(Holocaust: Yellow Star; Tunisia)Biblio.com
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194353630Tunisia 1943. Nearly Fine. Five-pointed yellow cloth star sewn onto plain beige cloth 7.3 by 9 cm. Yellow dye somewhat faded else in fine state of preservation.<br /> <br /> Specimen of the yellow star imposed on the Jewish population of Tunisia in March 1943 as a mark of the slave laboror. Tunisia was the only Islamic country to come under Nazi rule at first indirectly through the Vichy regime in France between 1940 and its liberation by Allied forces on May 7 1943. In response to the Allied invasion of Algeria and Morocco German and Italian forces invaded Tunisia on November 9 1942. By the end of November the Germans took the first anti-Jewish move by arresting four of the community leaders including Moïse Borgel the president of the Jewish congregation. "In addition to the governor-general's sympathetic attitude -- and in some degree to the pro-Jewish attitude of Bey Sidi Mohammed al-Mounsaf -- the Italians also in practice interfered with the application of the anti-Jewish laws" E.H. The dignitaries were released after a week following the intervention of the mayor of Tunis and the Italian consul. Because of objections by the Italians the edict to wear the star does not appear to have been generally enforced with rigor and was only formally imposed in two cities Sfax and Tunis. While 5000 Jews had originally been put on forced labor in thirty locations and camps along the front line "at the time of the collapse and surrenter in early May 1943 only sixteen hundred Jews were employed on forced labor" E.H. Given the relatively small labor force and the lack of zeal in imposing the anti-Jewish ordinances it is clear why so few of these yellow badges have survived. References: I. Gutman ed. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust vol. 4 pp. 1521-23. unknown
1890ABC_46444Tunis: Photographie Garrigues 1890. Half black leather red buckram sides blind-stamped boards and gold-stamped spine title in gold lettering on front board marbled endpapers. Oblong album 32 x 41 cm. Album with 50 photographic prints of various sizes 13.5 x 9.5 to 29 x 21.5 cm each pasted on thick paperboard. Album with 50 late-nineteenth-century photographic probably albumen prints of scenes in Algeria and Tunisia made by an unknown photographer. Most of the photographs have a caption naming the place photographed but only 5 indicate place of production or publication of the photos. These were all produced in Tunis at least some by the French photographer J. Garrigues printed and published at his studio. Notable photographs in this album are the first showing a veiled woman a barber at work in the streets riders on their horses camels with riders and luggage the Notre Dame d'Afrique in Algiers. Other subjects include city views fairly candid photos of people in the streets landscapes and the exterior and interior of a mosque.The most remarkable print in this album actually does not fit in with the other images of places in North Africa. It is a photograph of pilgrims before the Great Mosque and Kaaba in Mecca modern day Saudi Arabia with a caption in Arabic. This photograph was taken by the first Arab photographer Al-Sayyid Abd al-Gaffar ca. 1887 making it one of the first photographs of Mecca. The present album contains this picture in its original form including the Arabic caption. An edited version of the photograph in which remnants of the Arabic caption are visible can be found in Hurgronje's Bilder aus Mekka.With a small Antwerp booksellers ticket on the front paste-down". The binding shows some signs of wear slight foxing/browning of the outer edges of the paper boards not affecting the photographic prints some prints have slightly faded edges which does not interfere with the actual image. This album with photographic prints of Algeria Tunisia and remarkably 1 of the Great Mosque and Kaaba in Mecca is overall in good condition. Photographie Garrigues, hardcover
