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Chemistry Written by William Henry Translated by Udagawa Eian Tenpo 8-Koka 4 Original cover Original title tag (only 1 volume tiBiblio.com

MENDELEJEFF, (MENDELEEV, MENDELEYEV, MENDELEEFF), DIMITRY IVANOVICH - A CLASSIC IN CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Die periodische Gesetzmässigkeit der chemischen Elemente; Aus dem Russischen von Felix Wreden. On the periodical law of the chemical elements.

187150071Leipzig und Heidelberg C.F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung 1871 1872. Recent marbled marbled boards. Spine gilt and with titlelabel in leather with gilt lettering: "Annalen der Pharmacie VIII Suppl. Band. In "Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. Hrsg. und Redigiert von Friedrich Wöhler Justus Liebig und Hermann Kopp" VIII. Supplementband. Pp. 4392 pp. entire volume offered. 2 small stamps on title-page. Mendelejeff's paper pp. 133-229 2 periodic tables on p. 149 a. 151. Internally fine and clean. First printing of the first German translation of this milestone paper ONE OF THE GREAT CLASSICS OF CHEMISTRY in which Mendelejeff first coined the word "periodic" and in which he for the first time presented his great discovery of the periodicity of the elements in its full and complete form. At the same time the paper is the first to present his discoveries in a western language. In the paper he described and predicted the properties of a number of undiscovered elements - three of them were discovered in his lifetime. His periodic table was more complete than any of the preceding ones and more thoroughly founded on experiment. The periodicity of the elements he himself formulated as "Elements placed according to the value of their atomic weights present a clear periodicity of properties."The offered paper is the German translation of his paper which was issued in "Journal of the Russian Chemical Society" vol. 3 pp. 25-56 the same journal in which he first announced his discovery vol. 1 pp.66-77 1869 ."In March 1871 two years after his discovery of the law Mendeleev first named it "periodic". That summer he published in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie his article "Die periodische Gesetzmässigkeit der chemischen Elemente." - the paper offered - which he later characterized as "the best summary of my views and ideas on the periodicity of the elements and the original after which so much was written later about this system. This was the main reason for my scientific fame because much was confirmed - much later.""DSB IX p. 289-90"Lothar Meyer and Dimitri Mendeleev independently discovered the periodic system but "Meyer did not publish this work until after the appearance of Mendeleev's first paper on the subject in 1869. His table was very similar to that of Mendeleev but it contained some improvements and was perhaps influential in causing some of the revisions made by Mendeleev in the second version of his table published in 1870. In general Meyer was more impressed by the periodicity of the physical properties of the elements while Medeleev saw more clearly the chemical consequences of the periodic law."Source Book in Chemistry p. 434.Horblitt "100 Books famous in Science" the Russian paper 1869 No 74. - Dibner "Heralds of Science" No 48 only the later book of 1891 - Partington IV: pp. 891-897. - Source Book in Chemistry pp. 442 ff. - PMM: 407 under Moseley. - Neville "Historical Chemical Library" II: p. 162 only the French edition from 1879. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark18 500,00 DKK≈ 2 484,55 €

Marcet Jane The author of Conversations on Chemistry Political Economy &cABAA

John Hopkins' Notions on Political Economy Presentation Copy

18333474London: Longman Rees Orme Brown Greene & Longman 1833. First edition. Near Fine. Publisher's cloth binding retaining the delicate paper label to front board. Some bumping to corners and faint spotting to boards but a pleasing square copy in all. Internally a clean with just a bit of scattered foxing to endpapers and preliminaries. Scarce on the market this book documents Marcet's efforts to expand knowledge access to the working classes in order to make political self-advocacy possible. Presented by Marcet to Professor Pierre Prevost the philosopher and physicist best known for his experiment on the body's radiation of heat this copy bears his ownership signature on the front endpaper and an inscription from Marcet at the header of the title: "Prof. Prevost from the Author." A peer of such feminist thinkers as Maria Edgeworth Marcet is considered one of the most important figures in the history of women's education in science and economics. Her "Conversations" books which include texts on politics economics and science were ranked among the best-known educational texts of the nineteenth century. In addition to making these rigorous fields accessible to women who might otherwise be denied such training they also welcomed in young boys whose access to quality education might be hindered by class. Among her most famous readers was Michael Faraday who encountered her books while serving as a bookbinder's apprentice and was inspired to delve more deeply into the sciences Science History Institute. The present work seeks to popularize economic theory and put forward an argument for decreasing wage gaps among rich and poor; and in line with her overall project Marcet seeks to make her argument accessible to readers of all education levels. Wrapped in allegory in order to welcome in labor-class readers who may not have complex economic vocabularies Marcet's tale posits the need for new economic policy into a series of nine allegorical essays told "through the eyes of honest John Hopkins a laborer on low wages" Liberty. Scholars have increasingly viewed John Hopkins as an important and previously undervalued piece of Marcet's oeuvre; and her desire to bring the working class into dialogue about their own economic state signals an important cultural change. "Marcet was engaged in the work of the knowledge broker -- creating and maintaining networks between and among scientists and the larger public. Knowledge sharing was based upon the personal and social connections she facilitated by bringing together bankers scientists and professional economists such as Malthus Ricardo Mill and others. It was extended to the popular culture through the many editions of her Conversations addressed to the middle classes and enlarged to include the working classes with her John Hopkins's Notions on Political Economy" L. Forget. Lesser known but nonetheless one of Marcet's culturally important contributions this volume contains important lessons on how to expand a class's knowledge base and provide the tools for political and economic self-advocacy. Notably this copy reveals the influential scientific communities she participated in connecting her to men in the hard sciences who knew of and read her work. Feminist Companion 713. Women in Science 125. Dictionary of Economics. Near Fine. Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Greene & Longman unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis2 850,00 $US≈ 2 411,38 €

BERZELIUS, JONS JACOB - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY - THE FRENCH VERSIONBiblio.com

Essais sur les proportions déterminées dans lesquelles se trouvent réunis les élémens de la nature inorganiques. Suite des experiences sur les proportions déterminées d'après lesquelles les élémens de la nature inorganique s'unissent. In all.

181146030Paris Chez J. Klostermann fils 1811-12. Bound in 6 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spines slightly rubbed. Wear to top of spines. In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie" Tome 78 79 80 81 82 and 83. Entire volumes offered. The 14 parts: Tome 78: pp. 5-37 105-132 217-242. - Tome 79: pp. 113-142 233-264. - Tome 80: pp. 5-37 225-258. - Tome 81: pp. 5-36 278-303. - Tome 82: pp. 5-33 113-125 225-72. Tome 83: pp. 5-35 a. pp. 117-127. With in all 3 engraved plates. Some scattered brownspots. The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in Swedish German both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry. A reprint is found in Ostwald's Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften No. 35.According to Söderbaum Jac. Berzelius 2 p.12 "It was a giant work one of the most importent in the history of chemistry which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time to be sure but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour."J. Erik Jorpes "Jac. Berzelius" p.45."In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances and thus was enabled to draw up in 1826 a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one."Leicester & Klicktein "A Source Book in Chemistry" p. 258.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1810-20 C. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark12 500,00 DKK≈ 1 678,75 €

BERZELIUS, JONS JACOB - THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY INTRODUCEDBiblio.com

Experiments on the Nature of Azote of Hydrogen and of Ammonia and upon the Degrees of Oxidation of which Azote is susceptible. Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and eas.

181346988London Robert Baldwin 1813 a. 1814. 8vo. 2 contemp. hcalf. Marbled boards. Spines lacks and boards detached. In: "Annals of Philosophy; or Magazine of Chemistry Mineralogy Mechanics. By Thomas Thomson". Vol. II and Vol. III. Entire volumes offered. Berzelius' papers: pp. 276-284 357-368 the first paper in vol. II pp. 443-454 vol. II a. pp. 51-62 93-106 244-257 a. 353-364. vol. III. Internally fine and clean. First printing of these milestone papers in the history of chemistry where Berzelius introduced his famous chemical symbolism whereby an element is generally represented by the first letter of its Latin name or in the event of elements having the same first letter by the first two letters. Even though his atomic symbols were introduced in 1813 see the note on p. 359 in the first paper it was quite a few years before Berzelius's symbols were adopted by the chemistry community. But once accepted they became the new international language of chemistry.Berzelius "contributed more to the development of the atomic theory and to the setting up of accurate values of the atomic weights than did any other worker of the time. Of his contributions moreover to the development of the atomic theory and the advancement of chemical science not the least valuable was the introduction of a chemical symbolism which with slight modification is in use at the present day. By giving his symbols a quantitative meaning - the symbol of an element representing one atomic proportion by weight - it was possible "to show briefly and clearly the number of elementary atoms in each compound and after the determination of their relative weights present the results of each analysis in a simple and easely retained manner". This symbolism was speedily adopted on the Continent but in England only after some considerable time."Findlay "A Hundred Years of Chemistry" p. 14.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1813 C. - Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry" p. 258 ff. - Holmberg 1813:28 a. The volume contains other notable papers THOMAS THOMSON "On the Discovery of the Atomic Theory" pp. 329-338. and JOHN DALTON "Remarks on the Essay of Dr. Berzelius on the Cause of Chemical Proportions" pp. 174-180 Vol. III. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark12 000,00 DKK≈ 1 611,60 €

BERZELIUS, JONS JACOB - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY- GERMAN VERSIONBiblio.com

Versuch die bestimmten und einfachen Verhältnisse anzufinden nach welchen die Bestandtheile der unorganischen Natur mit einander verbunden sind. Erste Hälfte. Zweite Hälfte. Erste Fortsetzung des Versuchs die bestimmten. Zweite Fortse.

181143628Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1811 1811 1812. Without wrappers as published in "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 37 Drittes u. Viertes Stück Bd. 38 Sechtes Stück Bd. 40 Zweites u. Drittes Stück. The entire issues offered 5 issues. With titlepage to vol. 37 38 a. 40. Pp. 233-480 a. 3 engraved plates. pp. 121-236 a. 2 engraved plates. pp. 117-348 a. 1 engraved plate. Berzelius's papers: pp. 249-337 a. 415-472.- Pp. 161-226. - Pp. 162-208 a. 235-330. The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in German both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry.According to Söderbaum Jac. Berzelius 2 p.12 "It was a giant work one of the most importent in the history of chemistry which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time to be sure but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour."J. Erik Jorpes "Jac. Berzelius" p.45."In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances and thus was enabled to draw up in 1826 a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one."Leicester & Klicktein "A Source Book in Chemistry" p. 258.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1810-20 C. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €

KEKULE, AUGUST - THE REVOLUTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Ueber die Constitution und die metamorphosen der chemischen Verbindungen und über die chemische Natur des Kohlenstoffs.

185848805Leipzig und Heidelberg C.F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung 1858. 8vo. Later hcloth. Spine with gilt lettering. In: "Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. hrsg. von Friedrich Wöhler justus Liebig und hermann Kopp" Band CVI. With both titlepages. 8392 pp. a. 1 litographed plate shaved in outer margin ut not belonging to Kekule's paper. Entire volume offered. Kekule's paper: pp. 129-159. Internally clean. First appearance of this milestone paper in organic chemistry in which he demonstrated the mutual linking together of carbon atoms developed the idea of affinity units later called "valence bonds" and thus making it possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing large numbers of carbon atoms. This was "the final step in the development of modern structural formulas for organic compounds." Leicester & Klickstein p. 417"It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced simultaneously and independently by thwo young chemists Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward.by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates the quadriivalency of carbon.and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon "chain". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates moreover they showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper "On a New Chemical Theory" the paper offered here in its first appearance advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which as at the present day the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines.his formulae are similar to those at present in use."Findlay pp. 34 ff"The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the means of solving the problems of chemical constitution; and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds."Findlay.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1858 C. - Ostwald's Klassiker No. 183. - Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry" pp. 417-425. - Exhibition of First Editions of Epochal Achievements in the History of Science Berkeley 1934. No 57. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €

FRANKLAND, E (EDWARD). - INTRODUCING "VALENCY" IN CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

On a New Series of Organic Bodies containing Metals. Received May 10- Read June 171852.

185242941London Richard Taylor and William Francis 1852 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1852 - Part II. With titlepage to Part II. pp. 417-444 textillustr. Fine and clean. First appearance of an extremely importent paper in the histroy of chemistry as Frankland here introduced the concept of 'VALENCY' - he called it 'atomicity' - to explain the capacity of atoms to combine with other atoms. "This led not only to the Kekulé structures but also to the periodic table of Mendeléev since that table was based on the regular change of valence with atomic weight."Asimov."On May 10 1852 Frankland read to the Royal Society a paper on organic metallic compounds the paper offered in which he made the emperical observation that elements possessed fixed combining powers or "only room so to speak for the attachement of a fixed and definite number of the atoms of other elements." The expression "valence" or "Valency" began to be used by other chemists only after 1865 wheras Frankland tended to use the misleading term "atomicity".Frankland's teching position at the Royal College of Chemistry and his influence on the Department of Sciences and Art science examinations enembled him to spread the idea through the younger generation of British chemists."DSB V p. 126.The exact inception however of the theory of chemical valencies can be traced to an 1852 paper by Edward Frankland in which he combined the older theories of free radicals and "type theory" with thoughts on chemical affinity to show that certain elements have the tendency to combine with other elements to form compounds containing 3 i.e. in the three atom groups e.g. NO3 NH3 NI3 etc. or 5 i.e. in the five atom groups e.g. NO5 NH4O PO5 etc. equivalents of the attached elements. It is in this manner according to Frankland that their affinities are best satisfied. Wikepedia. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark7 500,00 DKK≈ 1 007,25 €

COUPER, A - S(ARCHIBALD SCOTT). - INTRODUCING A NEW ERA IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Sur une nouvelle Théorie cimique.

185844228Paris Victor Masson 1858. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf raised bands gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 3e Series - Tome 53. 512 pp. a. 2 folded engarved plates.The entire volume offered. Couper's paper: pp. 469-489. Some scattered brownspots. First appearance of this milestone paper in organic chemistry - a shorter note was published in Comptes Rendus in June 1858 - in which independently of Kekulé Couper introduces the CONCEPT OF BONDS represented as a dash or a dotted line in chemistry and also observes the very importent fact that carbon atoms forms the backbone of organic compounds."It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced simultaneously and endependently by thwo young chemists Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward.by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates the quadriivalency of carbon.and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon "chain". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates moreover they showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper "On a New Chemical Theory" the paper offered here in its first appearance advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which as at the present day the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines.his formulae are similar to those at present in use."Findlay pp. 34 ff"The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the maeans of solving the problems of chemical constitution; and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds."Findlay.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1858 C.The volume contains another importent monumental memoir MARCELLIN BERTHELOT "Sur la Synthèse des Carbures D'Hydrogene" pp. 69-208. Here he prsents his review of his work in organic chemistry during the previous ten years. "In his conclusion Berthelot argued that chemistry differed from a descriptive science such as natural history by being creative and that in this it resembled the mathematical sciences."DSB hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark6 500,00 DKK≈ 872,95 €

BERTHOLLET, CLAUDE LOUIS - PREPARING THE WAY FOR THE ATOMIC THEORY IN CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Recherches sur les lois de l'affinité. Suite des Recherches. Suite des Recherches. Suite des Recherches. Suite des recherches. 5 Parts.

180146023Paris Chez Fuchs An IX1801. Boundin 3 contemp. hcalf. Gilt spuines. Light wear along edges. In: "Annales de Chimie ou Recueil de Mémoires concernant la Chemie" Tome 36 37 and 38. Entire volumes offered. 336;3302;3342 pp. and 5 engraved plates. Berthollet's paper: pp. 302-317 pp. 151-181 221-252 pp. 3-29 113-134. Together with the memoir printed at the same time in "Mémoires de l'Institut." this is the first appearance of B's groundbreaking work on the nature of chemical affinity and the fact that many factors influence chemical reactions comparing chemical affinity to the force of gravity. The paper was at the end of the year published separately.The theory set forth here "led directly to Prout's investigations which yielded a knowledge of definite chemical proportions and thus played a very importent part in preparing the way for the development of the Atomic Theory on which the whole modern chemistry is based."Duveen p. 75."Berthollet read a memoir on the general theory of affinities while he was still in Egypt. This was the starting point of his complete new system of chemistry first briefly sketched in Recherches sur les lois de l’affinité 1801 and later developed into the comprehensive two volume Essai de statique chimique. Here he attempted to provide a proper basis for chemistry so that its experimental results could be viewed in the light of theoretical first principles. Berthollet developed a theory and a model adequate for the understanding and the interpretation of the rapidly growing body of chemical knowledge in his time. He was aware that the positive work of constructing a new theory had yet to be performed after the shock of Lavoisier’s criticism of the old chemistry.DSB.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1801 C. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark5 000,00 DKK≈ 671,50 €

BERZELIUS, JONS JACOB - THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE OF CHEMISTRY INTRODUCEDBiblio.com

Experiments on the Nature of Azote of Hydrogen and of Ammonia and upon the Degrees of Oxidation of which Azote is susceptible.

181349243London Robert Baldwin 1813. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Marbled boards. Spine lacks and boards loose. In: "Annals of Philosophy; or Magazine of Chemistry Mineralogy Mechanics. By Thomas Thomson". Vol. II. - VIII480 pp. a. 7 plates. Entire volume offered. Berzelius' paper: pp. 276-284 357-368. Some browning and brownspots to plates. First printing of this milestone papers in the history of chemistry where Berzelius introduced his famous chemical symbolism the offered paper is the first on the subject - Leicester & Klickstein calls it the "Preliminary note whereby an element is generally represented by the first letter of its Latin name or in the event of elements having the same first letter by the first two letters. Even though his atomic symbols were introduced in 1813 see the note on p. 359 it was quite a few years before Berzelius's symbols were adopted by the chemistry community. But once accepted they became the new international language of chemistry. Berzelius "contributed more to the development of the atomic theory and to the setting up of accurate values of the atomic weights than did any other worker of the time. Of his contributions moreover to the development of the atomic theory and the advancement of chemical science not the least valuable was the introduction of a chemical symbolism which with slight modification is in use at the present day. By giving his symbols a quantitative meaning - the symbol of an element representing one atomic proportion by weight - it was possible "to show briefly and clearly the number of elementary atoms in each compound and after the determination of their relative weights present the results of each analysis in a simple and easely retained manner". This symbolism was speedily adopted on the Continent but in England only after some considerable time."Findlay "A Hundred Years of Chemistry" p. 14.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1813 C. - Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry" p. 258 ff. - Holmberg 1813:28 a. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark5 000,00 DKK≈ 671,50 €

COUPER, A - S(ARCHIBALD SCOTT). - INTRODUCING A NEW ERA IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Sur une nouvelle Théorie cimique. Note présentée par M.Dumas.

185847569Paris Mallet-Bachelier 1858. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 46 No 24. Pp. 1121- 1173 entire issue offered. Couper's paper: pp. 1157-1160. A faint dampstain to right margins. First appearance of this milestone announcement in organic chemistry - a longer memoir was published in "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" later in the same year 1858 - in which independently of Kekulé Couper introduces the CONCEPT OF BONDS represented as a dash or a dotted line in chemistry and also observes the very importent fact that carbon atoms forms the backbone of organic compounds."It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced simultaneously and endependently by thwo young chemists Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward.by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates the quadriivalency of carbon.and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon "chain". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates moreover they showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper "On a New Chemical Theory" the paper offered here in its first appearance advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which as at the present day the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines.his formulae are similar to those at present in use."Findlay pp. 34 ff"The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the maeans of solving the problems of chemical constitution; and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds."Findlay.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1858 C. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark4 500,00 DKK≈ 604,35 €

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