruled in red rubricated in red and blue two one-line burnished gold initials on a blue or pink ground one three-line blue and red penwork initial eight three- to four-line initials in pink and blue filled with ivy leaves on a burnished gold ground these pages with three-quarter borders of acanthus leaves dense rinceaux colorful fruit and flowers gold ivy leaves and bezants and WITH FOUR ARCH-TOPPED MINIATURES above a three- or four-line initial painted blue or pink on gold ground each surrounded by a full border of painted gold and brightly colored acanthus leaves vines and flowers studded with burnished gold bezants three borders inhabited with fantastical creatures the subjects of the miniatures including the Annunciation f. 17r; King David in Prayer f. 61r; a funeral procession f. 78r; and the Pietà f. 115r. Verso of first leaf with signature of Jacques Bille or Billes and the following page with a note in a different contemporary hand with the day and year erased and written over: "Ces presentes heures sont a iaques bille qui les trouvera si les luy Rende et il paiera voluntriers le VIII le jour de la sainct martin. Tesmoion son seign manuel cy mis le huytiesme jour de Avril L'an mil cinqcens et seze" "These present hours belong to Jaques Bille; whoever finds them should return them to him and he will gladly pay on the eighth the day of Saint Martin. Witness his manual signature placed here on the eighth day of April in the year one thousand five hundred and sixteen" followed by Bille's signature; third blank leaf with the ownership inscription "Tussanus Philippus Adeline Presbyter anno 1763"; verso of final text leaf and next three blanks with family records see below. Superficial crease to spine other insignificant signs of use to the leather but the binding sound and attractive. A hint of thumbing at lower corners of first half of the manuscript miniatures with a few isolated minor spots of rubbing not affecting faces otherwise in very fine condition internally the paint bright and fresh and the vellum clean. Almost certainly made in western France and with early ownership inscriptions tying it to that area this Book of Hours contains four extraordinarily high-quality miniatures by an accomplished artist very likely related to one of the greatest French manuscript illuminators of the period. Stylistic markers here include drapery with crisp folds figures with pale skin and high foreheads simple but perfectly executed scenery and a flair for detail. The latter talent is particularly evident on the various textiles and garments which include almost impossibly fine gold trimmings and sophisticated draping. It was in fact on the basis of the extraordinary drapery that the manuscript had previously been associated with the circle of Jean Fouquet called by Avril and Reynaud "the greatest French painter and illuminator of the 15th century." In a case of twin summits recent scholarship suggests an alternative attribution to the similarly illustrious circle of Maître de Jouvenel des Ursins a contemporary of Fouquet who according to Avril and Reynaud was "the most important illuminator of the mid 15th century in western France." Around him sprung up a group of artists collectively referred to as the "Jouvenel group" who were based primarily in the area between Tours Nantes and Angers. The illuminations in the present work are so skillful that with additional research it may be possible to pin down an attribution with more certainty; whatever the identity of the artists the level of finishing in these illuminations--from the careful molding of the faces and bodies to the expertly balanced compositions and elegant brushwork--are the hallmarks of a superior hand. When this item was sold at Sotheby's on 13 July 1977 the auction catalogue said that the miniatures "are painted with fine clear colours with great delicacy in the modelling of faces and costumes. The finest miniature is that of the Pietà set against a deep green hill with a fiery sun setting behind dark mountains and buildings and lighting up the evening sky." Indeed this image is a quiet masterpiece of illumination and an excellent example of this artist's work. The naked figure of Christ exhibits a real command of anatomy and proportion while subtle details such as the foreshortening to Christ's face and the whisper-thin cloth clinging to the lower body are done with an exquisite touch. The miniature of the funeral procession also stands out for its superior quality. The composition is quite different from the Pietà being a large group of people rather than an intimate portrait of two figures but it is approached with equal rigor and devotion to detail. The faces turning toward the viewer all show impressive individualization with the figure dressed in blue being particularly well formed and highly differentiated from the crowd--so much so that this could possibly be considered a patron portrait. Three of the miniatures in this work contain borders with delightful examples of marginalia including a court jester a hedgehog a male and female centaur wielding weapons a monkey riding a camel another monkey rubbing his posterior and other whimsical hybrid creatures. These stand out because they are rendered with the characteristic skill and attention to detail found in the larger miniatures so it is possible that they could also be the work of the miniature artist. Although the Calendar in this manuscript is fairly sparse at least two unusual entries in red point toward western France: St. Julian Bishop of Le Mans 27 January; and St. Maurilius patron saint of Angers 13 September. Significantly the Translation of St. Maurilius also appears on both 16 August and 19 of October in black. Strengthening this association with the west are the early ownership inscriptions tying to the Bille family from at least the early 16th century and possibly before. The final three leaves contain family records that include the date of Jacques Bille's wedding 8 April 1516 and the births of 15 children written in two or three hands between approximately 1520 and 1549. The name of our former owner was difficult to trace with certainty but we find mention of a Jacques Bille in the French National Archives where he is listed as a notary in Bourg in southwestern France. This would make sense given Bille's complex signatures found on the first two leaves--the extra flourishes may well reflect notarial signatures that he used in his work. In modern times our manuscript was sold at Sotheby's on 25 February 1946 lot 57 to Maggs who may well have sold it to Sven Ericcson who is listed as the owner of this and four other 15th century illuminated Books of Hours when it was sold at Sotheby's in 1977 for £3200. According to RBH it was purchased at that auction by "Malle" almost certainly Bernard Malle 1929-2008 brother of filmmaker Louis Malle and an eminent collector and bibliographer. In an elegant tribute to his late friend and mentor Bernard Clavreuil calls Malle "one of the most discerning . . . collectors of the postwar era" someone who "never ceased to refine and improve in order to achieve an impossible perfection." Malle also acted as a private advisor to more than one major collection and it is possible that he purchased the present manuscript on behalf of an unknown collector rather than his own library. These former owners clearly looked after this Book of Hours carefully over the years and for good reason: it is a work of considerable craftsmanship and beauty with illuminations distinguished by very substantial artistic skill. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis88 400,00 $US≈ 74 795,24 €

A MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM MANUSCRIPT BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN AND FRENCH, WITH A TOTAL OF 13 LARGE AND SMALL MINIATURESBiblio.com

USE OF PARIS

ST20295Northern France probably Paris third quarter of 15th century. 130 x 100 mm. 5 1/8 x 3 7/8". Single column 15 lines in an elegant gothic book hand. 280 leaves. First four leaves misbound lacking at least seven leaves five of which probably contained miniatures. Contents: Devotion to the Passion f. 1r; blank f. 4; Calendar f. 5r; Gospel Lessons f. 17r; "Obsecro te" and "O intemerata" f. 23r; blank f. 23; Hours of the Virgin lacking opening leaves for Terce Nones and Vespers f. 33r; Penitential Psalms and Litany f. 100r; Hours of the Cross lacking preliminary leaf f. 120r; Hours of the Holy Spirit p. 123r; Office of the Dead lacking preliminary leaf f. 127r; "Sept Vers de Saint Bernard" and Suffrages f. 176v; series of devotional prayers in Latin and French including the Hours of the Conception an indulgence devotional poems in French prayers for specific occasions such as when facing tribulations going to confession protection against storms and for friends abroad the Stabat Mater the Seven Joys of the Virgin Gospel sequences "Le chemin de paradis" and many others f. 199r; blank f. 280. ESPECIALLY BEAUTIFUL MID-19TH CENTURY LIGHT BROWN MOROCCO LAVISHLY GILT IN THE "FANFARE" STYLE BY CAPÉ stamp-signed in gilt on front turn-in covers with large green and red morocco inlaid panels gilt strapwork scrolling and small star tools raised bands spine compartments with red or green morocco inlay surrounded by gilt scrolling embellishments gilt lettering RED MOROCCO DOUBLURES gilt in the style of Duodo with repeating pattern of flowers encircled by vines marbled endleaves modern paper and vellum flyleaves all edges gilt. Housed in a fine suede-lined pebble-grained leather pull-off case with gilt lettering on spine. Light red ruling and rubrics numerous line-fillers in blue and pink with gilt embellishments many one- and two-line initials in burnished gold on pink and blue ground three four-line initials in pink or blue filled with ivy leaves on a burnished gold ground two of these with a gilt and painted baguette along the outer edge of text and all with a three-quarter border of hairline vines flowers acanthus and gold leaves the majority of the leaves with a panel border of hairline vines and flowers on one side one historiated initial painted blue on a burnished gold ground depicting the Virgin accompanied by a gilt and painted baguette and three-quarter border FOUR SMALL MINIATURES DEPICTING THE APOSTLES each with a gilt and painted baguette and surrounded by a three-quarter border and EIGHT LARGE ARCH-TOPPED MINIATURES above a three-line initial painted blue or pink on gold ground a gilt "L" shaped bar border incorporating colorful flowers and a full border of border of hairline vines flowers acanthus and gold leaves and A HALF-PAGE RECTANGULAR MINIATURE with a border along the lower half. The subjects of the large miniatures include: the Mass of St. Gregory f. 1r; Annunciation f. 33r; Visitation f. 57r; Nativity f. 70r; Adoration of the Magi f. 80v; Crowning of the Virgin f. 94v; David in Prayer f. 100r; Pentecost f. 123r; and a rectangular miniature of the Holy Wound or perhaps the Bleeding Host of Dijon f. 241v. Isolated light rubbing and negligible chips to miniatures the dark blue paint appearing slightly worn in places as is often the case occasional faint smudges to borders and other imperfections but all of these trivial. IN THOROUGHLY FINE CONDITION INTERNALLY--the paint fresh the vellum clean and the margins quite comfortable--AND THE EXTRAORDINARILY FINE BINDING FLAWLESS. In a spectacular 19th century binding this lovely thick little Book of Hours was executed by a talented follower of Maître François and the Master of Jean Rolin and contains a large number of prayers and devotional texts many of them in French. The manuscript includes a fine array of large and small miniatures executed with a colorful palette and careful attention to detail. Particularly noteworthy is the excellent molding of faces. Each figure--no matter their station or importance to the scene--displays unique characteristics that give us a sense of their age sentiments and demeanor. This is an impressive feat given the small scale of the compositions and this individualization adds a great deal of value to the miniatures as well as the viewer's emotional experience connecting to the images. Our artist owes much to the work of the so-called Maître François and slightly before him the Master of Jean Rolin the latter an eponym attached to the illuminator of missals done for Rolin cardinal-bishop of Autun d. 1483. Perhaps of Burgundian origin the Master of Jean Rolin completed his artistic education in Paris probably in the workshop of the Bedford Master and afterward established his own atelier in Burgundy. There he played a key role in the transition from the Bedford Master's slightly more gothic style to the more thoroughly Renaissance style of Maître François who ran the most successful Parisian workshop during the years between 1460 and 1480 producing illuminated manuscripts small and large sacred and secular. Characteristic of Maître François's style are richly colored scenes interiors depicted with considerable detail women and children with pale porcelain complexions and male figures with darker weathered flesh tones--all of which can be seen in the present work. The final miniature present in this work however seems to have been executed by a different artist altogether being rather more flat in appearance and without the detailed facial molding noted earlier. About two-thirds of the manuscript follows fairly regular arrangement of texts with the exception of the Mass of St. Gregory which is misbound at the beginning of the volume. Then following the Suffrages are approximately 80 leaves of devotional texts in Latin and French including popular verses such as the "Seven Joys of the Virgin" and the "Stabat Mater" as well as more unusual texts such as the Hours of the Conception prayers for specific occasions or protections--for example against storms "Contre tempeste" and when one passes over water "Quant on passe par eaue"--indulgences and other related texts. Two of the more interesting passages are "Le chemin de paradis" a French prayer beginning "Qui en paradis veult aller" and a series of Latin poems that claim to be copied from originals found at the church of St. Paul in Rome. These copious additional prayers suggest a high degree of customization for a client who may have been particularly religious or at least very concerned with self-preservation! and they present intriguing possibilities for further study. The manuscript was rebound sometime in the middle years of the 19th century by Capé d. 1867 one of the most distinguished binders in France in his day. He was especially well known for the delicacy of his work which can be observed to great effect in the present example. He was the binder to the Empress Eugenie and Béraldi calls him "the Bozérian of the second Empire." His work has always been highly sought after and it resides in all of the great collections where bindings are considered important. This volume seems to have been sold to bookseller Francis Edwards as lot no. 95 at Sotheby's sale on 3 April 1957 and has been in private hands ever since. The manuscript is a little jewel inside and out and has obviously been a treasured vessel of prayer and art for generations of owners. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis101 920,00 $US≈ 86 234,51 €

A MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN AND FRENCH, WITH 14 LARGE AND 27 SMALL MINIATURESBiblio.com

USE OF ROME

1516ST20620Northern France late 15th or early 16th century. 176 x 128 mm. 7 x 5". Single column 23 lines in a neat batârde hand. i blank 101 ii blank leaves. Lacking one leaf after f. 87 possibly containing a miniature otherwise complete. Contents: Calendar f. 1r; Gospel Lessons f. 7r; Passion according to John f. 10v; Hours of the Virgin f. 15v; Penitential Psalms and Litany f. 45r; Office of the Dead f. 54v; Hours of the Cross f. 68v; Hours of the Holy Spirit f. 70v; Prayers to the Trinity St. Veronica "Obsecro Te" "O Intemerata" and "Stabat Mater" f. 72v; Suffrages f. 79r; Prayers in French to be said on various occasions f. 86v; verse prayer in French beginning "Royne des cieulx glorieuse" f. 90r; additional prayers in French and Latin f. 93v. Attractive 19th century vellum with lacy gilt border raised bands ruled in gilt gilt lettering tan silk endleaves all edges gilt. Housed in a felt-lined reddish-brown pebbled morocco clamshell box with gilt lettering on spine. Rubrics in red numerous one- and two-line initials in painted gold on burgundy or blue ground WITH 27 SMALL MINIATURES one miniature of Christ Carrying the Cross measuring 60 x 68 mm. the rest depicting saints and measuring between eight and nine lines each surrounded by a full border of acanthus flowers and small dots on bare or painted vellum and 14 LARGE MINIATURES EACH OPENING WITH A FULL BORDER either with acanthus and flowers as before or architectural some borders embellished with figures animals or hybrids two with a small scene in the lower margin and about a dozen with the added coats of arms and/or mottos of Jean Boutin. The subjects of the large miniatures include the following: St. John of Patmos f. 7r; Annunciation f. 15v; Visitation f. 23r; Nativity f. 27v; Annunciation to the Shepherds f. 29v; Adoration of the Magi f. 31v; Presentation in the Temple f. 33v; Flight into Egypt f. 35v; Death of the Virgin f. 38v; Bathsheba bathing f. 45r; Funeral Mass f. 54v; Crucifixion f. 68v; Pentecost f .70v; Trinity f. 72v. See: Fairfax-Murray "French" p. 265-266. Vellum binding soiled but perfectly sound. Small portions of some border figures and perhaps three or four miniatures touched up in the 16th century see below occasional chipping to white paint small hole in the border of ff. 11 & 29 light scattered spotting fading thumb soiling and other minor issues but an attractive and substantially complete manuscript the illumination extensive and mostly well preserved. This heavily illustrated Book of Hours is a lovely example of provincial illumination; it calls attention in an interesting way to the influence of printed books on manuscript art; and it contains intriguing traces of an early prominent owner. Our manuscript contains a total of 41 large and small miniatures by a skilled artist who clearly had some training and familiarity with the prevailing styles of the time. The overall appearance of the work suggests the artist or workshop was located in Northern France and although the figures and backgrounds are indicative of a provincial hand the rich colors profuse use of liquid gold and sumptuous borders are unmistakable marks of luxury. The image of the Trinity is particularly lovely demanding the viewer's attention with God the Father's piercing gaze and conveying the majesty of the subject with a patterned throne set against a starry sky. Of special interest here are the compositions of the large miniatures many of which seem to have been copied from printed Books of Hours of the period. When we talk about the transition from manuscripts to print culture in the late-15th and 16th centuries the discussion often focuses on how the art of manuscripts influenced the appearance of printed works. There is no better example than Books of Hours which in printed editions often mimic the look of their manuscript predecessors in appearance and the way many were finished by hand. However as the present example demonstrates the opposite was also true as printed works inevitably made their way into the hands of manuscript artists. Some even worked simultaneously both as illustrators for publishers working with metal- and woodcuts and as manuscript painters. As a reflection of this point in the present work we find distinct similarities between our miniatures and a series of metalcuts used by Philippe Pigouchet for the publisher Simon Vostre beginning in 1496 Fairfax-Murray's set 2. According to Fairfax-Murray "These cuts . . . were evidently very favourably received by Pigouchet's rivals and imitators for one finds several close copies and adaptations in the various productions of other presses" including a very close imitation of woodcut images commissioned by the publisher Antoine Vérard. Evidently the popularity of these plates extended to manuscript artists and it is fascinating to see the adaptation of each composition to suit the painter's own style and the patron's needs. Most of the compositions in our manuscript are essentially simplified versions of the printed miniatures retaining the central figures their gestures garments and props but with complex backgrounds eschewed as are extra figures deemed unnecessary to fulfill the narrative. The resulting miniatures are far less busy than their printed counterparts allowing the viewer to focus on the central story. In a few instances the artist has added small scenes beneath the large miniatures. An example on f. 35 depicts the so-called "Miracle of the Wheat" featuring harvesters misleading Herod's soldiers by truthfully saying that the fleeing Holy Family passed by when their now miraculously matured crop was just being sown. This kind of inclusion may have been influenced by the copious small metalcut scenes that decorate the borders of numerous printed Books of Hours of this period. The text here follows a fairly typical structure but includes prayers in French to be said for each day of the week and on various occasions such as when one awakens or when one leaves a house. Also in French are additional verses to the Virgin--one of which is credited to the Franciscan preacher Jean Tisserand d. 1497 who founded an order for repentant women. Another accessory prayer included here f. 98 appeared in both prayer books and conjuring manuals of the period straddling the line between religion and popular magic. Based on an apocryphal encounter between Pope Leo III and Charlemagne during the Battle of Roncevaux this prayer was often used as a protective amulet against all manner of evil; here it is said to "conquer demons and one's enemies." Although we do not know for whom this manuscript was originally made the book shows a number of marginal customizations in the form of different coats of arms the motto "Soit avenu" "Let it come to pass" and the name of Jean Boutin written on ff. 23 and 35. This owner could have been Jean Boutin Sieur de la Court et de Chamballan and Mayor of Nantes from 1575-76. In addition to the marginal customizations the manuscript may possibly have some very neat replenishing of white facial paint in a handful of marginal figures and perhaps in a very small number of the miniatures. Using magnification and strong light we are unable to find convincing evidence that this retouching took place at least in the miniatures and if it was we think it was done quite early perhaps in the 16th century. Worst case it would necessarily be termed subtle and skillful enough to cause uncertainty now and whatever the verdict is in this respect the manuscript remains very fresh and attractive features attractively executed paintings is complete but for one leaf and would provide ample room for additional research. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis81 120,00 $US≈ 68 635,63 €

A MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM MANUSCRIPT BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN, WITH EIGHT MINIATURES IN THE STYLE OF THE MASTERS OF OTTO VAN MBiblio.com

USE OF ROME

1450ST20835Flanders ca. 1450. 109 x 81 mm. 4 1/4 x 3 1/8". Single column 14 lines in a gothic book hand. 161 leaves. COMPLETE. Contents: Calendar f. 1r; Mass of the Holy Spirit f. 14r; Mass of the Holy Cross f. 23r; Requiem Mass f. 30r; Prayer on the Seven Last Words of Christ by the Venerable Bede f. 36v; Passion according to John f. 40v; blank f. 53; Hours of the Holy Cross f. 55r; Mass of the Virgin Mary f. 60r; Gospel Lessons f. 66v; Hours of the Virgin f. 73r; Penitential Psalms f. 126r; Litany f. 138r; Office of the Dead f. 144r. PLEASING NEAR-CONTEMPORARY BLIND-ROLLED CALF apparently with some old skilled restoration to joints spine and corners covers with rolled vine border surrounding a panel of three columns bearing a roll with parts of the inscription "AVE MARIA GRACIA PLENA" each word separated by one of four small motifs a flower a human profile the lamb of god and a sitting animal--perhaps a lion raised bands compartments with part of the same inscription roll. Lacking the original ties. Housed in a very attractive custom-made brown calf folding case with blind-stamped lettering on the spine interior lined in suede the whole within a calf-lipped suede-lined matching slipcase. Rubrics in red numerous one-line initials in blue with red penwork or gold with dark blue penwork many two-line initials in burnished gold on pink and blue ground with white embellishments several larger "I" initials between four and 11 lines in burnished gold on pink and blue ground with white embellishments 12 six- to seven-line initials some painted pink or blue with white embellishments and filled with flowers and tendrils on a gold ground or the initial in burnished gold on pink and blue ground with white embellishments EIGHT LARGE MINIATURES each inside a thin gold frame and with a three-quarter border of gilt leaves hairline vines and floral spays each facing page with a similar three-quarter border the subjects of the miniatures being: the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove f. 13v; St. Helena and the True Cross f. 22v; Raising of Lazarus f. 29v; Crucifixion f. 54v; Virgin and Child Enthroned f. 59v; Annunciation f. 72v; Last Judgment f. 125v; Funeral Mass f. 143v. Prickings visible in fore margins. See: Defoer et. al "The Golden Age of Dutch Manuscript Illumination" pp. 75-86. Just minor wear to the solid very pleasing early binding. A little chipping almost always mild to four of the miniatures with square frames the fifth the Annunciation somewhat rubbed and faded the three domed miniatures perfectly intact vellum with minor soiling and thumbing in places especially in lower corners of leaves in second half other trivial imperfections but overall a very well-preserved manuscript with no major issues. This enchanting little prayer book features eight attractive miniatures large gleaming burnished gold initials and a pleasing period binding--all in an excellent state of preservation. The miniature program here can be attributed to the so-called Masters of Otto van Moerdrecht the name given to a variety of Dutch artists active in the 1430s and '40s all working in a similar mode rather than to a specific master or workshop. According to Defoer et al. the work of these miniaturists "exhibit varied compositional formulas and bright highly contrasting colors . . . . The small somewhat doll-like figures appear rather wooden but their expressive gestures give the scenes a varied and vivid character." Two artistic hands are responsible for the present miniatures. The artist behind the first three miniatures all set within domed gilt frames the Holy Spirit St. Helena and Raising of Lazarus shows particular skill with a very smooth application of color figures with long eloquent hands and faces with subtle white highlighting. A second artist was responsible for the remaining five miniatures set within square golden frames Crucifixion Virgin and Child Enthroned Annunciation Last Judgment and Funeral Mass. Though this hand is less polished and the miniatures slightly smaller in size the scenes are all quite charming and attractively colored with vivid splashes of bright orange bubblegum pink sky blue and pale green. It is worth noting that the miniatures differ not only because of the artists' degree of success but also because of their condition: whereas the five are generally well preserved the other three are in a virtually perfect state. In addition to the central text of the Hours of the Virgin this manuscript contains several Masses each of which is preceded by a miniature. Perhaps the most interesting of these is the Mass of the Holy Cross which is paired with a miniature of St. Helena mother of Constantine the Great. According to Christian tradition Helena found the wooden cross used in the Crucifixion while she was travelling in Jerusalem in the fourth century. Constantine built the Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre in its honor and installed the relic there to be venerated. Britannica says that the adoration of the True Cross led to wide-spread sale of its fragments sought after as objects of devotion. It is unusual to find St. Helena depicted in a Book of Hours and this image is especially appealing with Helena in a beautiful red robe crown and halo embracing a large wooden cross in the center of the composition. The background is reminiscent of the work of the Gold Scrolls group with small swirls of liquid gold swimming in a scarlet sky the same scrolling motif graces the Holy Dove miniature. There is no indication of former ownership in this manuscript although the Calendar presents a few unusual saints that confirm a Flanders connection. These include St. Amandus in red known as the "Apostle of Flanders" on 2 February; St. Guido known as the "Poor Man of Anderlecht" on 9 September; St. Bavo in red patron saint of Ghent where a Cathedral is named in his honor on 10 October; and St. Eligius patron saint of goldsmiths and metalworkers on 1 December. The binding here is very close to contemporary and probably dates to the late 15th century. Neither the floral roll nor the "Ave Maria" roll seems to appear in EBDB. Similar rolls include r001954 r000623 and r000670 but ours is the only one with four different and charming tools one of each used between every "Ave" and "Maria." For a manuscript only slightly bigger than the palm of one’s hand this Book of Hours has a great deal to offer. In addition to its early binding and lovely illumination by an influential group of artists great care has been put into its preservation so that it resolutely endures for our pleasure and for owners in the centuries to come. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis72 800,00 $US≈ 61 596,08 €

A MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM MANUSCRIPT BOOK OF HOURS IN LATIN, WITH 36 LARGE AND SMALL MINIATURES BY THE MAITRE DU LIVRE DE LABiblio.com

USE OF ROME

1470CLe2501Low Countries probably Bruges ca. 1470-80. 186 x 135 mm. 7 3/8 x 5 1/4". Single column 20 lines in a gothic book hand. i blank 108 i blank leaves bound too tightly for a close collation but APPARENTLY COMPLETE. Contents: Calendar f. 1r; Gospel Lessons f. 7r; Hours of the Holy Cross f. 11r; Hours of the Holy Spirit f. 15r; Mass of the Virgin 18r; "Obsecro te" f. 21r; "O Intemerata" f. 23r; Suffrages f. 24r; Hours of the Virgin f. 33r; Office of the Virgin as said throughout Advent f. 71r; Penitential Psalms f. 76r; Litany and petitions f. 81v; Office of the Dead f. 87r. HANDSOME RENAISSANCE ENTRELAC BINDING upper joint and parts of spine very skillfully repaired covers with a gilt floral border surrounding a central panel of gilt strapwork design with traces of original polychrome painting raised bands spine gilt in compartments original bosses and catchplates clasps renewed all edges gilt. Rubrics in red numerous one-line initials in blue with red penwork or gold with dark purple penwork many two-line initials in burnished gold on pink and blue ground with white highlights most of these with floral sprays extending into the margins 22 SMALL MINIATURES measuring approximately 45 x 37 mm. each with panel borders of colorful acanthus and flowers at the top and bottom of the page connected by a strand of gilt bezants and 14 FULL-PAGE MINIATURES each surrounded by a full border of acanthus flowers and bezants the facing pages also with full borders and a large six-line initial painted pink or blue filled with swirling vines and flowers on gilt and painted ground. Subjects of the large miniatures being: Crucifixion f. 10v; Pentecost f. 14v; Virgin and Child f. 17v; Annunciation f. 32v; Visitation f. 42v; Nativity f. 49v; Annunciation to the Shepherds f. 52v; Adoration of the Magi f. 55v; Presentation in the Temple f. 58v; Massacre of the Innocents f. 61v; Flight into Egypt f. 66v; Coronation of the Virgin f. 70v; David in Prayer f. 75v; Raising of Lazarus f. 86v. Front pastedown with a 16th century inscription see below; rear pastedown with a 17th century ownership inscription in ink signed François le Paige. Lower joint a bit rubbed margins with a little soiling and occasional wrinkle fore-edge border rule just grazed by binder in a few places the other borders quite ample miniatures with tiny chips light fading or rubbing in a couple places etc. but IN EXCELLENT CONDITION the attractive period binding very well preserved with boards showing virtually no signs of wear the vellum generally clean and bright and the miniatures fresh and richly colored. This is an extensively illustrated Book of Hours preserved in an especially attractive early binding with richly colored miniatures attributed to the Master of Philip of Cleves' "Book of the Hunt." Active in the Low Countries from approximately 1470-90 this artist was patronized by some of the area's wealthiest elite and is known to have collaborated with another important illuminator called the Bruges Master of 1482. Some trademarks of our painter include faces with subtle blue shading; high arched eyebrows; thin golden halos; and women with very straight shoulder-length hair highlighted with strands of gold. Outdoor scenes often contain narrative elements in the distance such as the figures of a young David and Goliath in the miniature of King David at Prayer or pagan idols dropping from a column in the Flight into Egypt recalling a popular apocryphal tale of pagan relics miraculously falling to pieces as the Holy Family passes by. Some miniatures of note in addition to these two are the Raising of Lazarus for the Office of the Dead--a popular alternative to funeral images particularly among Flemish illuminators--and the Massacre of the Innocents for the hour of Vespers a particularly violent episode in which King Herod commands his soldiers to slaughter the male infants of Bethlehem. Like other miniatures in this work the action in these scenes is spread out between the fore middle and background creating a multi-layered narrative that invites the eye to explore and meditate. The artist's color palette in this manuscript is quite memorable and includes a bright mustard yellow pale green and cherry blossom pink. The Coronation of the Virgin makes particularly strong use of color with a sunset-like gradient giving way to billowy blue clouds. The Annunciation miniature also demonstrates the Master's facility with color; here the Angel Gabriel's red and green wings are fully extended while the Virgin is radiant against a golden yellow wall covering. In addition to the large compositions we are treated to 22 smaller miniatures depicting the Evangelists and saints each of which is charming in its more confined presentation. Although the saints found in the Suffrages are quite typical for a Book of Hours the Calendar is another story. Despite being rather sparsely filled out the calendar here includes several feast days some of them unusual enough to provide additional insight into the manuscript's localization and use. For example there is St. Landoaldi 19 March a missionary to Northern France and Belgium and St. Winnoc 6 November the son of a Breton king with a former abbey in the far north of France. The calendar is idiosyncratic in other ways as well with saints' names that are repeated and others that are either extremely obscure or whose dates seem to be wrong. Whatever the case additional research into the calendar would undoubtedly prove revealing. We are fortunate to have some early provenance information written into this Book of Hours. The inscription on the front pastedown reads: "This last day of September 1590 we name erased but Claude le Paige lieutenant of the guards of his highness of Bar le Duc on the one hand and Alix de la Taxe on the other hand have married in front of the holy Catholic church at the place of Mirecourt." Below this inscription are notes indicating the ages of the bride and groom 17 and 36 respectively as well as the dates of their deaths: he died on 9 May 1610 and she on 14 September 1622. Located in the strategically important Meuse region in northeastern France the Duchy of Bar-le-Duc unified with Lorraine in 1480 and became extremely wealthy during the 16th century. Although we do not know for whom the manuscript was originally made it seems quite possible that it was commissioned for a forebear of the named Bar-le-Duc spouses and was perhaps passed down through later generations of the family. The signature on the pastedown indicates that François le Paige son of Claude and Alix inherited the book from his parents. This manuscript was lavishly and tastefully bound early in the 16th century and has survived in excellent condition to the present day. This binding would originally have been painted but even without its original colors it is still quite attractive perhaps even splendid. In excellent condition inside and out the manuscript is a fortunate survival and a testament to generations of careful stewardship. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis88 400,00 $US≈ 74 795,24 €

A VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF FROM AN EARLY GLOSSED BIBLE IN LATINBiblio.com

TEXT BEGINNING WITH 2 CHRONICLES 36:14

ST17586Abbey of St. Oyan at St.-Claude du Jura France ca. 1175. 245 x 158 mm. 9 3/4 x 6 1/4". Single column of text with two columns of gloss text column with 26 lines in a fine proto-gothic book hand. Verso with scant remnants of mounting tape in a couple of places along one edge. See Gwara Handlist no. 77. ◆Upper margin of fore edge unevenly trimmed away but no text lost a dozen-and-a-half small round wormholes touching just a couple letters light soiling to edges and other minor imperfections but still IN FINE CONDITION the vellum very clean and the ink dark and legible. The most important innovation in biblical scholarship during the 12th century was the development of the "Glossa Ordinaria" to the Bible. Drawing on the whole earlier tradition of biblical exegesis but especially that of Latin patristic writers like Augustine and Jerome scholars working in the French cathedral schools of Laon and Paris systematized this material in an apparatus of marginal and interlinear glosses arranged around the relevant biblical passages. The present leaf showing a particularly beautiful and regular script is a lovely example of one such work. The biblical text appearing in the center column is differentiated by larger lettering and gloss appears interlineally and in a column on either side of the main text all in smaller lettering by the same hand. Scott Gwara notes that the parent manuscript was formerly in the Medieval library of St. Oyan at St.-Claude du Jura a Benedictine monastery founded as the Abbey of Condat around 425 and later known as St. Oyen after an obscure saint who served as Condat's fourth abbot. In the 13th century it was renamed St.-Claude. By the 20th century the manuscript was in the collection of William L. Clements d. 1934 the bulk of which was sold by his estate between 1934-37. The manuscript was then acquired and dismembered by biblioclast Otto Ege around 1939. Gwara notes that the manuscript was incomplete by the time it reached Ege containing only 80 leaves but was "otherwise in excellent condition." The present leaf certainly attests to this assertion being extremely clean bright and with comfortable margins. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis3 744,00 $US≈ 3 167,80 €

A VERY EARLY VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF FROM A LECTIONARY IN LATINBiblio.com

WITH READINGS FROM MATTHEW 21:35-46 AND GENESIS 27:6-28

ST17766Probably Germany third quarter of ninth century. 285 x 245 mm. 11 1/4 x 9 3/4". Single column 25 lines in a Caroline minuscule book hand. Tipped into a paper folder and presented in a tan cloth binding with ink notation on spine and a small sticker on upper cover. Rubrics in red. Front pastedown of folder with the bookplate of the Schøyen collection. With several pages of typed and handwritten notes including Bernard Rosenthal's cataloguing and a copy of a letter from Bernhard Bischoff to Rosenthal concerning the dating of the leaf. ◆Recovered from a binding and thus with some expected browning staining and wrinkling a long vertical fold through the text touching a couple letters of each line recto with the first few words of each line roughened and somewhat obscured a couple of other words a bit hard to make out but the vast majority of text very legible with fore and tail margins very ample and in all quite a good specimen representing a remarkable survival. Featuring a lovely Caroline miniscule hand this very early leaf from a Lectionary may have been made for the use of a particular church or individual and comes with recent distinguished scholarship and provenance. Although the text here contains familiar passages from the Old and New Testaments their juxtaposition in this context presents a bit of a conundrum: as the enclosed cataloguing explains the story of the wicked husbandmen from Matthew followed by the story of Esau surrendering his birthright to Jacob from Genesis "is an irregular and indeed unrecorded liturgical sequence of texts and suggests that this particular collection of lections was compiled for a particular church or private chapel." It is also possible that the Lectionary was made for the use of an individual rather than an institution with certain needs or preferences—perhaps a scholar or theologian or even a Carolingian nobleman many of whom were literate and educated. The hand here is an excellent example of the legible and elegant Caroline minuscule that dominated Western Europe in this period; distinctive letter forms include clubbed ascenders such as on the letters "b" "d" and "l" a long "s" with the shaft on the line and the use of the ampersand as a general abbreviation for the letters "et" occurring anywhere in a word for example "conter&" for "conteret". Termed the "integrated ampersand" this usage is especially characteristic of Caroline minuscule manuscripts of the late eighth and ninth centuries. Our leaf comes with bookseller Bernard M. Rosenthal's catalogue description noting that it was "Purchased from Schab New York Feb. 1969." William H. Schab was a book and art dealer in the firm of Gilhofer and & Ranschburg in Vienna before fleeing Austria in 1938 and settling in New York where he founded his own business. Also included here is a copy of a handwritten note regarding the date of the present leaf from renowned paleographer Bernard Bischoff. The leaf was also featured in Quaritch's 1991 catalogue 1147 Bookhands of the Middle Ages V no. 25.5 and was until recently part of the Schøyen Collection their MS 623. Four additional pages of cataloguing are also included here. Despite having been used as binding scrap at some point in its life this leaf is very well preserved with no words lost from trimming with distinctly visible ink and in a clear and very pleasing hand. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis26 000,00 $US≈ 21 998,60 €

A VERY FINE MEDIEVAL ILLUMINATED VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF IN LATIN, FROM THE LLANGATTOCK BREVIARY, WITH AN HISTORIATED INITIAL DEPBiblio.com

TEXT FROM THE FEAST OF STS. PETER AND PAUL

1441ST19880Italy Ferrara 1441-48. Visible leaf: 245 x 187 mm. 9 5/8 x 7 3/8"; Frame: 380 x 315 mm. 15 x 12 1/4". Double column 30 lines in a very fine rounded gothic hand a few lines of text in the same hand but smaller. Mounted and in a simple but pleasing gold frame. Visible side with rubrics in red one-line initials in burnished gold or painted blue one two-line initial in burnished gold on a pale pink ground with white tracery a lovely illuminated bar between the columns with a central plant knot AND SPROUTING IN UPPER AND LOWER MARGINS CLUSTERS OF FLOWERS AND LEAVES IN VARIOUS COLORS AS WELL AS GOLD BEZANTS outer margin with swirling penwork studded with gilt bezants running the length of the column each penwork swirl enclosing a painted and gilt flower with ONE FIVE-LINE HISTORIATED INITIAL DEPICTING ST. PAUL HOLDING A SWORD AND BOOK the initial painted pink with green leaves and a blue and green acanthus extension on a gilt ground. ◆Not examined outside of frame but in very fine condition: vellum slightly wavy text in the bottom margin just a bit faded but by all appearances A VERY CLEAN BRIGHT LEAF SPARKLING WITH GILT. Executed with great skill and delicacy and in sensitive Italianate colors highlighted especially by spring green and pink the present leaf is from a manuscript intended for a powerful aristocrat. It comes from the celebrated Breviary illuminated for the chapel of the Marquises of Este rulers of Ferrara and Mantua a manuscript commissioned by Leonello d'Este duke of Ferrara from 1441-50. Because the d'Este family kept excellent records we have confidence that this manuscript was done for Leonello by Giorgio d'Alemagna Bartolomeo de Benincà Guglielmo Giraldi and Matteo de' Pasti see Toniolo "La Miniatura a Ferrara dal Tempo di Cosmè Tura all'eredità di Ercole de' Roberti" 1998 pp. 19-20 and 76-77. The leaves show subtle variations in the style of the illuminations a result of work done by a team of artists doing variations on a theme. At one time in a Spanish library the manuscript was brought to Britain during the Peninsular War and came to be owned by the Rolls family later Lords Llangattock of Monmouth in Wales from whom it takes its name. By the time the work reached Britain most of the miniatures had already been cut out. The Breviary sold at Christie's on 8 December 1958 lot #190 to Goodspeed's of Boston who broke it up. The intact first quire of 10 leaves was purchased by Philip Hofer and given to Harvard cf. Wieck "Late Medieval and Renaissance Illuminated Manuscripts" p. 130 and fig. 74 and individual leaves appeared in 1967 in the catalogues of Folio Fine Art "the quality of the leaves is extremely high" Maggs Brothers "of a very high quality" and Alan Thomas "of exquisite quality". The present example is especially desirable for the portrait of St. Paul who is depicted holding a sword and book and whose carefully molded features reflect the growing interest in realistic portraiture in Renaissance Italy. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis10 400,00 $US≈ 8 799,44 €

A VERY LARGE EARLY VELLUM MANUSCRIPT LEAF FROM SAINT GREGORY THE GREAT'S "XL HOMILARIUM IN EVANGELIA" IN LATINBiblio.com

TEXT FROM HOMILY XXVI FOR THE FIRST SUNDAY AFTER EASTER

ST12083eItaly ca. 1150. 406 x 273 mm. 16 x 10 3/4". Double column 42 lines in a fine rounded early proto-gothic hand. Recto with a pleasing three-line red initial. ◆Formerly used in a binding and consequently a bit soiled and trimmed at the head with loss of the first line perhaps 100 or so small wormholes in the margin only a few causing trivial harm to the text a faint grayish stain affecting a couple of words in the top 20 lines of one column on each side but the entirety of the text completely clear and the stately leaf quite fresh and unusually well-preserved in general for a recovered specimen. This leaf comes from a very large copy of one of the major texts by one of the great popes of the early Middle Ages. Dealing in part with the central occurrence in the salvation of humanity the text here treats of John 20:19-31 which tells of the risen Christ's appearance to the Apostles. Doubting Thomas insists on touching the Lord's wounds before he will be convinced of the Resurrection. Gregory tells his audience that Thomas was healed of unbelief and so must they be although they cannot see Jesus in the flesh as did Thomas. Written ca. 593 Pope Gregory's 40 homilies on the Gospels enjoyed enduring popularity throughout Medieval times as they offered ordinary Christians practical guidance on applying the lessons of the Gospels to their own lives. Elected pope in 590 Gregory ca. 540-604 was one of the most influential pontiffs in the history of the Church. In addition to revising liturgical worship he wrote extensively on theology offering homespun wisdom rather than esoteric debates. He was declared a saint immediately upon his death. The script here is regular rounded and very pleasing--almost soothing--to the eye. Moreover the letters are so large and there is so little significant damage to the leaf that the text can be easily read from a considerable distance. unknown

Phillip J. Pirages Fine Books and Medieval Manuscripts · États-Unis2 860,00 $US≈ 2 419,85 €

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