FOURIER, (JEAN BAPTISTE JOSEPH).Biblio.com
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182251212Paris Firmin-Didot 1822. 4to. Contemporary half calf with gilt spine. Old paper label to top of spine. Two old stamps to foot of title-page and old inscription to top of title-page. Half-title browned otherwise just a bit of mild scattered brownspotting. A mild damp stain to lower blank margin of ab. 20 leaves far from affecting text. A nice copy. Plates with light brownspotting. 4 XII 639 pp. 2 plates. <br/><br/><em>First edition of Fourier's seminal main work an epochal achievement in the history of science being "the first outstanding publication on the conduction of heat" Milestones of Science and the "source of all modern methods in mathematical physics involving the integration of partial differential equations in problems where boundary values are fixed." Cajori. "Fourier demonstrated that problems in mathematical physics can be solved for any complex condition when one knows how to solve the simple periodic initial condition." Milestones of Science. The great achievements that Fourier presents us with in the present work can be seen as twofold treating first the formulation of the physical problem as boundary-value problems in linear partial differential equations which extended rational mechanics to fields outside those Newton had defined in his "Principia" and second "the powerful mathematical toold he invented for the solution of the equations which yielded a long series of descendants and raised problems in mathematical analysis that motivated much of the leading work in that field for the rest of the century and beyond." D.S.B.Dibner: 154.Sparrow: p. 31. Barchas: 740.Norman: 824. </em> unknown
182248285Paris Bossange père; Londres Martin Bossange et Comp. 1822 & 1823. 8vo. Traité: Two lovely contemporary uniform half calf bindings with gilding and blindstamped ornamentations to spines. "E. C." in gilt lettering to top of spine on both volumes Sommaire: a bit later red half cloth with marbled paper over boards. Gilt title to spine. Traité: signed by the author on verso of half-title in vol. 1: "Ch Fourier". Title-page of vol. 1 with a small light brown stain probably candle-starin far from affecting lettering. Both volumes in lovely condition with only very light occassional brownspoting. LXXX 592 pp.; VIII 648 pp. Sommaire: Title-page slightly browned evenly. Otherwise very nice clean and fresh. 16 pp pp. 1329 -1448 4 ff. = A8 unnumbered - on two leaves first recto and second verso blank B8 C8 D8 E8.A lovely set. <br/><br/><em>Scarce first edition of Fourier's milestone work of political theory which is considered a founding work of Utopian Socialism and a main inspiration for Marx. The work which contains "the essence of Fourier's doctrine" David Owen Evans Social Romanticism in France 1830-1848 p. 129. is here presented together with the exceedingly rare complete supplement which was published the following year.It is in the "Traité." that Fourier presents the revolutionary ideas that Marx were to adopt and use in his "Kapital" namely the theory of poverty and exploitation and its relation to the means of production. These same ideas are those that made Marx speak of Fourier's "Gargantuan view of man".It is due to the "Traité de l'association" that Fourier is considered one of the founding fathers of Utopian Socialism being by far the most utopian of them; in his quest for a more equal society he became one of the very first to defend things such as same-sex sexuality and the rights of women - in fact it is Fourier that later coins the word "Feministe" while stating that the position of women in society was equal to that of slaves. Many of his publications preceded those of de Saint-Simon Owens and Marx but his ideas seemed to find greater influence when interpreted by others. Due to the lack of success of the "Traité" Fourier decided the following year to publish the "Sommaire" in an attempt to draw attention to his revolutionary ideas in the "Traité". The "Sommaire" constitutes a short more easily understood summary though also containing some additional new work. The "Sommaire" is often referred to as "The Appendix" to the "Traité" and is considered as belonging to that work. One of the central themes of the work is the thought of "harmony": "The word harmonisme - here fully explained and described for the first time - was first applied to the highest of the passions or motives of humankind; then as a synonym for Harmonie to the ultimate stage of social evolution. The fortunate inhabitants of the perfected world he called harmoniens a word coined in the present work. These words were duly translated by the Fourierites of other lands. Harmony the Harmonic state Harmonization or integral contrasted association were the terms used in the earliest English translations in 1841 to describe Fourier's proposed social system; and Harmonism was employed in the 1850's. The inhabitants were spoken of as Harmonians; and Fourier's philosophy as a whole was sometimes described as the Harmonian Doctrine. Even the word harmonious was called into service as a technical term one English disciple writing of a Harmonious Phalanx." Bestor The Evolution of the Socialist Vocabulary p. 264.Charles Fourier claimed to find inspiration in the exorbitant price of an apple in a Parisian restaurant and he convinced himself that he could design a more efficient way to produce and deliver goods. Unlike other socialists of his day Fourier believed that the pursuit of self interest served as an effective incentive to productive work. He simply did not believe that the market economy of his day successfully mobilized the pursuit of self interest for the common good and he was offended by the low productivity of labor. He argued that most people were employed in deadening jobs that failed to fully utilize their energies and that nearly two thirds of all workers were performing virtually useless tasks. A more efficient economic organization promised enormous benefits to all if only a benefactor capitalist would advance the money necessary to set up the first community or ''phalanstery''.Phalanxes structures called Phalanstères or "grand hotels" were four level apartment complexes where the richest had the uppermost apartments and the poorest occupied the ground floor residence. Wealth was determined by one's job jobs were assigned based on the interests and desires of the individual. There were incentives: jobs people might not enjoy doing would receive higher pay. Fourier considered trade which he associated with Jews to be the "source of all evil" and advocated that Jews be forced to perform farm work in the phalansteries. Furthermore he believed that there were twelve common passions which resulted in 810 types of character it is not clear why exactly this number so the ideal phalanx would have exactly 1620 people. One day there would be six million of these loosely ruled by a world "omniarch" or a World Congress of Phalanxes.Fourier and his contemporaries such as Owen and Saint-Simon were named utopian socialist because of their visions of imaginary ideal societies. Many saw them as not being grounded in the material conditions of society and as reactionary. Despite Fourier's lacking sense of practicality his ideas profoundly influenced all later socialist political and economic though; Not only was he immortalized by Marx "John Stuart Mill shared the same enthusiasm for Fourier as did the German Marx and Engels and the American George Ripley. Fourier's was "the most skillfully combined and with the greatest foresight of objections of all the forms of Socialism." Feuer The Influence of the American Communist Colonies on Engels and Marx P. 466. Fourier's views inspired in the mid 19. century the founding of the communities in Utopia Ohio La Reunion near present-day Dallas Texas and several other communities within the United States of America including the North American Phalanx in Red Bank New Jersey; Brook Farm in West Roxbury Massachusetts and the Community Place and Sodus Bay Phalanx in New York State.In the mid 20th Century Fourier's influence began to rise again among writers appraising socialist ideas outside the Marxist doctrines. After the Surrealists had broken with the French Communist Party André Breton turned to Fourier writing Ode à Charles Fourier in 1947."Traité de l'association domestique-agricole ":Kress C864 Goldsmiths 23694 Einaudi 1960 including both works. "Sommaire du traité":Kress C1060Goldsmiths 23997. </em> hardcover
18085302Paris: Bernard 1808. First edition. <p>First printing extremely rare of the discovery of Fourier series and their application to the mathematical theory of heat appearing here 14 years before Fourier's famous Théorie analytique de la chaleur. "This work marks an epoch in the history of both pure and applied mathematics. It is the source of all modern methods in mathematical physics . The gem of Fourier's great book is 'Fourier series'" Cajori A History of Mathematics.</p>. EVANS 37 - THE TRUE FIRST PUBLICATION OF FOURIER SERIES. <p>First printing extremely rare of the discovery of Fourier series and their application to the mathematical theory of heat appearing here 14 years before Fourier's famous Théorie analytique de la chaleur. "This work marks an epoch in the history of both pure and applied mathematics. It is the source of all modern methods in mathematical physics . The gem of Fourier's great book is 'Fourier series'" Cajori A History of Mathematics p. 270. "The methods that Fourier used to deal with heat problems were those of a true pioneer because he had to work with concepts that were not yet properly formulated. He worked with discontinuous functions when others dealt with continuous ones used integral as an area when integral as an anti-derivative was popular and talked about the convergence of a series of functions before there was a definition of convergence . such methods were to prove fruitful in other disciplines such as electromagnetism acoustics and hydrodynamics. It was the success of Fourier's work in applications that made necessary a redefinition of the concept of function the introduction of a definition of convergence a reexamination of the concept of integral and the ideas of uniform continuity and uniform convergence. It also provided motivation for the discovery of the theory of sets was in the background of ideas leading to measure theory and contained the germ of the theory of distributions" González-Velasco p. 428. In December 1807 Fourier submitted a large manuscript entitled Sur la propagation de la chaleur to the Institut de France in Paris "but although Laplace Lacroix and Monge were in favour of publishing it Lagrange blocked publication apparently because its treatment of trigonometric series differed markedly from the way he Lagrange had stipulated in the 1750s. Another chance came in 1810 when the Academy of Sciences announced a prize competition on heat diffusion. Fourier submitted a revised memoir which won in 1811 but was criticised for a lack of rigour and generality. Fourier thought the criticism unfair but revised it again and the resulting book came out in 1822 after Lagrange's death and when Fourier's standing was rising in the Academy" Gray p. 14. The present article is an extract of the 1807 memoir the only part of it to be published until 1972. The prize memoir of 1811 appeared in two parts in the Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France tomes 4 & 5 published in 1824 & 1826. "Previous historical interpretation of Fourier's work has often depended on the Théorie analytique for the sequence of his researches. The 1807 memoir however is one of the great papers in the history of science which led to fundamental advances in the study of heat flow mathematical analysis and an almost unlimited number of applications in science and engineering" Gillmor p. 501. "The 1807 paper is Fourier's masterpiece: the problems and the consequences of their solutions in it dominated his scientific effort while the circumstances of the preparation and publication of its successors encompassed most of his career" Grattan-Guinness 1972 p. ix. ABPC/RBH lists the sale of only one copy the March 1808 issue extracted from the yearly volume in a modern binding. OCLC locates no copy in the US.</p> <br /> <p>Born in Auxerre France Fourier 1768-1830 was in 1795 appointed an assistant lecturer at the École Polytechnique working under Lagrange and Monge. In 1798 Monge a prominent supporter of Napoleon selected Fourier to go on the French expedition to Egypt. After the British defeated them there Fourier returned to France in 1801 hoping to resume his work at the École Polytechnique but Napoleon had been impressed by his organisational talents and sent him instead to be the prefect of the Department of Isère. Despite these administrative duties Fourier managed to pursue scientific research in his spare time and on 21 December 1807 he sent a paper to the mathematical and physical section of the Institut de France in Paris presenting some of his discoveries. The paper was a large one: 234 pages of text with many complicated equations several diagrams of strange mathematical functions and in the last part a few tables of experimental results.</p> <br /> <p>"The secrétaire perpétuel of the mathematical and physical section Delambre sent it to the Institut's foremost mathematical minds-Lagrange Laplace Monge and Lacroix-for examination. The topic was novel and ambitious for it purported to take the mathematical analysis of physical phenomena outside the terms of reference of Newton's law of universal gravitation; the theoretical investigation of the propagation of heat. Little had been achieved on this problem although it was known that Biot and Poisson two of Paris's rising young scientists were interested in it. Now Fourier a man in his fortieth year who had published only one paper in his life-a study of the Principle of Virtual Work ten years previously-was submitting his own ideas on the subject" Grattan-Guinness 1969 p. 250.</p> <br /> <p>"Fourier began by exploring the known properties and parameters for the study of heat diffusion. There were three main ones of the latter: conduction internally within a solid body and externally through its surface or boundary into the environment; and specific heat. Assuming them to be constant he used them to define quantity of heat at a point or section of the body. He took the flow of heat to be uniform and temperature change linear with respect to distance. He drew upon Newton's law of cooling that the flow of heat through a domain was proportional to the temperature difference across it . To mathematize the phenomenon Fourier used the standard differential and integral calculus in the version developed by Euler" Landmark Writings p. 356.</p> <br /> <p>Fourier's 1807 paper followed the chronology of his discoveries. He began with an analysis of heat diffusion between disjoint bodies. He then attempted to model heat diffusion on a line or a circle by replacing them with a finite number of bodies arranged along a line or circle and then letting the number of bodies tend to infinity. For various reasons this approach was unsuccessful so he started afresh on continuous bodies. Fourier was led to the 'heat diffusion equation': in the simplest case of heat flow through a body in one dimension the temperature T at a distance x along a line at time t satisfies the differential equation</p> <br /> <p>d2T/dx2 = KdT/dt</p> <br /> <p>where K is a constant which depends on the physical parameters of the body. For heat flow in bodies of more than one dimension there was a corresponding partial differential equation. The 1807 paper concluded with a section on Fourier's experimental findings.</p> <br /> <p>To solve the heat diffusion equation Fourier used 'separation of variables': he assumed a solution of the form Txt = UxVt which led to ordinary differential equations for U and V; the solutions for U were trigonometric functions. Since the heat diffusion equation is linear superposition of such solutions will also be a solution. Fourier thus arrived at solutions of the form</p> <br /> <p>Txt = Σ ar cos rx br sin rx exp-r2Kt</p> <br /> <p>where the infinite sum is over r = 0 1 2 3 . and the coefficients ar br are determined by the 'boundary conditions' e.g. the given values of T at certain values of x and t.</p> <br /> <p>"There had been a long 18th-century debate about trigonometric series in connection with solutions to the wave equation and the shape of a vibrating string. On the one hand it seemed reasonable that a string could have any continuous initial shape - that was Euler's view - on the other hand the equation could only be solved by functions to which the calculus applied . Fourier proposed to reopen the debate by boldly asserting that any solution to the heat equation which he was the first to derive could be written as an infinite sum of sines and cosines for the simple reason that any function could be written that way. This is a dramatic claim and it was still more so in his day because the consensus was that however broadly a function might be defined all the functions that arise in practice are finite sums of familiar ones: polynomials sines cosines exponentials and logarithms nth roots and the like. They could also be infinite power series and indeed infinite trigonometric series but nonetheless they had the usual sorts of properties such as smoothly varying graphs. No-one said so in so many words but it is clear that the expectation was there and Fourier in particular simply assumed that every function is continuous as is clear from his account of the coefficients of a Fourier series . One of the dramas introduced by Fourier's series was that they readily flout all these expectations . at various stages in the 19th century they provided fresh and disturbing examples of just what functions could do. Contrary to what Fourier himself believed if Cauchy's work began the exploration of what rigorous mathematics can do Fourier series can indicate just what theory is up against" Gray pp. 13-14.</p> <br /> <p>To give some indication of Fourier's originality and technical expertise one problem he considered led to the equation</p> <br /> <p>1 = a1 cos x a3 cos 3x a5 cos 5x .</p> <br /> <p>from which the coefficients a1 a3 a5 . had to be determined. Fourier solved these equations by repeated differentiation followed by putting y = 0. This led to an infinite set of linear equations for a1 a3 a5 . He took the first n of these equations truncated them by omitting all but the first n coefficients solved the resulting finite set of equations and finally let n tend to infinity. Using John Wallis's expression for π as an infinite product this gave</p> <br /> <p>a1 = 4/π a3 = - 1/3. 4/π a5 = 1/5. 4/π .</p> <br /> <p>and hence</p> <br /> <p>π/4 = cos x - 1/3 cos 3x 1/5 cos 5x - .</p> <br /> <p>This formula illustrates an important point which Fourier was the first to understand: the representation of a function by its Fourier series is valid only in a restricted range. For example the preceding series is valid only when x lies between -π/2 and π/2: in fact if x is between π/2 and 3π/2 the sum of the series is -π/4! One of Lagrange's criticisms was that Fourier series being periodic functions are not sufficiently general to represent a 'general' function. Fourier realized that "periodicity is no handicap to generality when the range of values required of the variable equals that period; what happens outside that range is irrelevant to the physical problem and therefore to the mathematics used to describe it. All this is common wisdom today but it is the wisdom that Fourier created; Euler and Lagrange wrote under and indeed did much to create an algebraic approach to the theory of functions and one of its most profound features was that if the algebraic expression fx took real values over a particular range of values of x then it must be used or at least thought of over the whole of that range. Therefore a 'general' function would have a 'general' range as well as a 'general' shape and so the restricted range of trigonometric series would in itself exclude their candidature for generality . It is this profound mistake over the kind of generality demanded of a solution of the wave equation which was as responsible as any other cause for the subsidence into failure of the 18th-century discussion of the vibrating string problem . The vibrating string analysis was Fourier's great predecessor in the field of linear partial differential equations and Fourier enriched it by solving the generality problem and introducing into the theory of functions the specification of a range of values to a function independent of its shape or equation" Grattan-Guinness 1969 pp. 241-242. </p> <br /> <p>Remarkable as the 1807 memoir was for its originality in the introduction and application of Fourier series it actually went beyond standard Fourier series in its discussion of heat flow in bodies with curved boundaries. The study of heat flow in a sphere led to non-periodic series such as</p> <br /> <p>a1 sin n1x a2 sin n2x a3 sin n3x .</p> <br /> <p>where n1 n2 n3 . instead of being integers or integer multiples of a fixed quantity are roots of the equation</p> <br /> <p>nX / tan nX = constant</p> <br /> <p>where X is a constant. When Fourier considered heat flow in a cylinder trigonometric series did not work: they had to be replaced by what are now known as 'Bessel functions' and Fourier developed many of their basic properties more than a decade before Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel introduced them in his astronomical work.</p> <br /> <p>"Not surprisingly the examiners of Fourier's 1807 memoir found several points of concern. The equations to represent the propagation of heat in the first place were far from well-established and so the versions given here needed careful scrutiny. Then there were the methods used to solve them. The equations themselves were all 2nd-order linear partial differential equations and the basic routine of separating the variables if unusual was not new; but after that there were the most surprising developments . the main bone of contention was Lagrange's doubt over the use of all those trigonometric series in forming general solutions to the partial differential equations. Further explanations were called for and during 1808 and 1809 a detailed discussion of the convergence and mode of representation of the series</p> <br /> <p>½x = sin x - ½ sin 2x ⅓ sin 3x - .</p> <br /> <p>was sent in and also a general paper on convergence and other difficulties. Finally after some coercion the examiners proposed a prize problem on 2 January 1810: 'Give the mathematical theory of heat and compare the result of this theory with exact experiments.' The entries had to be in by 1 October 1811. Fourier revised the old paper reordering some of its material and suppressing many of its diagrams but preserving all the main results and adding some new sections; and he managed to get the paper to Paris just in time. Haüy and Malus replaced Monge on the examiners' panel but the most important judges were still Laplace and Lagrange. Laplace seems to have been quite pleased-he had already made one encouraging reference to the original paper in 1809-but Lagrange was still hostile . So Fourier had won the prize-but with criticism which he always resented" Grattan-Guinness 1969 pp. 231-232.</p> <br /> <p>From a modern point of view some of Lagrange's criticisms were justified particularly those relating to the question of convergence of Fourier series and of whether 'any' function could be expanded in a Fourier series. These questions would only be answered decades later especially by Lejeune Dirichlet. "Fourier was not a naive formalist: he could handle problems of convergence quite competently as in his discussion of the series for the saw-tooth function. The leading technical ideas of several basic proofs such as that of Dirichlet on the convergence of the Fourier series can be found in his work. Moreover he saw long before anyone else that term-by-term integration of a given trigonometric series to evaluate the coefficients is no guarantee of its correctness; the completeness of a series is not to be assumed. The great shock caused by his trigonometric expansions was due to his demonstration of a paradoxical property of equality over a finite interval between algebraic expressions of totally different form. Corresponding to any function in a very wide class there could be constructed a trigonometric series whose values on an assigned interval are the same as those of the function. As he showed by example the given function could even be a mixture of different algebraic expressions each defined on disjoint subintervals of the basic one. Both trigonometric expansions and arbitrary functions had been used by others including Poisson; but the former were restricted to problems involving periodic phenomena and the latter when they appeared in the solutions of partial differential equations were assumed by their nature to be incapable of an algebraic expression" DSB.</p> <br /> <p>With no prospect of publication of his 1811 prize memoir Fourier began a third version of the work this time in the form of a book which he would publish separately. This was near completion by 1814 when the biggest upset of his life occurred-the fall of Napoleon. Following this he went to Paris to try to follow the intellectual life he had always wanted and to get his prize paper and book printed. The printing of the book was almost complete by 1816 when an abstract was published in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique Series 2 Vol. 3. With the restoration of the monarchy the old Académie des Sciences was reinstituted and Fourier gained election to it at the second attempt in 1817. The Théorie analytique was finally published in 1822 and the prize paper in 1824-26 following which Fourier was elected secrétaire perpétuel of the Académie to succeed Delambre and in 1827 to the Académie Française. He died in 1830 as the result of complications from an illness contracted in Egypt.</p> <br /> <p>"But what had happened to the original paper of 1807 During Fourier's own lifetime it seems to have been kept in the archives of the Académie des Sciences; but sometime after his death it vanished and remained missing until 1890. Then Darboux prepared an incomplete edition of Fourier's works and announced its discovery in the library of the École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees in Paris. He gave the impression of subtle detection on his part but in fact he might well have noticed its clear listing in the Catalogue of Manuscripts of the library which had recently been published. So exactly sixty years after its author's death it had been found again" Grattan-Guinness 1969 pp. 231-233. It was finally published by Grattan-Guinness in 1972.</p> <br /> <p>The Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique first appeared in July 1791 with tome I covering the period up to 1798 tome II 1799-1800 and tome III 1801-4. Publication was then interrupted until October 1807 when it resumed under the title Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences par la Société Philomathique with three volumes covering the period up to 1813. A third series then began under the title Bulletin des Sciences publication of which continued until 1826. </p> <br /> <p>Dibner 154; En Français dans le Texte 232; Evans 37; Roberts & Trent Bibliotheca Mechanica p. 118; Sparrow 68; Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics Grattan-Guinness ed. 26; Norman 824 all for the 1822 Théorie analytique. Gillmor Review of Grattan-Guinness 1972 Technology and Culture 14 1973 pp. 501-503. González-Velasco 'Connections in mathematical analysis: the case of Fourier series' American Mathematical Monthly 99 1992 427-41. Grattan-Guinness 'Joseph Fourier and the revolution in mathematical physics' Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications 5 1969 pp. 230-253. Grattan-Guinness Joseph Fourier 1768-1830. A survey of his life and work based on a critical edition of his monograph on the propagation of heat presented to the Institut de France in 1807 1972. Gray The real and the complex: A history of analysis in the 19th century 2015. For the history of the Société Philomathique and its Bulletin see: Bertholet 'Sur les publications de la Société philomathique et ses origins' Journal des savants 1888 pp. 477-493.</p> <br/> <br/> Large 4to 280 x 212 mm comprising the Nouveau Bulletin of Oct-Dec 1807 nos. 1-3 Oct-Dec 1808 nos. 4-15 Jan-Dec and 1809 nos. 16-24 Jan-Sep. Original interim boards a little rubbed. A very fine copy in original state. Bernard unknown
181644516Paris Crochard 1816-25. Bound in 2 fine recent hmorocco. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Redigées par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago" Tome I IV IX X XI XV XVII XX XXI XXIII XXVIII and XXIX. Some memoirs with scattered brownspots. All but volume 15 with the orig. titlepages to the volumes. Vol. XV having instead of the titlepage a sample of the orig. printed wrappers December issue 1820. Bound at end of volume 2. The memoir no. 25a below is inserted at the end of volume 2. Some of the memoirs having textillustrations. Some versos of titlepages with stamps. <br/><br/><em>First appearances of this groundbreaking series of papers and memoirs in which Fresnel established the scientific basis for the wave theory of light and gave the theoretical framework for explaining in the context of his theory of the transversal nature of lightwaves the phenomena of double refraction refraction dispersion polarization interference diffraction patterns diffraction fringes as light spreads around objects etc. He developed mathematically the hypothesis of the wave nature of light and he demonstrates its conformity with experience. His study of light was a dynamic interplay between theory and observation between mathematics and experiment. - The offered series also comprises the contributions from Arago and the rapports from The French Academy's committees by Ampère Biot and Fourier - see below nos. 6111415a.nd 18."From the point of view of method his investigations extended from the manual operations of the laboratory to the most abstract mathematical analyses. Few physicists since Newton had been so versatile."Silliman in "Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences" vol. 4 p. 155."The wave-thory at this time was still encumbered with difficulties. Diffraction was not satisfactorily explained; for polarization no explanation of any kind was forthcoming; the Huygenian construction appeared to require two different luminiferous media within double refracting bodies; and the universality of that construction had been impugned by Brewster's discovery of biaxial crystals. The upholders of the emission theory emboldened by the success of Laplace's theory of double refraction thought the time ripe for their final triunph; and as a step to this in March 1817 they proposed Diffration as the subject of the Academy's prize for 1818. Their expectation was disappointed; and the successful memoir afforded the first of a series of reverses of which in the short space of seven years the corpuscular theory was completely owerthrown. The author was Augustin Fresnel."Whittaker "A History of the Theories of Aether & Electricity" vol. 1 p.107 ff."This concept of transverse waves met with the greatest hostility from the scientists of the day who could not imagine an extremely fluid and rarified ether which at the same time possessed the mechanical properties of a rigid body. Even Arago admitted that he could not follow the exuberant engineer in his ideas. ButFresnel was convinced that at last he had the key to many mysteries and with his model of waves he gave a full clarification of the phenomena of polarization. With insuperable precision he explained a long series of extremely complicated experiments such as those of chromatic polarization that Arago himself had discovered by chance in 1811 and which the followers of Newton could not explain in spite of all their efforts. Following this line Fresnel reached the synthesis which is his masterpiece.we must recall the final interpretation that he gave of the famous phenomenon of partial reflection by transparent surfaces that simple phenomenon which until then had puzzled Grimaldi Newton and Huygens and which in Malus's experiments had unexpectedly acquired a special importencee as it had been compared to the great mystery of double refraction."Ronchi "The Nature of Light" p. 255 ff.Comprising:1. Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la lumière où l'on examine particululièrement le phénomène des franges colorées que présentent les ombres des corps éclairés par un point lumineux. "Ann.Chim.P." Tome 1. 1816. With titlepage to vol. 1. Pp. 239-281 and 1 folded engraved plate.2. Extrait d'une Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago sur l'influence de la chaleur dans les couleurs développées par la polarisation.Tome 4. 1817. With titlepage to vol. 4. Pp. 298-300.3. Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago sur l'influence du mouvement terrestres dans quelques phénomènes terrestres dans quelques phénoménes d'optique. Tome 9. 1818. With titlepage to vol. 18. Pp. 57-70.4. Note additionelle à la Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago insérée dans le dernier Cahier des Annales. Tome 9. 1818. Pp. 286-287.5. FRESNEL & ARAGO. Sur l'Action que le rayons de lumiére polarisés exercent les uns sur les autres. Tome 10. 1819. With titlepage to vol. 10. Pp. 288-305. - Also with "Extrait d'un ouvrage du P. Grimaldi intitulé: Traité physico-mathérmatique de la lumiere des couleurs et de l'iris". Pp. 306-312.6. ARAGO. Rapport par M. Arago à l'Academie des Sciences au nom de la Commission qui avait été chargée d'examiner les Mémoires envoyés au concours pour le prix de la diffraction. Tome 11. 1819. With titlepage to vol. 11. Pp. 5-30.7. Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la Lumiere. Extrait. This importent Price-Memoir was only printed in full in 1826. Tome 11. 1819. Pp. 246-296.8. Suite Du Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la Lumière. Tome 11. 1819. Pp. 337-378. Note sur des Essais ayant pour but de décomposer l'eau avec un aimant. Pp. 219-222.9. Note sur des Essais ayant pour but de décomposer l'eau avec un aimant. Tome 15. 1820. Pp. 219-222. No titlepage to vol. 15.10. Résume d'un Mémoire sur la Reflexion de la lumière. Tome 15. 1820. Pp. 379-386. Tome 15 is here represented with the last issue of the year Decembre 1820 pp. 337-448 and instead of the titlepage having the orig. printed wrappers bound at end of the second volume.11. ARAGO & AMPÈRE. Rapport fait à l'Academie des Sciences le lundi 4 juin 1821 sur un Mémoire de M. Fresnel relatif aux couleurs des lames cristallisées douées de la double réfraction. Tome 17. 1821. Titlepage to vol. 17. Pp. 80-102.12. Note sur le Calcul des teintes que la polarisation développe dans les lames cristallisées. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 102-111.13. IIe Note sur la Coloration des lames cristallisées. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 167-196.14. BIOT. Remarques de M. Biot sur un Rapport lu le 4 juin 1821 à l'Academie des Sciences par MM. Arago et Ampere. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 225-258.15. ARAGO. Examen des Remarques de M. Biot. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 258-273. 16. Addition à la IIe Note insérée dans le Cahier précédent par M. Fresnel. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 312-315.17. Note sur les remarques de M. Biot publiées dans le Cahier précédent. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 393-403.18. FOURIER AMPÈRE ET ARAGO. Rapport fait à l'Academie sur un Mémoire de M. Fresnel relatif à la double réfraction. Commission: Fourier Ampère et Arago. Tome 20 1822. With titlepage to vol. 20. Pp. 337-344.19. Note sur la double réfraction du verre comprimé. Tome 20. 1822. Pp. 376-383.20. Explication de la Réfraction dans le système des ondes. Tome 21 1822. Titlepage to vol. 21. Pp. 225-241. LAGRANGE. Sur la Théorie de la lumière d'Huygens. Pp. 241-246.21. Sur l'Ascension des nuages dans l'atmosphère. Tome 21 1822. Pp. 260-263.22. Réponse de M. Fresnel à la Lettre de M. Poisson insérée dans le tome XXII des Annales p. 270. Tome 23 1823. Titlepage to vol. 23. Pp. 32-49.23. Note sur le Phénomène des anneaux colorés. Tome 23 1823. Pp. 129-134.24. Suite de la Réponse de M.A. Fresnel à la Lettre de M. Poisson. Tome 23 1823. Pp. 113-122.25. Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la double Réfraction particulière que présente le cristal de roche dans la irection de son axe. Tome 28 1825. Titlepage to vol. 28. Pp. 147-161. 25 a Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la double Réfraction. Tome 28 1825. Pp. 263-279. According to Buchwald "The Rise of the Wave Theory opf Light" p. 462 these 2 extracts composes the entire memoire.26. Note sur la Répulsion que des corps échauffés exercent les uns sur les autres à des distances sensibles. Lue à l'Institut le 13 juin 1825. Tome 29 1825. Titlepage to vol. 29. Pp. 57-62.27. Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la Loi des modifications imprimées à la lumière polarisée par sa réflexion totale dans l'intérieur des corps transparens. Tome 29 1825. Pp. 175-187. This paper was never printed in full. </em> unknown
18081512110020A Leipzig Lyon: Peizin 1808-01-01. First Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. First edition of Fourier's first work. Condition: iv 425 3 folding table. Bound in modern quarter leather. Original marbled boards. Gilt spine. Marbled page ends. Shelf wear to boards. <br> Signature of Frederick York Powell 1898. Powell was a noted English historian and scholar. Additional signature of L. Kennedy 1905. Fourier written in blue ink on title page. Pencil notes to end blanks in Kennedy's handwriting. <br>Refs: En Francais dans le texte 218; Arthur Bestor Backwoods Utopias p. 13; Barbier IV 704; Del Bo Fourier p. 5; Gimon 82; Goldsmiths'-Kress 19750; Weller II 264; OCLC: Stanford Cornell St. Gallen and Edinburgh; see R. Schaer G. Claeys and L.T.Sargent Utopia The Search for the Ideal Society in the Western World 2000 pp. 208 ff. Fourier was a radical thinker who created a plan for an ideal society. He respected the industry and intelligence of children acknowledged the validity of same sex relationships and androgyny and coined the term feminism. <br> Theorie des quatres mouvements Theory of four movements first edited in 1808 and reworked up to its final draft of 1841 is the first fundamental work in which Fourier declares his objectives for a world government and economy administered by Passionate Attraction "a theory of universal Harmony that springs from the ruins of uncertain sciences" the only possibility in his terms of transforming society "remediating everything from the most scandalous social disorders to poverty". Going against morals and ideologies that preach poverty and mediocrity Fourier defends opulence luxury gluttony and sensuality for all. He argued that a natural social order exists corresponding to Newton's ordering of the physical universe and that both evolved in eight ascending periods. In harmony the highest stage man's emotions would be freely expressed. That stage could be created he contended by dividing society into phalanges. <br> The phalange in Fourier's conception was to be a cooperative agricultural community bearing responsibility for the social welfare of the individual characterized by continual shifting of roles among its members. He felt that phalanges would distribute wealth more equitably than under capitalism and that they could be introduced into any political system including a monarchy. The individual member of a phalange was to be rewarded on the basis of the total productivity of the phalange. <br><br> A Leipzig [Lyon: Peizin] hardcover
183051179Paris Firmin Didot Frères 1830 1831. 4to. Contemp. hcalf. Richly gilt spine. A paperlabel pasted on top of spine. 4XXIV258 pp. and 1 folded engraved plate. A few minor brownspots. A fine wide-margined copy. <br/><br/><em>Scarce first edition with the reprinted titlepage 1831 instead of 1830.Fourier's "Analyse des equations determines" constitutes a highly important work on the theory of equations a work which occupied Fourier throughout his life and the last thing that he wrote. The work contains numerous theories that had not previously been published e.g. his method of solution and applications of linear qualities due to which he actually anticipated linear programming.The work was of great importance to Fourier himself who had attempted to publish some of his important results on the subject as early as 1789 and who later ended up in a priority-dispute due to the much delayed publication of one of these results the Fourier-Budan theorem. His final opus constitutes his final preparation of the Fourier-theorem as well as many other important theories and results connected to his theory of equations and it thus presents us with his final views on this important science. "He had almost finished only the first two of its seven "livres". His friend Navier edited it for publication in 1831 inserting an introduction to establish from attested documents including the delayed 1789 paper Fourier's priority on results which had by then become famous. Perhaps Fourier was aware that he would not live to finish the work for he wrote a synopsis of the complete book which also appeared in this edition. The synopsis indicated his wide interests in the subject of which the most important not yet mentioned were various means of distinguishing between real and imaginary roots refinements of the Newton-Raphson method of approximating to the root of an equation extensions to Daniel Bernoulli's rule for the limiting value of the ratio of successive terms of a recurrent series and the method of solution and applications of linear inequalities. Fourier's remarkable understanding of the last subject makes him the great anticipator of linear programming." D.S.B. V:98. - Honeyman IV:1361. </em> unknown
183042087Paris Firmin Didot Frères 1830 1831. 4to. Orig. clothbacked boards. Red titlelabel in paper with gilt lettering on spine. Spine faded and with small nicks to titlelabel and spine. Light wear to spine ends. 4XXIV258 pp. and 1 folded engraved plate. Htitle a bit browned. A few scattred brownspots. A wide-margined copy. <br/><br/><em>Scarce first edition with the reprinted titlepage 1831 instead of 1830.Fourier's "Analyse des equations determines" constitutes a highly important work on the theory of equations a work which occupied Fourier throughout his life and the last thing that he wrote. The work contains numerous theories that had not previously been published e.g. his method of solution and applications of linear qualities due to which he actually anticipated linear programming.The work was of great importance to Fourier himself who had attempted to publish some of his important results on the subject as early as 1789 and who later ended up in a priority-dispute due to the much delayed publication of one of these results the Fourier-Budan theorem. His final opus constitutes his final preparation of the Fourier-theorem as well as many other important theories and results connected to his theory of equations and it thus presents us with his final views on this important science. "He had almost finished only the first two of its seven "livres". His friend Navier edited it for publication in 1831 inserting an introduction to establish from attested documents including the delayed 1789 paper Fourier's priority on results which had by then become famous. Perhaps Fourier was aware that he would not live to finish the work for he wrote a synopsis of the complete book which also appeared in this edition. The synopsis indicated his wide interests in the subject of which the most important not yet mentioned were various means of distinguishing between real and imaginary roots refinements of the Newton-Raphson method of approximating to the root of an equation extensions to Daniel Bernoulli's rule for the limiting value of the ratio of successive terms of a recurrent series and the method of solution and applications of linear inequalities. Fourier's remarkable understanding of the last subject makes him the great anticipator of linear programming." D.S.B. V:98. - Honeyman IV:1361. </em> hardcover
1833EXP4-G-1Paris: L'Imprimerie Royale 1833. Cloth. Good. 10.5" by 8.5". None. A scarce collection of four volumes of Recherchés Statistiques sur la Ville de Paris et le Département de la Seine. Recueil de Tableaux Dressés et Réunis d'après les Ordres de Monsieur le Comte de Chabrol Conseiller d'État Préfet du Département. Consisting of numerous tables of statistics including some that fold-out fifty-nine tables to volume one; one hundred and four tables to volume two; one hundred and thirty-two tables to volume three and one hundred and forty-five tables to volume four. With reports and memoirs to rear of three volumes. Twelfth edition. In French. Statistical research on the City of Paris and the Department of the Seine. Compendium of of tables together and prepared according to the orders of the Count de Chabrol State Councilor Prefect of the Department. Comte Gilbert Joseph Gaspard de Chabrol de Volvic 1773 - 1843 was a French official. Graduating from an École Polytechnique in 1794 he was named prefect of the Seine and thus Prefect of Paris by Napoleon in 1812 an office he held until 1833. He is to be credited with paving several of Paris's streets and boulevards the creation of pavements and the gradual conversion of city lighting to gaslight. He also created and financed the École d'Architecture et de Sculpture de Volvic. This work is attributed to Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier 1768 - 1830 a French mathematician and physicist best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations. The Fourier transform and Fourier's Law are also named in his honour. Fourier is also generally credited with the discovery of the greenhouse effect. With presentation labels for the Statistical Society of London to half title to Volume IV. Previous owner's copperplate ink inscription to half title to volume two. In cloth bindings. Externally generally smart but with slight wear to extremities and occasional marks to boards. Internally firmly bound. Bright and generally clean but with foxing to endpapers and institutional ink stamps and slight handling marks some volumes with scattered foxing occasional slight tidemarks and marks to pages. With the odd closed tear and repairs to title of volume three. Good L'Imprimerie Royale hardcover
18313766781Paris 1831. This book has hardback covers. Ex-library With usual stamps and markings In fair condition suitable as a study copy. Covers held on with tape. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item850grams ISBN: hardcover
181641346Paris Crochard 1816 181718171820 1824 1824 1825. Without wrappers as issued in: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago.". Vol. 3 pp. 350-375. - Vol. 4 pp. 128-145. - Vol. 6 pp. 259-303. - Vol. 13 pp. 418-38. - Vol. 27 pp. 136-167. - Vol. 27 pp. 236-281. - Vol. 28 pp. 337-365. <br/><br/><em>All first edition and first appearances of papers forecasting the more elaborated theories which he published in his famous work "La Therorie analytique de la chaleur. 1822". His analytical mathematical method that any continous function can be represented as a sum of sine and cosine curves is here applied to physical problems f.i. his treatment of the warming and cooling of the earth and terrestrial temperatures f.i. the papers offred here no.1 2 4 5 a. 6. The theory of terrestrial temperatures played a central role in Fourier's mathematical physics.An. 1. Description of the 4to volume which was afterwards published in 1822 without the chapters on radiant heat the solar heat as it effects the earth the comparison of analysis with the experiment and the history of rise and progress of the theory of heat. As such the paper contains importent applications and results not described in "Theorie analytique.1822."An. 2. This is a mathematiccal sketch on the sine law of emission of heat from a surface. The authors paradox on the hypothesis of equal intensity of emission in all directions is here proved.An. 3. An elegant physical treatise on the discoveries of Newton Pictet Wells Wollaston Leslie and Prevost.An. 4. A Sketch of a memoir mathematical and descriptive on the waste of the earth's initial heat.An. 5. A descriptive memoir read before the Academy 20. a. 29. Sept 1824 and later published in "Memoires de l'Academy." Tome VII 1827.An. 6. An elementary analytical account of surface-emissions and absorption based on the principle of equilibrium of temperature. This paper comes with Poisson's "Observations relatives à un Mémoire sur l'Equilibre d'une masse fluide inséré dans la Transactions philosophique de cette année." Pp. 225-236.An. 7. An elementary analysis of emissionn absorption and reflexion by walls of enclosure uniformly heated. At p. 364 Fopurier promises a "Theorie physique de la chaleur" to contain the applications of the "Theorie analytique" omitted in teis work published 1822. </em> unknown
2002DBS-9781402072246kluwer 2002. 1st. Paperback. New. kluwer paperback
2002DBS-9781402072246kluwer 2002. 1st. Paperback. New. kluwer paperback
1821166040Paris: C. Ballard 1821. First edition of the first of Fourier's demographic surveys of Paris giving the most detailed to date account up to that point of the Parisian population. Fourier was appointed director of the Bureau of Statistics of the department of the Seine by his former pupil Chabrol de Volvic the prefect of the department. His demographic surveys of Paris and its environs published in a regular series showed how the population was structured by age and mortality rates among these ages. The tables include details on meteorology population movements public assistance deaths agriculture the fine arts industry and commerce. Octavo 199 x 124 mm. With 63 statistical tables on 38 folding plates. Contemporary black straight-grain sheep by P. Purgold stamped in gilt to spine smooth spine gilt in compartments gilt rule border to covers gilt turn-ins marbled endpapers gilt edges. Very minor bumping very light foxing at beginning and end short closed tear at head of pp. ix/x not into text else a fresh clean copy. Einaudi 1961; Kress 3488; Westergaard Contributions to the History of Statistics pp. 113-6. unknown
181659819Paris Crochard 1816. 8vo. In contemporary half calf. Spine with gilt lettering. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." Sweries 2 tome 3. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. and 3 engraved plates. Library stamps to verso of title-page and verso of plates. Fourier's paper: pp. 350-375. A few scattered brownspots. <br/><br/><em>First appearance in print of any part of Fourier's landmark work "Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur" which was published in 1822. The 2 large memoirs of 1811 out of which - together with the offered memoir - grew his landmark work were only published in 1824 and 1826. The volume contains also original papers by LAPLACE GAY-LUSSAC MAGENDIE PRONY HUMBOLDT BIOT etc.etc. "In 1816 Fourier published a paper the paper offered announcing the imminent appearance of a book on both the mathematical and the physical aspects of heat Fourie 1816; but six years were to pass before a book was published and it covered only the mathematical sides. In the 'preliminary discourse' he stated that its writing and printing had taken a long time p. xvii." Grattan-Guiness "Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940" p.356. </em> unknown
181649626Paris Crochard 1816. Contemp. hcloth. Spine with gilt lettering. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." Sweries 2 tome 3. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. a. 3 engraved plates. A library stamp to some upper corners. Fourier's paper: pp. 350-375. A few scattered brownspots. <br/><br/><em>First appearance in print of any part of Fourier's landmark work "Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur" which was published in 1822. The 2 large memoirs of 1811 out of which - together with the offered memoir - grew his landmark work were only published in 1824 and 1826.The volume contains also original papers by LAPLACE GAY-LUSSAC MAGENDIE PRONY HUMBOLDT BIOT etc.etc."In 1816 Fourier published a paper the paper offered announcing the imminent appearance of a book on both the mathematical and the physical aspects of heat Fourie 1816; but six years were to pass before a book was published and it covered only the mathematical sides. In the 'preliminary discourse' he stated that its writing and printing had taken a long time p. xvii." Grattan-Guiness "Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940" p.356. </em> hardcover
182341869Paris Crochard 1823. 8vo. Without wrappers as extracted from: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." Vol. 22 pp. 375-389. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of this paper revealing the results of experiments with the galvanic elements using pairs of small antimony and bismuth bars welded in series which Oersted performed together with Fourier during his visit to Paris. This constitutes the invention of the first thermo-electrical pile. Oersted and Fourier had found that heat had a significant effect upon the performance of the galvanic element. - "Seebeck seems to have had another theory about this. However I have experimented with the matter and found the conjecture correct. I believe that this discovery will be of far-reaching consequence. The laws for this new effects are I suppose in reality the same as for the galvanic battery; yet this looks so different that I have been obliged to spend a great deal of my time during the last fortnight in discovering and defining them.". In a letter of somewhat later date to prince Christian he states that he has made the experiments "in conjunction with Fourier the secretary of the mathematical department of the Institute". Oersted when reading this paper to the Academy on 31st of March 1823 proposed the name "thermo-electric" for these currents a name which has since been adopted everywhere. Ronalds Catalogue p. 374. - Ørsted Works II p. 272. Stitched together with this paper is "Extrait d'une Lettre de M. Ampere à M. Faraday". Pp. 389-400. First printing. Dealing with electricity. </em> unknown
188338901Breslau: Henry Hall. Good with no dust jacket. 1883. Leather. B&W Illustrations; Herein is the first mathematical study of heat diffusion originally presented as a paper to the Academie des Sciences in 1807. Based his reasoning on Newton's law of cooling namely that the flow of heat between two adjacent molecules is proportional to the extremely small difference of their temperatures. Here were three important contributions in this work one purely mathematical two essentially physical. In mathematics Fourier claimed that any function of a variable whether continuous or discontinuous can be expanded in a series of sines of multiples of the variable. Though this result is not correct without additional conditions Fourier's observation that some discontinuous functions are the sum of infinite series was a breakthrough. Fourier was famous for being the first to recognize and describe the greenhouse effect causing global warming in 1824-1827 This is the 1822 edition reprinting by Henry Hall in Berlin in 1883 itself a fairly scarce item. Covers detached. Textblock is solid and clean. 2 full page plates in the back dsiplaying 20 figures numerous equations and charts throughout. Large Paper. French Language. No markings. Presumably the M. In 'M. Fourier' stands for Mr or Monsieur. No record of this coming to auction. . Henry Hall hardcover
63143121Springer 1st Edition . Papeback. Used. Springer unknown
182443911Paris Crochard 1824. Without wrappers. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." tome 27 Cahier 3. Pp. 225-336. Entire issue offered. Fourier's paper: pp. 236-281. <br/><br/><em>First printing of this importent paper dealing with the "Green-House-Effect". It is the second paper from 1824 in which Fourier investigates the connection between the temperature of the earth and radiation. Fourier's analysis in these two papers is widely recognized as the first proposal of what is now known as the greenhouse effect theory.In the 1820s Fourier calculated that an object the size of the Earth and at its distance from the Sun should be considerably colder than the planet actually is if warmed only by the effects of incoming solar radiation. He examined various possible sources of the additional observed heat in articles published in 1824 the paper offered is the second of the papers published 1824 and 1827. While he ultimately suggested that interstellar radiation might be responsible for a large portion of the additional warmth Fourier's consideration of the possibility that the Earth's atmosphere might act as an insulator of some kind is widely recognized as the first proposal of what is now known as the greenhouse effect theory. </em> unknown
182549126Paris Crochard 1825. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Some scratches tospine. In: Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." Tome 22. 448 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates. Entire volume offered. Oersted's papers: pp. 192-98 199-201 201-203 358-365 a. 375-389 with Fourier. <br/><br/><em>Mostly first editions of these importent and early papers by Oersted on electromagnetism together with the famous joint paper with Fourier.The volume contains other notable papers: Ampére "Extrait d'une lettre de M. Ampère à M. Faraday. Paris 18 Avril 1823" Becquerel "Sur le developpement de l'électricité par la pression Lois de ce développement" PIEZOELECTRICITY discovery Amici "Sur la Chambre claire camera lucida traduit de l'Italien. Poisson "Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la propagation du mouvement dans les fluides ´elastiques." Faraday "Sur la Liquéfaction du plusieur substances" Poisson "Sur le Phénomenes des anneaux colorés" </em> unknown
18788656869Cambridge University Press 1878. First English edition. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has hardback covers. Clean from markings. In good all round condition. Large brown cloth 8vo with black borders on boards and gilt lettering and publisher motif on backstrip. Lightly bumped frayed corners and a two inch split in seam of backstrip. Black end papers. Interior is secure clean and clear except for a moderate amount of foxing. Trimmed. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item1100grams ISBN: Cambridge University Press hardcover
2004DADAX0387229671Springer 2004-10-04. 2005. paperback. New. 7.00x1.00x9.75. Buy with confidence. Excellent Customer Service & Return policy. Springer paperback
184717897Paris: Au bureau de La Phalange 1847. Fine. Au bureau de La Phalange Paris 1847 15 x 22 cm broché First edition of this offprint from the journal La Phalange. Blue-grey temporary wrappers title-label pasted to front cover. Rare and handsome interior condition almost entirely free of foxing. Au bureau de La Phalange unknown
1817516951817. Ann. de Chim. 2 6. - A Prais Chez Crochard Libr. 1817 8° 448 pp. 2 Tafeln feiner Pappband. First appearance of this important memoir in which Fourier gives an account of the Physical theory of heat conduction and radiation. Joseph Fourier 1768-1830 "made observations on the heating power of the Sun and on night-time refrigeration. He conducted experiments on the heating and cooling of objects of different composition and shape and on the transmission absorption and reflection of radiant heat. He employed basic physical principles and formulated mathematical laws to explain and predict universal phenomena such as 'the progressive extinction of heat rays in the atmosphere." James R. Fleming Joseph Fourier the 'greenhouse effect' and the quest for a universal theory of terrestrial temperatures. Endeavour Vol. 232 1999 pp.72-75 unknown
181749605Paris Crochard 1817. Contemp. hcalf. Spine with gilt lettering. Light scratching to spine In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie" 2e Series Tome 6. - 4484 pp. a. 2 engraved plates. The entire volume offered. Fourier's paper: pp. 259-303. Internally clean and fine. Stamps on verso of title-page. <br/><br/><em>First apperance of this importent memoir in which Fourier gives an account of the Physical theory of heat conduction and radiation."Fourier made observations on the heating power of the Sun and on night-time refrigeration. He conducted experiments on the heating and cooling of objects of different composition and shape and on the transmissionabsorption and reflection of radiant heat. He employed basic physical principles and formulated mathematical laws to explain and predict universal phenomena such as ‘the progressive extinction of heat rays in the atmosphere." James R. Fleming.The volume contains other notable papers JOHN MURRAY "Analyse de l'Eau de meret Observations sur l'analyse des sources salées" first edition in French MAGENDIE "Mémoire sur Emploi de l'Acide prussique dans le traitement de plusieurs maladies de poitrine et particulierement dans la phthisie pulmonaire" by Leopol de Buch Gay-Lussac etc. etc. </em> unknown
