Economie

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"(CANTILLON, RICHARD).Livre Rare Book

Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en général. Traduit de l'anglois. - [THE FOUNDATION OF ECONOMIC THEORY]

"[EMPEROR ZHU YUANZHANG (MING TAIZU), 1328-1398]Livre Rare Book

1 kuan note. 14th century Ming Dynasty banknote. Original cash value of a string of 1,000 copper coins, or 1 kuan [Kwan]. - [KUAN PAPER-MONEY FROM EARLY MING DYNASTY - THE EARLIEST OBTAINABLE COMMERCIAL PRINTING ON PAPER]

60057[China, Hung-wu era, Printed during the reign of the first Ming emperor, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang (Ming Taizu) (1368-98)] Folio (340 x 225 mm). Woodblock printed on grey mulberry paper. Uncirculated condition (UNC). Ornamentation and text faded, which happens naturally over time with mulberry paper, but legible. Lower left corner slightly rounded, which is also due to the quality of the paper and not due to use.1. Two red (vermilion) seal handstamps, one at each side, are located on the note. These stamps are typically not so clear, because they naturally fade over time. The seals of the notes are what signatures are to modern notes.The red imperial seal is applied on the reverse.2. At the top are six chinese characters ""Ta Ming t'ung Hsing Pao Cha's (Treasure Note of the Great Ming) in regular (K'ai Shu) style. Text is in black.3. The outer frame is ornated with dragon patterns surrounding the text. Ornamentation is in black.4. The upper center is printed with the face value ""1 Kuan"" (One string) in regular (K'ai Shu) style. ""One String"" was at this time equivalent to 1000 copper cash or one tael of purse silver or one-fourth tael of gold.5. The middle center is printed with diagram of ten piles containing ten copper coins, each coin representing the value of 10 cash (this equals 1000 copper cash).6. On both sides of the center are eight chines characters ""Ta Ming Pao Ch'ao, Tien Hsia T'ung Hsing"" (The Great Ming note, circulates everywhere) in real (Chuan Shu) style.7. The lower center is written in chinese and could be translated to ""This Ta Ming Pao Cha'o is printed with the approval of the Emperor through the Hu Pao and used side by side with the copper cash. Those who counterfeit Ta Ming Pai Cha'o will be beheaded while an informant will be rewarded with 250 taels of silver with confiscated property of the convicts into the bargain"".The size of the 1 Kuan note is the largest paper-money ever issued.

Herman H. J. Lynge & Son · Copenhagen, Danemark200 000,00 DKK≈ 26 860,00 €