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US Senate U SBiblio.com

Senate Documents Vol. 8: 59th Congress 1st Session December 4 1905-June 30 1906 Classic Reprint

US Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works U SBiblio.com

To Provide Compliance With The National Maximum Speed Limit; Hearing before the Subcommittee on Transportation of the Committee on Environment and Public Works United States Senate Ninety-sixth Congress Second Session on s. 1337 A Bill to Amend Title 23 of the United States Code to Provide Greater Compliance with the National Maximum Speed Limit June 3 1980

198091170Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1980. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Good. iii 1 141 7 pages. Wraps. Illustrations. Tabular Data. Serial NO. 96-H50 Front cover and several early pages creased at lower front corner. The National Maximum Speed Law NMSL established in 1974 55 mph and modified in 1987/1988 65 mph was repealed in 1995 returning speed limit authority to states. The original law enforced compliance by withholding federal highway funds which was heavily debated with studies showing it saved 2000–4000 lives annually. Signed by President Nixon in 1974 Public Law 93-239 in response to the 1973 oil crisis to conserve fuel not primarily for safety. The federal government forced compliance by threatening to withhold federal-aid highway funding from states that did not adhere to the 55 mph limit. Congress passed the National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 signed by President Clinton on December 8 1995 which formally repealed the National Maximum Speed Limit returning control to states. Current debates often focus on "safety-conscious" planning rather than national caps with some current legislation such as the DRIVE Act aiming to prevent federal mandates for speed-limiting technology on commercial trucks. Historically Senate hearings and committees often focused on the balance between state autonomy fuel conservation and safety statistics e.g. studies on the 55 mph limit reducing fatalities. The 1974 National Maximum Speed Limit NMSL of 55 mph was enacted to conserve fuel during the oil embargo and reduce traffic fatalities. Congress forced state compliance by threatening to withhold federal highway funds. States monitored compliance using sensors and enforcement with the NMSL repealed in 1995. This law was enacted to conserve fuel and improve safety with the 55-mph limit estimated to have saved thousands of lives. The Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act of 1974 mandated a 55 mph limit withholding federal-aid highway funds from states that did not comply. The Federal Highway Administration FHwA monitored compliance requiring states to submit data on speed enforcement. States used marked patrol cars near monitoring sensors to slow traffic and ensure reported speeds met federal requirements. The NMSL was repealed in 1995 returning authority to set speed limits to individual states. Compliance often met resistance particularly in Western states and enforcement was sometimes criticized as ineffective according to the Hoover Institution and The Heritage Foundation. U.S. Government Printing Office paperback

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US Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs U SBiblio.com

Transfer of Authorities For Implementation of Building Energy Performance Standards; Hearing before the Committee on Governmental Affairs United States Senate Ninety-sixth Congress First Session s. 1604 November 20 1979

198091177Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office 1980. Presumed First Edition First Printing. Wraps. Very good. iii 1 196 pages. Wraps. The Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs held a hearing on November 20 1979 regarding the transfer of authorities for implementing Building Energy Performance Standards BEPS. This hearing often linked to S. 1604 focused on shifting responsibility for implementing energy standards for new buildings mandated by the 1976 Energy Conservation and Production Act. The hearing addressed the transfer of authority for implementing mandatory energy performance standards for new commercial and residential buildings. The discussions related to implementing energy conservation measures to reduce petroleum and natural gas dependence often associated with the oversight of standards mandated by Congress in the mid-1970s. The debate followed the 1976 Act Pub.L. 94-385 which required energy standards for new buildings. This period was characterized by federal attempts to strengthen energy conservation in the built environment through mandated standards which were later further developed in the early 1980s. Among the witnesses were Donald Carter Richard Fleming William Hanna Jr. Clinton Phillips Richard Rowberg Maxine Savitz John Sawhill Herman Smith and Grant Thompson. The transfer of authorities for implementing Building Energy Performance Standards BEPS involves shifting regulatory oversight to specialized environmental agencies such as in Maryland where the Department of the Environment establishes standards or in Montgomery County where the Department of Environmental Protection DEP manages compliance to achieve net-zero goals. These actions often transition authority from local departments to specialized energy/environmental departments to ensure adherence to energy reduction goals such as mandatory retrofits by 2040 and phased reporting for owners. These transfers often occurring through state or local legislation are intended to provide the necessary legal technical and regulatory infrastructure to achieve local or federal climate goals such as those mandated by Executive Order 14057 for federal buildings. U.S. Government Printing Office paperback

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