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National Science Foundation Authorization; Hearing before the Subcommittee on Science Technology and Space of the Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation United States Senate Ninety-Seventh Congress Second Session on 1983 Authorization for National Science Foundation March 25 1982

198291154Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 1982. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Very good. iii 1 67 1 pages. Wraps. Tabular data. Erasure residue on front cover. Serial No. 97-105. This hearing was part of the legislative process to authorize appropriations for the NSF for the 1983 fiscal year. The United States National Science Foundation NSF is an independent agency of the United States federal government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health. With an annual budget of about $9.9 billion fiscal year 2023 the NSF funds approximately 25% of all federally supported basic research conducted by the United States' colleges and universities. In some fields such as mathematics computer science economics and the social sciences the NSF is the major source of federal backing. NSF's director and deputy director are appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the United States Senate whereas the 24 president-appointed members of the National Science Board NSB do not require U.S. Senate confirmation. The director and deputy director are responsible for administration planning budgeting and day-to-day operations of the foundation while the NSB meets six times a year to establish its overall policies. The U.S. National Science Foundation NSF was established by the National Science Foundation Act of 1950.8 Its stated mission is "to promote the progress of science to advance the national health prosperity and welfare and to secure the national defense".9 The NSF's scope has expanded over the years to include many areas that were not in its initial portfolio including the social and behavioral sciences engineering and science and mathematics education. The NSF is the only U.S. federal agency with a mandate to support all non-medical fields of research. Since the technology boom of the 1980s the U.S. Congress has generally embraced the premise that government-funded basic research is essential for the nation's economic health and global competitiveness and for national defense. This support has manifested in an expanding National Science Foundation budget from $1 billion in 1983 to $8.28 billion in 2020. NSF has published annual reports since 1950 which since the new millennium have been two reports variously called "Performance Report" and "Accountability Report" or "Performance Highlights" and "Financial Highlights"; the latest available FY 2013 Agency Financial Report was posted December 16 2013 and the six-page FY 2013 Performance and Financial Highlights was posted March 25 2013. More recently the NSF has focused on obtaining high return on investment from their spending on scientific research. Various bills have sought to direct funds within the NSF. In 1981 the Office of Management and Budget OMB introduced a proposal to reduce the NSF social sciences directorate's budget by 75%. Economist Robert A. Moffit suggests a connection between this proposal and Democratic senator William Proxmire's Golden Fleece Award series criticizing "frivolous" government spending — Proxmire's first Golden Fleece had been awarded to the NSF in 1975 for granting $84000 to a social science project investigating why people fall in love. Ultimately the OMB's 75% reduction proposal failed but the NSF Economics Program budget did fall 40%. In 2012 political science research was barred from NSF funding by the passage of the Flake Amendment breaking the precedent of granting the NSF autonomy to determine its own priorities. U. S. Government Printing Office paperback

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