Einstein

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EINSTEIN, AlbertBiblio.com

Physik und Realitat

BOSE, SATYENDRA NATH [EINSTEIN, ALBERT]Biblio.com

Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese Planck’s Law and Light Quantum Hypothesis. WITH: Wärmegleichgewicht im Strahlungsfeld bei Anwesenheit von Materie

19242905Berlin: Julius Springer 1924. First edition. original wrappers. Very Good. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS of the presentation of "Bose-Einstein statistics." â€œIn 1924 Bose found a way to derive Planckâ€™s equation for black body radiation using a statistical approach based entirely on the idea that light is made up of tiny particles photons. This echoed the statistical mechanics approach of Ludwig Boltzmann to the behaviour of gases but using a different statistical rule; it derives black body radiation entirely in quantum terms without using the idea of electromagnetic radiation at all. Bose wrote a paper about his discovery and sent it to Albert Einstein who immediately saw its significance translated it into German and arranged for its publication in the prestigious Zeitschrift fÃ¼r Physik. Einstein developed the idea to apply to other kinds of particle not just to a â€˜gasâ€™ of photons which is why this approach is usually referred to as â€˜Bose-Einstein statisticsâ€™. Paul Dirac coined the name â€˜bosonsâ€™ for particles which obey Bose-Einstein statistics" Gribbin Q is for Quantum. Particle Physics: One Hundred Years of Discoveries: â€œDiscovery of new statistical counting rules for light quanta and a new derivation of Planckâ€™s radiation law. Known as Bose-Einstein quantum statistics for particles with integer spins.â€ WITH a follow-up paper by Bose: "WÃ¤rmegleichgewicht im Strahlungsfeld bei Anwesenheit von Materie": "Bose's first paper in 'Zeitschrift fÃ¼r Physik' was followed by another that was also translated by Einstein and published during 1924. In it Bose provided a general statistical treatment of emission and absorption processes for electromagnetic radiation in equilibrium with matter. This paper was accompanied by a note by Einstein expressing serious doubts about the method. In January 1925 Bose wrote to Einstein from Paris that he was working on a paper he felt would remove these doubts. But it seems never to have been completed" DSB. Plancks Gesetz und Lichtquantenhypothese. IN: Zeitschrift fÃ¼r Physik Vol 26 No. 3 August 1924 pp. 178-81. Berlin: Julius Springer 1924. â€œWÃ¤rmegleichgewichtâ€ Vol 27 No. 5/6 September 1924 pp. 384-93. Octavo original wrappers. â€œPlanks Gesetzâ€ with small closed tear at rear wrapper edge; otherwise fine condition; â€œWÃ¤rmegleichgewichtâ€ with small chip to base of front wrapper. SCARCE in original wrappers. Julius Springer unknown

The Manhattan Rare Book Company · États-Unis7 800,00 $US≈ 6 599,58 €

EINSTEIN, ALBERT; KARSH, YOUSUFBiblio.com

Portrait Photograph of Albert Einstein signed by Yousuf Karsh

19482327Princeton NJ: np 1948. framed. Fine. ONE OF THE MOST CELEBRATED IMAGES OF EINSTEIN SIGNED BY MASTER PHOTOGRAPHER YOUSUF KARSH. On February 11 1948 Yousuf Karsh perhaps the most accomplished portrait photographer of his generation visited The Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton to fulfill a dream of his: to photograph Albert Einstein. As he later explained: "Among the tasks that life as a photographer had set me a portrait of Albert Einstein had always seemed a 'must' - not only because this greatest refugee of our century has been accounted by all the world as the most outstanding scientist since Newton but because his face in all its rough grandeur invited and challenged the camera." Karsh: Beyond the Camera David Travis ed. "At Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study I found Einstein a simple kindly almost childlike man too great for any of the postures of eminence. One did not have to understand his science to feel the power of his mind or the force of his personality" official Karsh website. "Awed before this unique intellect I yet ventured to ask Einstein his views on human immortality. He mused for a moment and then replied 'What I believe of immortality There are two kinds. The first lives in the imagination of people and is thus an illusion. There is a relative immortality which may conserve the memory of an individual for some generations. But there is only one true immortality on a cosmic scale ant that is the immortality of the cosmos itself. There is no other.' "He spoke of these ultimate mysteries as calmly as he might a student's question about mathematics - with such an air of quiet confidence indeed that I found his answer profoundly disturbing to one who held other views. Knowing him to be an accomplished violinist I turned the conversation and asked if there were any connection between music and mathematics. 'In art he said 'and in the higher ranges of science there is a feeling of harmony which underlies all endeavour. There is no true greatness in art or science without that sense of harmony. He who lacks it can never be more than a great technician in either field.' "Was he optimistic about the future harmony of mankind itself He appeared to ponder deeply and remarked in graver tones: 'Optimistic No. But if mankind fails to find a harmonious solution than there will be disaster on a dimension beyond anyone's imagination.' To what source should we look for the hope of the world's future 'To ourselves' said Einstein. He spoke sadly yet serenely as one who had looked into the universe far past mankind's small affairs. In this humor my camera caught him. the portrait of a man who had traveled beyond hope or despair." Yousuf Karsh Regarding Heroes. Opening quote from: Colin Naylor ed. Contemporary Photographers. Silver print. Photo taken Princeton 1948. Printed later. Signed by Karsh in full beneath the image on photographer's mount. With Karsh's original calling "card" - a 4x10 inch cardboard slip - included. Image: 8x9 inches. Framed to an overall size of 12x15 inches. Fine condition. np unknown

The Manhattan Rare Book Company · États-Unis5 000,00 $US≈ 4 230,50 €

Einstein, Albert and Paul EhrenfextBiblio.com

Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach

1922432871922. Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Paul Ehrenfest 1880-1933. Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach. Offprint from Zeitschrift für Physik 11 1922. 31-34pp. 229 x 155 mm. Original printed self-wrappers. Light toning but fine otherwise. First Edition Offprint Issue. In 1922 the physicists Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach conducted a now-classic experiment in which a beam of silver atoms was streamed through an inharmonious magnetic field in order to observe the atoms' deflection patterns. Rather than a random and continuous distribution as predicted by classical theory the atoms passing through the field were deflected up or down by a specific amount demonstrating that they had intrinsically quantum properties. The Stern-Gerlach experiment corroborated the Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom and strongly influenced later developments in 20th century physics. However the experiment also created some serious difficulties for quantum physicists in the period before the rise of the "new" quantum mechanics. Einstein and Ehrenfest addressed one of these difficulties-connected with space quantization-in their joint paper in which "they dealt in particular with the problem of how the orbits of the atom would obtain their discrete directions which they exhibit while passing through the inhomogeneous magnetic field. Under the assumption that the mechanism causing the orientation was provided by the interaction with the radiation field Einstein and Ehrenfest estimated that for a field strength of 10000 G a change in the direction of the orbit would take place in roughly 1011 s; this long time interval would be reduced in the presence of heat radiation at room temperature . . . to about 109 s. How could they asked the experimental situation be explained which implied that the discrete orientations of the orbits in silver atoms were obtained in less than 10-4 s. In order to deal with this evident puzzle Einstein and Ehrenfest proposed two alternatives: first that the silver atoms were always in the states of spatial quantization; second the orientations of the electron orbits arose from an interaction of the atoms with the radiation field which involved much smaller reaction times . . . However they found that both alternatives created considerable difficulties in the understanding of the atomic processes . . . Thus Einstein and Ehrenfest concluded: 'The difficulties mentioned above show how unsatisfactory are both interpretations of the results found by Stern and Gerlach'" Mehra & Rechenberg The Historical Development of Quantum Theory 1 pp. 443-444. Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 328. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 121. . unknown

Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc. · États-Unis2 750,00 $US≈ 2 326,78 €

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