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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WASHINGTON DCBiblio.com

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US Senate, Committee on Commerce, Subcommittee of the Subcommittee on Communications U SBiblio.com

Freedom of Communications Final Report of the Committee on Commerce United States Senate Prepared by its Subcommittee of the Subcommittee on Communications Pursuant to S. Res. 305 86th Congress; Part III The Joint Appearances of Senator John F. Kennedy and Vice President Richard M. Nixon and Other 1960 Campaign Presentations 87th Congress 1st Session Senate Rept. 994 Part 3

196180525Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 1961. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Good. xiv 699 3 pages. Wraps. Cover has some wear and soiling. 51 entries listed in the Table of Contents. Index. Laid in is a handwritten note by Senator Warren Magnuson then Chairman of the Committee on Commerce on a United States Senate Memorandum sheet that says "I thought you would be interested in this. Warren Magnuson USS". From the Preface "Parts I II and III of the Final Report constitute a unique record in American Political History. For the first time we have the complete press conferences speeches remarks and statement of the two major candidates for the Presidency throughout the presidential campaign period. Here then is the presidential campaign of 1960. I Chairman Magnuson am confident the Senate and the public will find these volumes of continuing interest and use as a general reference work." NOTE: This final version has additional material which was not available to the subcommittee at the time of the original subcommittee print of July 27 1961 as well as a comprehensive index. The 1960 United States presidential election was the 44th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday November 8 1960. In a closely contested election Democrat United States Senator John F. Kennedy defeated incumbent Vice President Richard Nixon the Republican Party nominee. This was the first election in which fifty states participated and the last in which the District of Columbia did not. It was also the first election in which an incumbent president was ineligible to run for a third term because of the term limits established by the 22nd Amendment. It is also the last election where the losing candidate won Ohio. Nixon faced little opposition in the Republican race to succeed popular incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower. Kennedy a junior U.S. Senator from Massachusetts established himself as the Democratic front-runner with his strong performance in the 1960 Democratic primaries including a key victory in West Virginia over United States Senator Hubert Humphrey. He defeated Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson on the first presidential ballot of the 1960 Democratic National Convention and asked Johnson to serve as his running mate. The issue of the Cold War dominated the election as tensions were high between the United States and the Soviet Union. Kennedy won a 303 to 219 Electoral College victory and is generally considered to have won the national popular vote by 112827 a margin of 0.17 percent though some argue that Nixon should be credited with the popular vote victory as the issue of the popular vote was complicated by the presence of several unpledged electors in the Deep South. Fourteen unpledged electors from Mississippi and Alabama cast their vote for Senator Harry F. Byrd as did a faithless elector from Oklahoma. The 1960 presidential election was the closest election since 1916 and this closeness can be explained by a number of factors. Kennedy benefited from the economic recession of 1957-58 which hurt the standing of the incumbent Republican Party and he had the advantage of 17 million more registered Democrats than Republicans. Furthermore the new votes that Kennedy the first Roman Catholic president gained among Catholics almost neutralized the new votes Nixon gained among Protestants. Kennedy's campaigning skills decisively outmatched Nixon's who wasted time and resources campaigning in all fifty states while Kennedy focused on campaigning in populous swing states. Nixon's emphasis on his experience carried little weight for most voters. Kennedy used his large well-funded campaign organization to win the nomination secure endorsements and with the aid of the big-city bosses get out the vote in the big cities. Kennedy relied on Johnson to hold the South and used television effectively. U. S. Government Printing Office paperback

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