Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Paperback. Demy 8vo. (21,5 x 17,5 cm). Manuscript book and 2 pp. separate notes on 'Mintikalarin piyade tayyare hizmetlerini teftisi hakkindaki raporlara mutalaât' [i.e. Regarding the reports on the inspection of the areas for infantry aircraft services] sized 33x21,5 cm; and 1 chapograph print including a fighter aircraft details and illustration (sized oblong: 18x23 cm) All texts in Ottoman Turkish with some German titles. It seems that education was in German and Turkish languages. [7], [2], [1] p. A fine collection. Manuscript including the titles: Activities of a fighter aircraft.; "Emr-i ahz"s of fighter aircrafts.; The order of fighter aircrafts.; Fleet commander of fighter aircrafts and a scheme titled 'Bir ordunun vahim bir safha-yi harbde telefon tesisati sebekesidir' [i.e. Telephone network of an army in a difficult war situation] bilingual with a German title as well as 'Beispiel der Fernsprechverbindungen inner halb der Jagdstaffeln einer Armee an einer Haupstadtkampffent'. Other German titles in the text: Koft. Kommandeur der Flieger, Gruft.Gruppenführer.; Jagdstaffel.; Der Einsatz des Jagdgeschfaders.; Für den Einsatz seiner Staffeln.; Leftherschaft.; Abhördienst F.T.- Verkehr. Sükrü Ali Ögel was born in 1886 and In 1909, he graduated from the Military Academy as a lieutenant. He was commandant of the 25th Division of the Ottoman Army in 1915. He served on the Western Front Staff Committee in the Turkish War of Independence. On December 25, 1926, he was appointed as the National Police Service Director, where he participated in the foundation studies. "The history of Turkish military aviation dates back to 1909 when French aviators were invited to Istanbul to perform demonstrations and the Ottoman High Command began with studies in this field. On December 2 the same year, Turkish skies welcomed the first ever aircraft, when, upon the invitation of the Minister of War, Mahmut Sevket Pasha, a Belgian pilot named Baron de Catters came to Istanbul and performed an exhibition flight with his Voisin biplane. At the end of 1910, a decision was made by the Ottoman High Command to send officers to Europe to be trained as pilots; however due to the financial difficulties faced the Empire at that time, this plan had to be postponed. Only a handful of Turkish students residing in Paris attended flight schools and obtained their certificates there. Mahmut Sevket Pasha could anticipate the importance of military aviation [.] When the Ottoman Empire entered the World War, it had only seven planes and ten pilots available. As soon as the Empire found itself in war, the Russians launched an offensive in the Caucasus front and the Third Army stationed there requested aircraft that would fly reconnaissance flights. Two Bleriot planes named Edremit and Tarik bin Ziyad to be flown by Fesa Bey and Salim Bey were loaded on a transport ship, which was eventually sunk by Russians. The aircraft were lost and the pilots were taken prisoner, ending up in prisoner camps in Siberia. Responding to a request from the Ottoman High Command, a number of German pilots visited the Ottoman Air Force in 1915 and Turkish officers began to be sent to Germany for flight training. At the same time, Cpt. Erich Serno from the German Air Force was given the task of reforming the Turkish military aviation. He came with 12 planes, pilots, technicians, and he was appointed as the director of the Flight School. In those early years of the war, there were serious problems with regard to the transportation of the planes from Germany to Turkey. Germany was in war with Serbia, whereas Bulgaria and Romania remained neutral, which meant that the land routes were blocked. For this reason, aircraft were taken to Southern Hungary by train and then flown to Turkey. It was only after Serbia was defeated and Bulgaria entered the war on the side of the Central Powers that these logistics problems were solved. German contribution in terms of both aircraft and pilots pl
