John Stephen BartlettBiblio.com
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1396620761.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1853649231853. Boston Med. Surg. J. 48/ 4-6. - Boston David Clapp Wednesday February 23 March 2 and 9 1853 8° pp.69-128 fine wrappers. First Edition! "In 1853 Edwin Leigh wrote a Boylston Prize winning essay entitled "The Philosophy of Medical Science" and subtitled it with "special reference" to Bartlett's Essay. Leigh's essay is probably the most philosophically sophisticated of the critiques of Bartlett's own day. Leigh insightfully remarks that even the most earnest empiricists who will not admit to any "philosophy in science" will insist upon "their peculiar philosophy of science". No one can study science or medicine without some philosophy. Articulating this philosophy is of course just what Bartlett was doing. Leigh admires what Bartlett is trying to do but doubts whether his philosophy is the correct one. Science cannot be only "observed facts." Leigh argues that Bartlett's philosophy is not based upon observation; hence it amounts only to the sort of speculation that he is trying to be rid of. There must be some fundamental principles that allow the observation of phenomena in the first place. Leigh further criticizes Bartlett for arguing that because some facts cannot be proved from other facts therefore no facts can be proved from other facts. This is clearly fallacious reasoning. Leigh admits that all particular facts ought to be confirmed by observation. But this does not mean that there are never sufficient reasons for arguing from one class of facts to another. For example by our knowledge of anatomy of the urinary system we know that the kidney must secrete urine. Yet the kidney actually secreting urine had not at that time been observed. Hence the fact must have been established through reasoning. Therapeutics depends largely upon reasoning from cause to effect. Reasoning by exclusion results in facts but these are not observed facts. Laws of uniformity and laws of causation to which Bartlett refers on pages 79 and 87 of his Essay are not arrived at by observation. The great vice of Bartlett's theory according to Leigh is that it excludes from science all its "ideas thought truths and principles leaving nothing but an array of lifeless material facts". Leigh plausibly argues that "a law is a general truth proved by the facts and not a general phenomenon observed in the facts." It is not as Bartlett 148 175 220 says the phenomena and the relationships themselves. General truths for Leigh are deduced from particular facts. For example "vertebrae" is a general concept arising from the observation of many like bones. This seems to be just what Bartlett has in mind when he talks about arranging and classifying. Yet Leigh argues that laws comprise another ontological level and are not simply the phenomena themselves arranged and classified. Leigh admits that we must rid ourselves of as many previously-formed opinions as possible so that we can be impartial observers free of scientific prejudice. But it is impossible to observe the phenomena of nature with no ideas about what we might expect to find. The human mind just cannot do this. Leigh thus nods to Kant's categories. Bartlett alludes to the imperfection of science. But are such imperfections removed by eliminating hypothesis and reasoning from medical science According to Leigh most error comes not from faulty reasoning but from imperfect observation. The only remedy for this is "sound judgment and clear discrimination in the observer". Science should drive away "ridiculous theories absurd hypotheses and false doctrines" but Bartlett has also driven away "rational hypotheses" which are like partial truths from which we discover the complete truth. " William E. Stempsey Ed.: Elisha Bartlett's Philosophy of Medicine 2005 pp.23-24 unknown
0266759033.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
2013Q-1781350906Independent Thinking Press 2013-10-29. Hardcover. New. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! Independent Thinking Press hardcover
015209Hong Kong: Roundhouse 1997 A very large book promoting the legendary Hong Kong hotel. With a history of the building since its 1928 opening through its 1994 expansion. With an emphasis on its current design amenities and luxury attributes.Second edition. 35.5 cm; 224 pp.; illustrated. A fine copy in a fine dust jacket. Hong Kong: Roundhouse, 1997 unknown
0141009152New. Brand new and still unused unknown
134138Paperback. Book Condition: Very Good. Penguin Books 2002. 320 pages. Nice Firm Clean copy ! Light general wear. Size: 11.8 x 7.6 x 1. History::Britain History::Ireland 6097L paperback
2002b26536xPenguin Books 2002-05-31. paperback. Very Good. 7x1x11. Book is in very nice condition text is unmarked and pages are tight. Penguin Books paperback
2002Q-0141009152Penguin Books 2002-06-25. Paperback. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! Penguin Books paperback
2004Q-0140514848Penguin UK 2004-03-01. Paperback. New. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! Penguin UK paperback
2002Q-0743222288The Free Press 2002-04-09. Hardcover. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! The Free Press hardcover
20058660133Charles C. Thomas Publisher 2005. This is an ex-library book and may have the usual library/used-book markings inside.This book has soft covers. Book contains pen pencil & highlighter markings. In poor condition suitable as a reading copy. Please note the Image in this listing is a stock photo and may not match the covers of the actual item1050grams ISBN:0398075581 Charles C. Thomas Publisher paperback
0398075581.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
20051-0398075581Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd 2005. Paperback. New. 1st edition. 359 pages. 10.00x7.00x1.00 inches. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd paperback
2005__0398075581Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd 2005. Paperback. New. 1st edition. 359 pages. 10.00x7.00x1.00 inches. Charles C Thomas Pub Ltd paperback
134073673X.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
0364753188.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1330746007.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
B9781165927470New. unknown
0666056374.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
6351233Springer pp. 140 1st Edition . Papeback. New. Springer unknown
1975Q-9024751330Springer 1975-07-01. Paperback. New. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! Springer paperback
1140616536New. Brand new and still unused unknown
1010445294.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
110466268X.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
