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Dalian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryBiblio.com

Dalian Chamber of Commerce Statistical Annual Report Part 1 Trade Section 1918 <Japanese Version>

United States Interstate Commerce CommissionBiblio.com

Decisions of the Interstate Commerce Commission of the United States December 1919 To Frebruary 1920: Interstate Commerce Commission Reports Volume 56

192066469Washington DC: Government Printing Office 1920. Hardcover. Good. No dust jacket. xvi 850 pages. Table of cases reported. Table of cases cited. Opinions of the Commission. Supplemental Reparation Orders. Index Digest. Cover has some wear and soiling. Pencil erasure residue on fep. From Wikipedia: "The Interstate Commerce Commission ICC was a regulatory body in the United States created by the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads and later trucking to ensure fair rates to eliminate rate discrimination and to regulate other aspects of common carriers including interstate bus lines and telephone companies. The agency was abolished in 1995 and its remaining functions were transferred to the Surface Transportation Board. The Commission's five members were appointed by the President with the consent of the United States brought into law by President Grover Cleveland. The creation of the commission was the result of widespread and longstanding anti-railroad agitation. Western farmers specifically those of the Grange Movement were the dominant force behind the unrest but Westerners generally especially those in rural areas believed that the railroads possessed economic power that they systematically abused. A central issue was rate discrimination between similarly situated customers and communities. Other potent issues included alleged attempts by railroads to obtain influence over city and state governments and the widespread practice of granting free transportation in the form of yearly passes to opinion leaders elected officials newspaper editors ministers and so on so as to dampen any opposition to railroad practices. Various sections of the Interstate Commerce Act banned "personal discrimination" and required shipping rates to be "just and reasonable." The Commission had a troubled start because the law that created it failed to give it adequate enforcement powers. "The Commission is or can be made of great use to the railroads. It satisfies the popular clamor for a government supervision of the railroads while at the same time that supervision is almost entirely nominal."-William H. H. Miller US Attorney General circa 1889. Following passage of the 1887 act the ICC proceeded to set maximum shipping rates for railroads. However in the late 1890s several railroads challenged the agency's ratemaking authority in litigation and the courts severely limited the ICC's powers. Congress expanded the commission's powers through subsequent legislation. The 1893 Railroad Safety Appliance Act gave the ICC jurisdiction over railroad safety removing this authority from the states and this was followed with amendments in 1903 and 1910. The Hepburn Act of 1906 authorized the ICC to set maximum railroad rates and extended the agency's authority to cover bridges terminals ferries sleeping cars express companies and oil pipelines. A long-standing controversy was how to interpret language in the Act that banned long haul-short haul fare discrimination. The Mann-Elkins Act of 1910 addressed this question by strengthening ICC authority over railroad rates This amendment also expanded the ICC's jurisdiction to include regulation of telephone telegraph and wireless companies." Government Printing Office hardcover

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