Israel

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Goldman Solomon; Cohen Boaz; Albright W. F.; Baron Salo W.; Bickerman Elias J.; Efros Israel; Gandz Solomon; Ginsberg H.ABAA

ISRAELABAA

Israelâ€™s Declaration of Independence - Scarce Official Gazette

194825671.10The first issue of the Official Gazette of the Israeli provisional government contains the first printing of "The Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel" the new nation's Declaration of Independence. The names of the 37 members of the Provisional Government who signed the document headed by David Ben-Gurion 1886-1973 are listed on the second page. ISRAEL.Newspaper. Iton Rishmi Official Gazette May 14 1948. Bulletin. Tel Aviv Israel: Provisional Government of Israel. In Hebrew. 3 pp. 8 x 13 in. Excerpt:"WE EXTEND our hand to all neighbouring states and their peoples in an offer of peace and good neighbourliness and appeal to them to establish bonds of cooperation and mutual help with the sovereign Jewish people settled in its own land. The State of Israel is prepared to do its share in a common effort for the advancement of the entire Middle East."WE APPEAL to the Jewish people throughout the Diaspora to rally round the Jews of Eretz-Israel in the tasks of immigration and upbuilding and to stand by them in the great struggle for the realization of the age-old dream - the redemption of Israel."PLACING OUR TRUST IN THE "ROCK OF ISRAEL" WE AFFIX OUR SIGNATURES TO THIS PROCLAMATION AT THIS SESSION OF THE PROVISIONAL COUNCIL OF STATE ON THE SOIL OF THE HOMELAND IN THE CITY OF TEL-AVIV ON THIS SABBATH EVE THE 5TH DAY OF IYAR 5708 14TH MAY 1948."Historical BackgroundAfter World War I Britain controlled Palestine by League of Nations mandate. By 1946 Britain was under pressure to withdraw from Palestine because of attacks by Arab militias and armed Zionist groups. A special United Nations committee recommended the immediate partitioning of Palestine into two states one for Arabs and the other for Jews with Jerusalem maintained by the U.N. as an international city. The General Assembly approved the proposal and the British announced they would leave Palestine on May 15 1948.Members of the provisional government drafted the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel and the provisional government voted in favor of it on May 12. They settled on final wording and held a Declaration ceremony in the Tel Aviv Museum on May 14. Twenty-five members of the Provisional State Council signed it that day and twelve more added their names later. One was out of the country and the other eleven were trapped in besieged Jerusalem.The two rabbis in the provisional government argued for a including the draft phrase "and placing our trust in the Almighty" but a member of the secularist Mapam party strongly opposed it. Rather than including a direct reference to God the Declaration uses the phrase "Rock of Israel" in the final section which could refer either to God or to the land of Israel.Other prominent signers include future Prime Minister Moshe Shertok Sharett 1894-1965 future Prime Minister Golda Myerson Meir 1898-1978 first Jewish mayor of Jerusalem Daniel Auster 1893-1963 future President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi 1884-1963 first Minister of the Interior Yitzhak Gruenbaum 1879-1970 first Minister of Finance Eliezer Kaplan 1891-1952 first Minister of Religions Rabbi Yehuda Leib Maimon 1875-1962 first Minister of Transportation David Remez 1886-1951 first Minister of Justice Pinchas Rosen 1887-1978 first Minister of Health and Minister of Immigration Haim-Moshe Shapira 1902-1970 first and longest-serving Minister of Police Bechor-Shalom Sheetrit 1895-1967 Communist Party of Israel leader Meir Vilner 1918-2003 and many other future members of the Knesset.At midnight on May 14/15 1948 6 p.m. May 14 in Washington the British Mandate officially ended and David Ben-Gurion declared the establishment of the State of Israel. Eleven minutes later President Harry S. Truman recognized Israel on behalf of the United States. In the next few days Iran the Soviet Union and several other nations recognized Israel. Over the next few days after the declaration armies of Egypt Trans-Jordan Iraq and Syria engaged Israeli troops starting the 1948 Arab-Israeli War which ended ten months later with a substantial increase in the area governed by Israel.ConditionFine. Provisional Government of Israel books

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