93 résultats
185545031Paris Victor Masson 1855. 8vo. Without wrappers. In 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique' Series 3 tome 30 December-issue. With halftitle to vol. 30. Pp. 385-508 a. 1 plate. Entire issue offered. Wurtz's paper: pp. 443-506. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of the entire memoir in which Wurtz describes his outstanding discovery of Liebig’s prediction that there might be organic compounds analogous to ammonia and derivable from it by the replacement of hydrogen - the amines. The discovery was announced in 1849 and a small extract was printed in "Comptes rendu" 4 pp. The offered paper is the memoir in full.Wurtz is most noted for his investigation of glycols and for his discovery of the amines. The latter discovery in 1849 the paper offered was very significant at the time for ot suggested the possibility of a new type the ammonia type which helped to explain the behaviour of nitrogenous compounds. Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book." pp. 362-63. - Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1849 C.Charles Adolphe Wurtz was born at Strasbourg 1817. For many years he was Professor of Chemistry at the Ecole de Médicine and at Sorbonne in Paris. He was known not only for his researches in organic chemistry but also for his many literary works. He was editor of a Dictionnaire de Chemie Pure et Appliquée and after 1868 one of the editors of the Annalen der Chemie et de Physique. He died in Paris in 1884. </em> unknown
184947031Paris Bachelier 1849. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 28 No 7. Pp. 189-240 entire issue offered. Wurtz's paper: pp. 223-226. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of the announcement of Wurtz's outstanding discovery of Liebig’s prediction that there might be organic compounds analogous to ammonia and derivable from it by the replacement of hydrogen - the amines. The entire memoir was not published in full until 1855 in 'Annales de Chimie et de Physique'.Wurtz is most noted for his investigation of glycols and for his discovery of the amines. The latter discovery in 1849 the paper offered was very significant at the time for ot suggested the possibility of a new type the ammonia type which helped to explain the behaviour of nitrogenous compounds. Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book." pp. 362-63. - Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1849 C. </em> unknown
180442469London Bulwer and Co. 1804. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London." Year 1804-Part II. Pp. 419-430. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of the paper in which Wollaston announced his discovery of the metallic element Rhodium."Dr. Wollaston dissolved a portion of crude platinum in qgua regia and neutralized the excess acid with caustic soda. He then added salammoniac to precipitate the platinum as ammonium chloroplatinate and mercurous cyanide to precipitate the palladium as palladium cyanide. After filteringoff the precipitate he decomposed the excess mercurous cyanide inthe filtarate by adding hydrochloric acid and evaporating to dryness. When he washed the residue with alcohol everything dissolved except a beautiful dark red powder which proved to be a double chloride of sodium and a new metal which because of the rose color of its salts Dr. Wollaston named 'Rhodium'. He found that the sodium rhodium chloride could be easely reduced by heating it in a current of hydrogen and that after the sodium chloride had been washed out the rhodium remained as a metallic powder. he also succeeded in obtaining a rhodium button."Weeks: Discovery of the Elements. p. 104-05. </em> unknown
183748086Paris Crochard et Comp. 1837. Orig. printed wrappers. No backstrip. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." tome 64 Cahier 2 Fevrier 1837. Pp. 113-224. Entire issue offered with printed wrappers. Wöhler a. Liebig's papers: pp. 185-209 a. pp. 209-217. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion the first example of a glycoside. The papers were issued at the same time in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie"."The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler "are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science.The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry."Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel."During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar.Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance "emulsion". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast."DSB VIII p. 342. </em> unknown
183743739Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1837. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Bd. 41 Zweites Stück. Entire issue No 6 offered. Titlepage to vol. 41. Pp. 225-448 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Wöhler & Liebig's papers: pp. 345-366 pp. 366-374 a. pp. 393-397. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion the first example of a glycoside."The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler "are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science.The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry."Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel."During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar.Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance "emulsion". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast."DSB VIII p. 342. </em> unknown
185649036Paris Mallet-Bachelier 1856. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 43 No 13. Pp. 637- 672. Entire issue offered. Vulpian's paper: pp. 663-665. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of the paper in which Vulpian described his discovery of adrenaline in the adrenal medulla. Vulpian established that the medulla synthesised a substance that was liberated into the blood circulation. This substance was later identified as adrenaline.Garrison & Morton No. 1141. </em> unknown
190051313Paris Gauthier-Villars 1900. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 130 No 15 a. No 18. Pp. 962- 1044 a. pp. 1145- 1220. Entire issues offered. Villard's papers: pp. 1010-1012 a. 1178-1182 textillustrations. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First apperance of Villard's two papers in which he announced and described the discovery of a new type of radiation more powerfull and penetrating than alpha-and beta rays. The new type of rays was named by Rutherford as gammarays. </em> unknown
190048207Paris Gauthier-Villars 1900. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 130 No 15 a. No 18. Pp. 962- 1044 a. pp. 1145- 1220. Entire issues offered. Stamp on first pages. A few tears to margins. Poor paperquality fragile. Villard's papers: pp. 1010-1012 a. 1178-1182 textillustrations. <br/><br/><em>First apperance of Villard's two papers in which he announced and described the discovery of a new type of radiation more powerfull and penetrating than alpha-and beta rays. The new type of rays was named by Rutherford as gammarays."His Villardexperiments in radioactivity led to the unexpected discovery of gamma rays in 1900. Villard recognized them as being different from x rays because the gamma rays had a much greater penetrating depth. He had discovered they were emitted from radioactive substances and were not affected by electric or magnetic fields. These came to be called gamma rays by another scientist Ernest Rutherford. It wasn't until 1914 that Rutherford showed that they were a form of electromagnetic EM like light only with a much shorter wavelength than x rays. Now we know that gamma rays are a form of EM radiation similar to x rays. Gamma rays tend to have a higher energy and a shorter wavelength than x rays do. However the dividing line between these two forms of radiation is not clearly defined. Scientists typically apply the term gamma ray to EM radiation with energies above several hundred thousand electron volts." Hps - Healt Physics Society. - See Sigmund Brandt "The Harevst of a Century" Episode 6 p. 24 ff.The issues contains other importent papers HENRI BECQUEREL "Note sur la transmission du rayonnement du radium au travers des corps" pp. 979-984 and "Sur la transparance de l'aluminium pour le rayonnement du radium" pp. 1154-57. P. CURIE et G. SAGNAC "Électrisation négative des rayons secondaires produits au moyen des rayons de Röntgen" pp. 1013-1016. </em> unknown
182646031Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1826. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt spine. A few scratches to spine. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Bd. 8. 10526 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. Small stamps onverso of titlepage. Entire volume offered. Unverdorben's paper: pp. 253-265 397-410 477-487. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of the paper in which Unverdorben describes the method by which he discovered Aniline which became so importent in the manufacture of dyes plastics and pharmaceuticals. "Aniline from the Portugese anil applied to indigo and derived from the Arabic an-nil the blue substance was first obtained by Unverdorben by heating indigo and was given the name 'crystalline'. In 1841 Carl Julius von Fritzsche 1807-71 an assistant to Mitscherlich and later a member of the Academy of Sciences in St. petersburg obtained the same compound from anthranilic acid which was produced by the action of caustioc alkalis on indigo and called it 'aniline'. in 1843 Hofmann showed that the three substances crystalline aniline and benzidam were identical with the base isolated from coal tar."Findlay "A Hundred years of Chemistry" p. 134.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1826 C.The volume contains other importent papers Antoine Jerome Balard "Ueber eine besondere Substanz im Meereswasser" in which he describes his discovery of the element BROMINE first German edition pp. 114-124 a. pp. 319-336. Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1826 C. And Eilhard Mitscherlich "Ueber eine neue Klasse von Krystallformen" pp. 427-442. </em> unknown
1856mon0000018903George Virtue and Co c. 1856. HardcoverLeatherSpineCorners. Like New. in x in x in. No DJ. Volume II only. Few pages with light foxing. No other marks in lightly read book. 36 b/w plates no foxing. Binding intact. Three-quarter leather over marbled boards with wear of leather. No publication date. George Virtue and Co hardcover
181943320Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1819. Without wrappers as issued in "Annalen der Physik. Hrsg. von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 60 Heft 2 = Jahrgang 1818 zehntes Stück. Pp. 113-218 a. 1 engraved plate map. The entire issue offered Heft 2. Stromeyer's paper pp. 193-210. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of Strohmeyer's account of his discovery of Cadmium. The history of its discovery was very complicated as some other laid claim to its discovery.Stromeyer was inspector general of apothecaries in Hannover. "In 1817 fulfilling the duties of his office he came across an apothecary's shop in which a bottle labeled zinc oxide contained zinc carbonate. Following this up Stromeyer found himself interested in zinc carbonate which turned yellow on strong heating as though it contained iron as an impurity yet it contained no iron. He traced the yellow to an oxide not of zinc but of a hitherto unknown metal rather like it chemically. He named it cadmium for a zinc ore in which it is usually found accompanying the zinc."Asimov.Weeks "Discovery of the Elements" pp. 135-39. </em> unknown
184245440Kjöbenhavn Bianco Luno 1842 a. 1845. 4to. Bound in one contemp. halfcalf spine gilt. A small tear to backhinge at lower compartment of spine. IV76 pp. and 3 double-page folded lithographed plates with many figs. XIV88 pp. and 2 double-apge lithographed plates with many figs. Light browning to the last leaves of the second work. <br/><br/><em>The scarce first edition of the work in which Steenstrup describes his discovery of the principle of 'ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS'' sexual and asexual in plants and animals. "Steenstrup showed that certain animals produce offspring which never resemble them but which on the other hand bring forth progeny which return in form and nature to their grandparents or more distant ancestors." Garrison & Morton No 217. A German translation was published the same year and an English in 1845. Norman 2009 German translation. "The second major publication - the first dealing with geology - of 1842 was "Om Forplantning og Udvikling gjennem vexlende Generationsrækker." the work offered Steenstrup's comprehensive presentation of the form of reproduction that he called 'alternation of generations' that is the alternation of asexual and sexual reproduction or metagenesis. This phenomenon had previously been described by Chamisso but Steenstrup included a greater number of observations based on a significantly wider range of subjects and provided an importent chapter on its meaning. Steenstrup's growing reputation won him an appointment as professor of zoology at the University of Copenhagen where he tought from 1846 until 1885."DSB XII p. 9. </em> unknown
183149604Paris Crochard 1831. Contemp. hcloth. Some scattered brownspots. "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 2. Series Tome 48. 448 pp. 1 engraved plate. Entire volume offered. Soubeiran's paper: pp. 113-157. Scattered brownspots. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of an importent paper in chemistry and medicine as it for the first time relates the finding of Chloroform which some years later was proved to have anaesthetic effects and was introduced in chirurgy in 1848 by Simpson.Justus von Liebig Souberain and Guthrie independently discovered Chloroform in 1831 but Souberain was the first to publish his results. Garrison & Morton No. 1851. - Gedeon "Science and Technology in Medicine" 36.7.The volume contains other notable papers by LIEBIG DUMAS DUTROCHET WÖHLER LECANU BECQUEREL etc. </em> hardcover
183143365Paris Crochard 1831. No wrappers as extracted from "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 2. Series Tome 48. Titlepage to vol. 48. Pp. 113-157. A few brownspots but fine. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of an importent paper in chemistry and medicine as it for the first time relates the finding of Chloroform which some years later was proved to have anaesthetic effects and was introduced in chirurgy in 1848 by Simpson.Justus von Liebig Souberain and Guthrie independently discovered Chloroform in 1831 but Souberain was the first to publish his results. - Garrison & Morton No. 1851. - Gedeon "Science and Technology in Medicine" 36.7. </em> unknown
184748815Paris Bachelier1847. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome XXIV No. 7. Pp. 209- 252. Entire issue offered. Sobrero's paper: pp. 247-248. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of the paper in which Sobrero announced his discovery of nitroglycerin."When I think of all the victims killed during nitroglycerine explosions and the terrible havoc that has been wreaked which in all probability will continue to occur in the future I am almost ashamed to admit to be its discoverer." Sobrero"Nitroglycerin was synthesized by the chemist Ascagne Sobrero in the middle of the nineteenth century. When he tasted it as all good nineteenth century chemists did when they discovered a new compound it gave him what he called a migraine because of its vasodilatory effect which was later harnessed in the treatment of angina by William Murrell 1879 following the experience of a distinguished British clinician Lauder Brunton using amyl nitrite 1867 Later in the nineteenth century Alfred Nobel discovered how to stabilize nitroglycerin using kieselguhr diatomite clay; this led to highly successful industrial applications of dynamite and created the fortune that eventually funded the eponymous prizes. For medical purposes nitroglycerin was subsequently renamed glyceryl trinitrate to hide the fact that it was literally dynamite as well as metaphorically." </em> unknown
183149631Paris Crochard 1831. No wrappers. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." tome 46 Cahier 1. Pp. 5-112. Entire issue offered. Sefström's paper: pp. 105-111. <br/><br/><em>First printing of the paper in which Sefström announced his discovery of a new element in iron from the Taberg mine in Småland. He named it Vanadium from the goddess Vanadis.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1831 C.The discovery and isolation of Vanadium has a long story to tell. In reality it was found by del Rio in 1801 he named it Erythronium but upon further study he decided that he was mistaken as his further studies showed that it was made up of a basic lead chromate. </em> unknown
183643417Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1836. Without wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff" Band 38 No. 6 = Zweyte Stück. Titlepage to Vol. 38. Pp. 241-450 a. 3 engraved plates.Entire issue offered Heft No. 6 Bd. 38. Schwann's paper: pp. 358-364. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of an importent paper in the history of biology in which Schwann describes his discovery and isolation of pepsin the substance in the stomach that aids digestion of eggwhite. It is the FIRST KNOWN ANIMAL ENZYME. The paper appeared at the same time in "Archiv für Anatomie Physiologie und Wissenschaftliches Medicin"Theodor Schwann 1810-1882 was a great German physiologist pathologist and experimenter. One of the founders of the cell doctrine and of the idea of the living nature of yeast. Born at Neuss near Düsseldorff. A catholic educated in the Jesuit Gymnasium in Cologne. Intended for the church but took to medicine. He was a pupil of Johannes Müller and a collegueand lifelong friend of J. Henle the anatomist. In Berlin Schwann was Johannes Müller's assistent for five years and it was then that he discovered pepsin in 1836 the paper offered.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1836 B.The issue contains other importent papers by Seebeck Matteucci Marchand G. Magnus "Ueber die Wirkung des Ankers auf Elektromagnete und Stahlmagnete" Schönbein J. Müller "Ueber die Structur und die chemischen Eigenschaften der thierischen Bestandtheile der Knorpel und Knochen" Nachtrag. Forchhammer "Der kopaische See und seine unterirdischen Abzugskanäle." with a map. </em> unknown
189843857Berlin J.A. Barth 1898. No wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik" Neue Folge Band 65 No 5. Pp. 1-240. Entire issue offered No.5. Titlepage to vol. 65. Stamp on titlepage. Schmidt's paper: pp. 141-151 textillustr. A tear to inner lower corners of pp. 24-32. not affecting Schmidt's paper. Clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First printing of Schmidt's full exposition in which he describes his discovery of the radioactivity of Thorium. Schmidt and Marie Curie independently demonstrated the radioactive quality but Schmidt's demonstration took place a few months before Curie's. The discovery was announced but not described in full in a short message published in "Verhandl. d. Phys. Gesellsch. zu Berlin 1898."Schmidt made his discovery while examining "many elements and compounds" in an effeort to determine whether any of the rays that were emitted bore a resemblance to those that Henri becquerel had found emerging from uranium and uranium compounds. He located only one such element thorium and immediately conducted absorption ionization reflection refradction and poklarization studies to determine the characteristics of its rays. Having combined a misinterpretation of Becquerel's with one of his own Schmidt concluded that thorium rays most resembled Röntgen rays - a conclusion that soon required revisoln in view of the researches of Marie Curie and Ernest Rutherford."DSB XII p. 191. </em> unknown
183445159Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1834. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg.von Poggendorff" Bd. 31 No 5. Pp. 65-80. <br/><br/><em>First printing of the paper in which Runge discloses his discovery of carbolic acid or phenol and how he prepared it by distilling coal.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1834 C. - Partington IV pp. 183-84. </em> unknown
180545516Paris Chez Bernard AN XIII 1805. No wrappers. In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires." Vol. 55 Cahier 2 30 Thermidor an XIII. Pp. 113-224 entire issue offered. Htitle to vol. 55 present. Robiquet's paper: pp. 152-171. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of Robiquet's first chemical paper in which he relates his discovery of asparagine by analysis of asparagus juice the first amino acid to be discovered. The following year he made the first isolation of this amino acid together with Vaguelin. Pierre Jean Robiquet was a French chemist who laid founding work in identifying amino acids the fundamental bricks of proteins through recognizing the first of them asparagin in 1806 in the take up of the industry of industrial dyes with the identification of alizarin in 1826 and in the emergence of modern medications through the identification of codeine in 1832 a powerful molecule today of widespread use with analgesic and antidiarrheal properties. </em> unknown
180143492Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1801. Without wrappers as published in "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 7 Viertes Stück. The entire issue offered =Heft 4. Pp. 387-528. Ritter's announcement p. 525. With titlepage to volume 7. Clean and fine. Titlepage a bit shavedin inner margin. <br/><br/><em>First printing of Ritter's announcement of his discovery of ultraviolet light in a halfpage letter addressed to Gilbert's Annalen. With that discovery it became clear that visible light represents no more than a fraction of a continous spectrum.A year earlier in 1800 William Herschel discovered infrared light. This was the first time that a form of light beyond visible light had been detected. After hearing about Herschel's discovery of an invisible form of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum Ritter decided to conduct experiments to determine if invisible light existed beyond the violet end of the spectrum as well. He had heard that blue light caused a greater reaction in silver chloride than red light did. Ritter decided to measure the rate at which silver chloride reacted to the different colors of light. He directed sunlight through a glass prism to create a spectrum. He then placed silver chloride in each color of the spectrum and found that it showed little change in the red part of the spectrum but darkened toward the violet end of the spectrum. Johann Ritter then decided to place silver chloride in the area just beyond the violet end of the spectrum in a region where no sunlight was visible. To his amazement this region showed the most intense reaction of all. This showed for the first time that an invisible form of light existed beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. This new type of light which Ritter called Chemical Rays later became known as ultraviolet light or ultraviolet radiation the word ultra means beyond. - Parkinson Breakthroughs: 1801 P. </em> unknown
180343638Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1803. Without wrappers as extracted from "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Jahrgang 1802 Bd. 12 Zwölftes Stück. Pp. 409-416. Titlepage to vol. 12. <br/><br/><em>This is Ritter's first expositon of his discovery of ultraviolet light. It was announced the year before in a halfpage letter addressed to Gilbert's Annalen and printed in the Annalen. With that discovery it became clear that visible light represents no more than a fraction of a continous spectrum.A year earlier in 1800 William Herschel discovered infrared light. This was the first time that a form of light beyond visible light had been detected. After hearing about Herschel's discovery of an invisible form of light beyond the red portion of the spectrum Ritter decided to conduct experiments to determine if invisible light existed beyond the violet end of the spectrum as well. He had heard that blue light caused a greater reaction in silver chloride than red light did. Ritter decided to measure the rate at which silver chloride reacted to the different colors of light. He directed sunlight through a glass prism to create a spectrum. He then placed silver chloride in each color of the spectrum and found that it showed little change in the red part of the spectrum but darkened toward the violet end of the spectrum. Johann Ritter then decided to place silver chloride in the area just beyond the violet end of the spectrum in a region where no sunlight was visible. To his amazement this region showed the most intense reaction of all. This showed for the first time that an invisible form of light existed beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum. This new type of light which Ritter called Chemical Rays later became known as ultraviolet light or ultraviolet radiation the word ultra means beyond. </em> unknown
189542221London Harrison and Sons 1895. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" Vol. 186 - I Series A. Pp. 187-241 a. 8 textillustrations apparatus. Fine and clean. <br/><br/><em>First printing of this importent paper in the history of chemistry Lord Rayleigh's most famous discovery announcing the discovery of this new gas the first finding of one of the rare gases inert gases having unusual properties and forming a distinct group in the periodic table and all with zero valency."The original paper in the "Philosophical Transactions" will undoubtly rank as a classic the investigation having been a particularly brilliant ine." Ernst von Meyer in History of Chemistry. For this discovery Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay received the Nobel Prize 1904.After having made several measuring of the densities of gases "Rayleigh came across a curious puzzle. With oxygen he always obtained the same density regardless of how the oxygen might be produced whether from one particular compound from a second compound or from the air. The situation was different with nitrogen. The nitrogen he obtained from air constantly showed a slightly higher density than the nitrogen he obtained from any of various compounds. Rayleigh could think of several ways in which the nitrogen obtained from air might be contaminated but none of the possibilities checked out experimentally. He was so frustrated that he went so far as to write to the journal "Nature" asking for suggestions. Ramsay a brilliant Scottish chemist asked permission to tackle the problem and received it. The upshot was that a new gas somewhat denser that nitrogen was discovered to exist in the atmosphere. It was named argon and it was the first of a series of rare gases of unusual properties whose existence had never been suspected."Asimow.Dibner Heralds of Science No. 50 - Neville Historical Chemical Library vol. II p.358. </em> unknown
189549207London Harrison and Sons 1895. 4to. Orig. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. Blindtooled covers. First corner a bit bumped. In "Philosophical Transactions" Vol. 186 - I Series A. XIV26024 pp. Entire volume offered. The paper: p. 187-241 a. 8 textillustrations apparatus. The title-page with faint brownspots. Otherwise internally clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First printing of this importent paper in the history of chemistry Lord Rayleigh's most famous discovery announcing the discovery of this new gas the first finding of one of the rare gases inert gases having unusual properties and forming a distinct group in the periodic table and all with zero valency."The original paper in the "Philosophical Transactions" will undoubtly rank as a classic the investigation having been a particularly brilliant ine." Ernst von Meyer in History of Chemistry. For this discovery Lord Rayleigh and W. Ramsay received the Nobel Prize 1904. The volume also contains WILLIAM CROOKES "On the Spectra of Argon" OSBORNE REYNOLD "On the Dynamical Theory of Incompressible Viscous Fluids and the determination of the Criterion" KARL PEARSON "Contributions to the Mathematical Theory of Evolution. - II. Skew Variations in Homogenous Materials" etc.After having made several measuring of the densities of gases "Rayleigh came across a curious puzzle. With oxygen he always obtained the same density regardless of how the oxygen might be produced whether from one particular compound from a second compound or from the air. The situation was different with nitrogen. The nitrogen he obtained from air constantly showed a slightly higher density than the nitrogen he obtained from any of various compounds. Rayleigh could think of several ways in which the nitrogen obtained from air might be contaminated but none of the possibilities checked out experimentally. He was so frustrated that he went so far as to write to the journal "Nature" asking for suggestions. Ramsay a brilliant Scottish chemist asked permission to tackle the problem and received it. The upshot was that a new gas somewhat denser that nitrogen was discovered to exist in the atmosphere. It was named argon and it was the first of a series of rare gases of unusual properties whose existence had never been suspected."Asimow.Dibner Heralds of Science No. 50 - Neville Historical Chemical Library vol. II p.358. </em> hardcover
188247024Paris Gauthier-Villars 1882. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 95 No 22 a. Tome 104 No 21 entire issues offered. Pp. 1017-1076 and pp. 1387-1462. Raoult's papers: pp. 1030-33 tome 95 and pp. 1430-1433 tome 104. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of Raoult's two importent papers in which described a method for finding the molecular weight of an organic compound by the determination of the lowering of the freezing point of water that resulted from dissolving that compound in water and the law governing the relation between solutes and vapor pressure."Then in 1882 F.-M. Raoult published his results on the effects of nondissociating organic solutes from which he deduced a general law controlling the lowering of freezing points the first paper offered. Four years later he extended this work to show the effect of solutes on vapor pressure the second paper offered. Having established the effect of nondissociating compounds he was in position to show that salts produced an eeffect which though anomalous could nevertheless be explained by the supposition that a dissolved molecule broke up into other molecules. This work was of great value in supplying a new method for determining molecular weights since the depression of freezing point and vapor pressure as well a the related rise in boiling point later discovered are proportional to the moleculat concentrations ofthe solutions; it was of equal value in supporting the ideas of van't Hoff on osmotic pressure. With the announcement of the dissociation theory of Arrhenius the anomalies were explained and the full significance of the generalizations of Raoult was recognized. Raoult published the formulations of his laws in the "Comptes Rendus" for 1882 and 1887 the papers offered" Leicester a. Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry" pp. 471 ff. </em> unknown