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193222769Berlin 1932. Orig. printed orange wrappers. Back strengthend with matching paper. Fresh copy. Offprint/Sonderabdr. aus "Sitzungsberichten". pp. 1-32. <br/><br/><em>First edition. Weil No. 186. </em> unknown
193237427Berlin: Akad. Wiss 1932. Akad. Wiss unknown
2007Q-0262050870The MIT Press 2007-10-18. hardcover. New. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! The MIT Press hardcover
039470004X.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
9357935339.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
2010Q-048624511XDover Publications 2010-07-21. Paperback. New. In shrink wrap. Looks like an interesting title! Dover Publications paperback
1169173802.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1922BBS-2017749Methuen & Co. Ltd 1922. First Edition. Hardcover. Acceptable/Good. First thus; the first English edition translated by G. B. Jeffery and W. Perrett. Containing 'Ether and Relativity' first delivered as an address on May 5 1920 at the University of Leyden and 'Geometry and Experience' an expanded form of an address to Berlin's Prussian Academy of Sciences on January 27 1921. Blue paneled cloth with black titling with a few small spots of soiling light rubbing to edges gone to slight fraying at spine ends heavy fading to spine and 1-inch diameter stain at spine's center. Spine square. The first signature is loose laid-in; the binding is otherwise strong. No missing pages. In original blue dust jacket about good in Mylar: toned lightly age-soiled rubbed and edgeworn with chipping at spine ends fore-edge corners and an additional chip from the rear fore-edge. Pages lightly and uniformly toned. Text unmarked. Housed protected in modern custom-made navy cloth slipcase with 'E-mc2' stamped in blind to one side. Methuen & Co. Ltd hardcover
1016121873.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1161452516.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1922EINSTEIN017518Methuen London. 1922. First English edition. Translated by G.B. Jeffery and W. Perrett. Octavo. pp iv 56 8 adverts. Contains two addresses "Ether and Relativity" and "Geometry and Experience'. Spine and cover edges a little faded. Lower corners slightly bruised. Endpapers and edges spotted. Very good in the scarce and fragile dustwrapper which is good chipped at edges a bit rubbed starting to split at the joints and missing a piece of about an inch in the centre of the spine. Methuen, London. unknown
1933180318Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen 1933. First edition offprint issue of the third of Einstein and Mayer's four classic papers on semi-vectors in which they aimed to incorporate the Dirac equation into the general theory of relativity. "By introducing semi-vectors Einstein wanted to arrive at a mathematically simpler and more general formulation of spinors. The semi-vector generalization of the Dirac equation was thought to give a unified description of charged elementary particles in particular of the electron and proton" Van Dongen pp. 103-5. Large octavo pp. 4. Original cream wrappers front wrapper printed in black wire-stitched as issued. Extremities gently creased short closed tears at spine ends occasional light foxing: a very good copy. Boni 223; Weil 192. Jeroen van Dongen Einstein's Unification 2010. unknown
1987156153Metuchen NJ: The Scarecrow Press 1987. Hardcover. Fair. xv 1051 p. 22 cm. Black hardcover. Small tear in top of spine. Cracking at p. 3 and pages 3-22 detached. <br/><br/> The Scarecrow Press hardcover
0810832208.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
19196166Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften In Kommission bei Walter de Gruyter Reichsdruckerei 1919. First edition. <p>First edition extremely rare author's presentation offprint 'Überreicht vom Verfasser' and the copy of Einstein's son Hans Albert of "Einstein's first attempt at a unified field theory" Pais Subtle is the Lord. Once Einstein completed work on the general theory of relativity at the end of 1915 "his attention shifted to the search for a unified theory of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields out of which he hoped to be able to explain the structure of matter. Quantum effects were to be derived from such a theory rather than postulated ad hoc. This remained his approach for the rest of his life" Cao Conceptual foundations of quantum field theory.</p>. EINSTEIN'S FIRST ATTEMPT AT A UNIFIED FIELD THEORY" PAIS<br /> HANS ALBERT EINSTEIN'S COPY OF THE PRESENTATION OFFPRINT. <p>First edition extremely rare author's presentation offprint 'Überreicht vom Verfasser' and the copy of Einstein's son Hans Albert of "Einstein's first attempt at a unified field theory" Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 287. Once Einstein completed work on the general theory of relativity at the end of 1915 "his attention shifted to the search for a unified theory of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields out of which he hoped to be able to explain the structure of matter. Quantum effects were to be derived from such a theory rather than postulated ad hoc. This remained his approach for the rest of his life" Cao Conceptual foundations of quantum field theory pp. 166-167. "As so often the case in relativity the story of quantum gravity begins with Einstein himself. Soon after the final formulation of general relativity he pointed out the need for a quantum modification of the theory. In his first paper on gravitational radiation the 1916 paper 'Näherungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation' 'Approximate Integration of the Field Equations of Gravitation' Einstein argued that quantum effects must modify the general theory of relativity. Two years later he reiterated this conclusion the 1918 paper 'Über Gravitationswellen' 'On Gravitational Waves': 'As already emphasized in my previous paper the final result of this argument which demands a gravitational energy loss by a body due to its thermal agitation must arouse doubts about the universal validity of the theory. It appears that a fully developed quantum theory must also bring about a modification of the theory of gravitation.' Einstein writing in the 1919 paper offered here soon began to speculate whether gravitation plays a role in the atomistic structure of matter: 'There are reasons for thinking that the elementary formations which go to make up the atom are held together by gravitational forces. The above reflections show the possibility of a theoretical construction of matter out of the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field alone' In order to construct such a model of an 'elementary particle' Einstein shows that it is necessary to modify the original gravitational field equations .The major interest of this paper is that his attention now shifted from possible quantum modifications of general relativity to the search for a unified theory of the electromagnetic and gravitational fields on the basis of which he hoped to explain the structure of matter. Quantum effects are to be derived from such a theory rather than postulated ad hoc. Einstein remained committed to this approach for the rest of his life: the search for a 'natural' mathematical extension of the general theory in the hope that such a theory would somehow explain the quantization of matter and energy" Iyer and Bhawal Black Holes Gravitational Radiation and the Universe pp. 525-526. Einstein's work on unified field theory was inspired by James Clerk Maxwell's success in finding a unified theory of electricity and magnetism one of the greatest achievements of nineteenth century physics which showed that light was a form of electromagnetic wave and made possible modern inventios such as radio television and the telephone. Einstein continued his attempts to devise a unified theory of gravitation and electromagnetism for the rest of his life; his contributions in this area represent about a quarter of his entire research output and half his scientific production after 1920. Although he was ultimately unsuccessful a similar vision was realized in the decades after his death in the construction of the 'standard model' a unified theory of electromagnetism with the weak and strong nuclear forces which were unknown in Einstein's time and efforts to incorporate gravity into the model continue to this day. RBH lists three copies. OCLC lists only one copy none in US.</p> <br /> <p>Provenance: Hans Albert Einstein 1904-73 ink stamp and pencil notes on front wrapper. Hans Albert Einstein was a Swiss-American engineer and educator the second child and first son of physicists Albert Einstein and Mileva Marić. He was a long-time professor of hydraulic engineering at the University of California Berkeley.</p> <br /> <p>"As early as 1909 in his fundamental paper 'Zum gegenwärtigen Stand des Strahlungsproblems' 'On the current status of the radiation problem' which resulted from a discussion with Walter Ritz Einstein remarks 'dass des elektrische Elementarquantum e ein Fremdling ist in der Maxwell-Lorentzschen Elektrodynamik' 'that the electrical elementary quantum e is alien to Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics'. Einstein expressed the hope that 'die gleiche Modifikation der Theorie welche das Elementarquantum e als Konsequenz enthält auch die Quantenstruktur der Strahlung als Konsequenz enthalten wird' 'the same modification of the theory which contains the elementary quantum e as a consequence will also contain the quantum structure of radiation as a consequence'. Pauli 1949 in his review about 'Einstein's Contribution to Quantum theory' pointed out that though quantum theory later on deduced the quantum structure of radiation it has not solved Einstein's first problem and the elementary charge 'auch in der Quantenmechanik ein Fremdling geblieben ist' 'has also remained alien to quantum mechanics'. He emphasized that just this fact had been one of the strongest arguments to Einstein against the finality of the steps leading to quantum mechanics.</p> <br /> <p>"So during his Berlin years Einstein made it his task to find a synthesis of his general theory of relativity GRT and the then nascent quantum physics. In this connection he attributed logical primacy to the relevant relativistic field theory because it had reached a high degree of maturity in the GRT. After all Einstein's general-relativistic gravitation theory is the first theory on the fundamentals of physics working with genuinely non-linear equations and Einstein observed that such a nonlinearity is necessary for understanding the existence of the 'discrete field-quanta.' A linear theory allowing arbitrary superposition of fields would without further restrictions in the form of boundary and uniqueness conditions never lead to a discrete spectrum of solutions. But recourse to such restrictions means that the fields are held together by the operation of entities outside the scope of the theory .</p> <br /> <p>"In Einstein's view the problem of incorporating the elementary particles into field physics involved the question of finding field-theoretical models of electrons and protons which were the only known particles at that time. Einstein searched for solutions or general-relativistic field equations for the combined gravitational and electromagnetic fields representing mass and charge distributions with central symmetry and he hoped there would emerge self-consistent solutions only for discrete values of the mass and charge parameters i.e. for a 'particle spectrum.'</p> <br /> <p>"This 'Einstein particle problem' pursued ideas that had been developed already in the framework of the special theory of relativity and the Maxwell-Lorentz electrodynamics for instance in the nonlinear theory of the electromagnetic field by G. Mie and D. Hilbert. As an essential progress by the general-relativistic treatment Einstein regarded the genuine nonlinearity of the field equations which Mie and Hilbert had to introduce ad hoc and full consideration of the particle dynamics in the sense of the general-relativistic problem of motion. The generalizations of the Maxwell equations considered by Mie and Hilbert contain a too small number of components for the integrability conditions to determine the particle dynamics whereas the Einstein problem of motion in the GRT furnishers just this dynamics as a consequence of the integrability conditions for the field equations of gravitation. It is the GRT that with its metric field for the first time embraces inertia and gravity that is just those properties which are characteristic of all particles.</p> <br /> <p>"Einstein in fact succeeded in driving self-consistent gravitational and electromagnetic fields which can be interpreted as particle models of that kind. But his success depended on a weakening of his own equations of gravitation which physically amounts to the introduction of an additional hypothetical cosmical field of the 'Poincaré pressure.' By this weakening it becomes possible to set up self-consistent particle models with spherical symmetry for arbitrary centrosymmetric mass and charge distributions. In 1919 Einstein presented his result to the academy in his paper 'Spielen Gravitationsfelder im Aufbau der materiellen Elementarteilchen eine wesentliche Rolle' His answer to the question says that in his particle models the electrical field energy contributes ¾ and the gravitational energy ¼ of the total energy.</p> <br /> <p>"Einstein's first discourses on the particle problem in the GRT were closely related to the 1917/18 papers in which he laid the foundations of relativistic cosmology. In his Academy report 'Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie' 'Cosmological considerations on the general theory of relativity' 1917 Einstein had by introducing the term λgμν with the 'cosmological constant' λ extended his equations of gravitation to his cosmological equations of gravitation</p> <br /> <p>Rμν - ½ gμνR λgμν = - κ Tμν . </p> <br /> <p>He could show that these equations permit as a particular solution with λ > 0 and constant positive mass density a statical model of the universe representing a closed spheric or elliptic three devotional Riemannian space .</p> <br /> <p>"In his paper of 1919 about the role of gravitation in the structure of elementary particles Einstein also interpreted the cosmological constant λ as the universal 'Poincaré' pressure' which according to a hypothesis of H. Poincaré is to guarantee the stability of Lorentz's electrons against their own repulsion forces. Einstein's ideas concerning this matter partly resulted from a controversial discussion with E. Schrödinger 1918 about the gravitational energy in the GRT and the structure of the energy tensor" Treder pp. 149-151.</p> <br /> <p>Indeed Schrödinger had pointed out another way of treating the cosmological constant: moving it from the left-hand side of equation where it represents a contribution to space-time curvature to the right-hand side where it represents a contribution to the energy-matter distribution. Then it would correspond physically to a kind of cosmic pressure. Schrödinger believed this might be the pressure postulated by Poincaré to maintain the stability of charged particles: an electric charge on the surface of a sphere creates a force pushing outwards so without any opposing force the charged sphere would explode outwards. </p> <br /> <p>Einstein never liked the cosmological constant. In the present paper he acknowledged that his introduction of the cosmological constant was "gravely detrimental to the formal beauty of the theory" Cambridge Companion to Einstein p. 257.</p> <br /> <p>Boni-Russ-L. 111; Schilpp 123; Weil 106. Treder 'Antimatter and the particle problem in Einstein's cosmology and field theory of elementary particles A historical essay on Einstein's work at the Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin' Astronomische Nachrichten 296 1975 pp. 149-161.</p> <br/> <br/> Large 8vo 254 x 182 mm pp. 349-356. Original printed wrappers. A very fine copy. Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften, In Kommission bei Walter de Gruyter [Reichsdruckerei] unknown
1494091399.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
50102pamphlet. 11 pages p 1105-1115 FROM: Annalen der Physik fourth series vol. 33. Modern wrappers. Leipzig 1910.<br/> <br/> unknown
0394735242.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
0025351001.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
19162364Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedr Vieweg and Son 1916. First edition. Original wrappers. Very Good. FIRST PRINTING IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS OF ONE OF EINSTEIN'S MAJOR WORKS: HIS FIRST PAPER ON THE DERIVATION OF PLANK'S LAW AND PROVIDING THE THEORETICAL BASIS FOR THE LASER. "Einstein commended the 'unparalleled boldness' of Planck's derivation of 1900 meaning not only the problem itself but also the fact that it was based on assumptions that were not entirely free of contradictions. Einstein now succeeded in the first of two papers in eliminating that flaw. More interesting than the derivation itself was the general character of his methods. Einstein proceeded from Niels Bohr's basic--and by then well tested--assumption that the electrons within an atom occupy a number of discrete energy states and are able through emission or absorption of radiation to pass from one of those states to another. Added to this was an assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium between radiation field and atom as well as a consideration of the 'classical' limiting case at high temperatures--and there was Planck's formula. This brief argument. also covers emission stimulated by the radiation field; thus the formulas already by implication contain the theory of the laser though it was to take nearly half a century to be realized" Folsing Albert Einstein 389. Weil 85.<br /> <br /> The "implication" containing the theory of the laser was more fully developed in his companion paper "On the Quantum Theory of Radiation" published a few weeks later. In the first paper Einstein wrestled with the concept that the atomic emission of radiation could be a directed process; in the second paper he convincingly demonstrates that this is indeed the case.<br /> <br /> IN: Verhandl. D. Deutch. Phys. Ges. Vol 18 pp. 318-323. Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedr. Vieweg and Son 1916. Octavo original wrappers; housed in custom half leather chemise. One thread literally resewn on wrappers a little creasing and soiling. A beautiful copy. RARE IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS. Druck und Verlag von Friedr Vieweg and Son unknown
19161614Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedr. Vieweg and Son 1916. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF AN IMPORTANT WORK BY EINSTEIN: HIS FIRST PAPER ON THE DERIVATION OF PLANCK'S LAW HERE INTRODUCING THE THEORY OF THE STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION INTO THE QUANTUM THEORY. "EINSTEIN'S CONCEPT OF STIMULATED EMISSION IS THE OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF THE NOW UBIQUITOUS LASER" Brandt Harvest of the Century 136. <br /> <br /> In 1900 Max Planck laid the foundation for quantum theory with his publication of Planck's law. Though Einstein commended Planck in his own "light-quantum hypothesis of 1905 he Einstein postulated that the energy quantization is a property of the radiation field itself and not due to the material resonators as Planck believed" ibid. "Einstein found a similarity between a cavity filled with radiation consisting of quanta and a vessel filled with gas consisting of atoms" Brandt Harvest of the Century 136. Einstein believed that "although either part of Planck's derivation was in itself consistent their combination was logically incompatible.For Einstein this inconsistency was no reason to reject Planck's quantum theory as such" it was a reason to study the foundations of traditional radiation theory and if needed revise them Jammer The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics 26. <br /> <br /> "After completion of his general theory of relativity in 1916 Einstein was able to derive Planck's original quantum law to his satisfaction "by considering the possible interactions between radiation and matter" Brandt. From there he was able to suggest that in addition to spontaneous emission and absorption a process of stimulated emission could also take place. <br /> <br /> In Einstein's derivation of Planck's law he treats "the interaction between light quanta and atoms in the formalism of his A and B coefficients. They describe the probabilities for the absorption and emission of a light quantum of a given energy. The probability of absorption is of course proportional to the density of the radiation of that frequency. The emission is in part spontaneous like radioactivity but there is also stimulated emission which again is proportional to the density of the radiation of that frequency ibid. This is one of two papers Einstein wrote on the subject. <br /> <br /> Einstein's derivation "predicted that as light passed through a substance it could stimulate the emission of more light. This effect is at the heart of the modern laser" The Quantum and the Cosmos I History AIP portal. CONDITION & DETAILS: Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedr. Vieweg and Son. 8.5 x 6 in. vi 485 1 2 368. 2. Ex-libris with few markings and non at the spine see scan. Tightly bound. Brown cloth over marbled paper boards; gilt- ruled and lettered at the spine. Clean and bright throughout. Near fine. This volume is bound together with the 1916 volume titled Halbmonatliches Literaturverzeichnis der "Fortschritte der Physik" Bi-monthly bibliography of the "Advances in Physics". Druck und Verlag von Friedr. Vieweg and Son hardcover
192579Paris: Gauthier-Villars 1925. First French edition of Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Korper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies and 1st die Tragheit eines Korpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhangig Does the Inertia of a Body Depend on its Energy Content. Both 1905 treatises are "beyond compare and without precedent one of the greatest scientific achievements in content and one of the most brilliant in style" Gosling Albert Einstein. <br /> <br /> The first paper is "a landmark in the development of physics one of the two papers that laid out the theory of special relativity formulated a new conception of time. By assuming that the speed of light is the same to every observer moving at a constant velocity Einstein showed that space and time were not independent: spacetime was born. According to Hermann Weyl in 1918 this theory ‘led to the discovery that time is associated as a fourth coordinate on an equal footing with the other three coordinates of space and that the scene of material events the world is therefore a four-dimensional metrical continuum.' It was a revolutionary piece of scientific work" Calaprice The Einstein Almanac 15. <br /> <br /> In the second work Einstein uses "the postulates of the special theory of relativity Einstein showed that energy radiated is equivalent to mass lost. For the first time he concluded that ‘the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content'" ibid 16. CONDITION & DETAILS: Paris: Gauthier-Villars 1925. Small 8vo. 4 56 2 6 catalog. ILLUSTRATION: Frontispiece portrait of Einstein. EXTERIOR: Complete issue bound in original light brown stiff wraps. Some light surface dirt on the front wraps and a small area in the lower right where a piece of tape has been removed. Two barely visible repairs at the spine. Tightly bound. INTERIOR: Complete. Very small spot at the upper margin of page 3. Otherwise very good condition throughout. Gauthier-Villars paperback
192539308Paris Gauthier-Villars et Cie 1925. Small8vo. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Portrait. 4562 pp. Publisher's Cat. 6 pp. 2 leaves with an insignificant small loss of upper right corner. A fine copy. <br/><br/><em>First French edition of the initials papers on Special Relativity. It is a translation of the 2 Einstein-papers which appeared in 1905 "Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" and "Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig ". Published in the series "Les Maitres de la Pensee scientifique". - Weil: 9 c - Schielpp-Schields: 189. - Boni-Laurence: 9 B and 10 B. </em> unknown
1931270891931. S.Ber. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1931/13. - Berlin Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften 1931 8° 11 S. orig. Broschur. First Edition; the rare off-print from the "Sitzungsberichte". More and more frequently Einstein chose his assistants from mathematicians." One of the chief of them at that time was Professor Walter Mayer a small round individual who at first sight seemed crushed beneath the personality of Einstein. Einstein's family called him Mayerle and this Swabian diminutive suited him to perfection. But in Mayer's self-effacement there was more affection than respect. He gently contradicted Einstein interrupted him when necessary follwed up an argument and smiled a little mysteriously his head on one side as he watched the figures drawn up in front of him. "It is he who produced all my calculations; his skill is fantastic you know "Einstein used to say. In October 1933 Mayer followed Einstein in his American exile. -cf. Alicke Weil No.180; Schilpp-Shields No. 250; Alicke No. 149. unknown
193138647Berlin Akademie der Wissenschaften 1931. 4to. Orig. printed green wrappers in Sitzungsberichte 1931 Heft XIII-XV pp. 257-65. Small nicks to frontwrapper. <br/><br/><em>First edition in the periodical form. - Weil: 180. </em> unknown
