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191650341Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1916. Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Über Friedrich Kottlers Abhandlung "Über Einsteins Äquivalenzhypothese und die Gravitation." In Annalen der Physik 51 638-642 pp. Red cloth with gilt lettering on the spine. Whole volume: 883 pp. 4 plates. Figs. Text-illust. 210 x 130 mm. A very good copy.<br /> <br /> <p>Weil's Einstein Bibliography no. 81. <br> <br /> Boni's Einstein Checklist no. 79. </p> . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown
191638829Leipzig J.A. Barth 1916. Orig. printed wrappers. Frontwrapper lacking lower left coener. "Annalenn der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 51. 6. Heft." =1916 No. 22 pp. 577-684 and 3 plates. Einstein's paper: pp. 639-42. Internally clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First edition. Weil No 81. </em> unknown
191050336Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1910. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Uber einen Satz der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung und seine Anwendung in der Strahlungstheorie with L. Hopf. pp. 1096-1104. Weil 34 Boni 29. 2 Statistiche Untersuchung der Bewegung eines Resonators in einem Strahlungsfeld with L. Hopf. pp. 1105-1115. Weil 35 Boni 30. 3 Theorie der Opaleszens von homogenen Flüssigkeiten und Flüssigkeitsgemischen in der Nähe des kritischen Zustandes. pp. 1275-1298. Weil 36. In Annalen der Physik und Chemie 33. Red cloth with gilt lettering on the spine. Whole volume: viii 1584 pp. 6 plates. Text-figs. 210 x 130 mm. Very good copy. </p> <br /> <br /> <p>Approximate English translations of titles and brief explanations of papers:<br> <br /> <br /> 1 "On a theorem of probability calculus and its application in the radiation theory." "Einstein and Hopf wrote this paper to show that the failure of statistical mechanics vis-a-vis the radiation law cannot be ameliorated by proposing that individual statistical events in the emission of light from different points on the surface of a luminous body are not actually independent but instead are interdependent with each other. Even if one assumes a failure to be statistically independent one derives the same usual form of the radiation law as Fourier sum." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015.</p> <br /> <br /> <p>2 "Statistical investigation of the movement of a resonator in a radiation field." With: L. Hopf. "The authors make use of the results in no. 1 above demonstrating that the Rayleigh-Jeans law of radiation is an unavoidable consequence of statistics even if we avoid assumptions that we may think need correction. In other words we cannot blame statistics for a faulty result." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. </p> <br /> <br /> <p>3 "Theory of the opalescence of homogenous liquids and liquid mixtures near the critical state"."Einstein explains the optical effects that occur near the critical point of a fluid at which liquid gas phases can coexist and of a binary mixture of liquids that can also explain the blue color of the sky. It adds to earlier stuidies that provided evidence for the atomistic constitution of matter and is one of the most difficult papers to understand." p. 290. Calaprice Kennefick & Shulmann. An Einstein Encyclopedia. 2015. </p> <br /> <br /> <p>"October 1910. E. completes a paper on critical opalescence his last major work in classical statistical physics." Pais Subtle is the Lord. 523. </p> <br /> <br /> <p>Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 34 35 and 36 respectively.</p> <br /> <p>Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 29 30 and 31 respectively. </p> . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown
191038842Leipzig J.A. Barth 1910. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt a fs scratches to spine. VIII1584 pp. and 6 plates. Einstein papers: pp. 1096: pp. 1105-1115; pp. 1275-1298. Fine and clean. The whole volume offered. <br/><br/><em>All three papers first edition. The purpose of "A theorem in probability and its application in the Theory of radiation" is to demonstrate that the failure of statistical mechanics with respect to the radiation law Rayleigh - Jeans law contradicted by experience cannot be removed by the conjecture that perhaps the individual statistical events should not follow the usual law of independence product of probabilities instead of assuming a certain interdependence between them. Lanczos. The second paper "Statistical investigation on of the motion of an oscillator in a radiation field" makes use of the results of the previous investigation. Einstein's aim is to demonstrate that the Rayleigh-jeans law of radiation contracdicted by the physical facts is an unavoidable consequence of statistics even if we avoid any kind of assumption which may be suspected of needing correction. Lanczos. The third paper "Theory of the opalescence of homogenous fluids and fluid mixtures near the critical state" is an importent investigation and one of the most difficult of all his papers to understand. The aim of the paper is to complement the work of Smoluchovski Ann. d. Physik25 1908 who gave a general explanation of the strong density fluctuations - and the opalescence thus generated - of two fluids near the critical state of mixture or a single fluid near the critical state of condensation on the basis of the kinetic theory of heat. he did notgive howeverthe quantitative details concerning the scattered light associated with this phenomenon. Lanczos. - Weil Nos 34 35 and 36 with an asterix denoting major work. </em> unknown
191049714Leipzig Barth 1910. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Annalen der Physik" Bd. 33 1910. Entire volume offered. Library stamp to verso of title page light wear to extremities. Otherwise fine and clean. pp. 1096-1104 and pp. 1105-1115; Pp. 1275-1298 Entire volume: VIII 1584 pp. 6 plates. <br/><br/><em>First appearance of all three papers. The purpose of "A theorem in probability and its application in the Theory of radiation" is to demonstrate that the failure of statistical mechanics with respect to the radiation law Rayleigh - Jeans law contradicted by experience cannot be removed by the conjecture that perhaps the individual statistical events should not follow the usual law of independence product of probabilities instead of assuming a certain interdependence between them. Lanczos. The second paper "Statistical investigation on of the motion of an oscillator in a radiation field" makes use of the results of the previous investigation. Einstein's aim is to demonstrate that the Rayleigh-jeans law of radiation contracdicted by the physical facts is an unavoidable consequence of statistics even if we avoid any kind of assumption which may be suspected of needing correction. Lanczos. The third paper "Theory of the opalescence of homogenous fluids and fluid mixtures near the critical state" is an importent investigation and one of the most difficult of all his papers to understand. The aim of the paper is to complement the work of Smoluchovski Ann. d. Physik25 1908 who gave a general explanation of the strong density fluctuations - and the opalescence thus generated - of two fluids near the critical state of mixture or a single fluid near the critical state of condensation on the basis of the kinetic theory of heat. he did notgive howeverthe quantitative details concerning the scattered light associated with this phenomenon. Lanczos. - Weil Nos 34 35 and 36 with an asterix denoting major work.Weil No. 34 35 & 36. </em> hardcover
191029307Leipzig Barth 1910. 8vo. Extracted from "Annalen der Physik IV Bd. 33" pp. 1096-1104 and pp. 1105-1115. Fine and clean. Supplied with a facsimile wrapper from the offprint to the first paper. <br/><br/><em>Both works in first edition. - Weil No. 34 and 35. </em> unknown
1906432891906. <p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955. Über eine Methode zur Bestimmung des Verhältnisses der transversalen und longitudinalen Masse des Elektrons. Offprint from Annalen der Physik 21 1906. 583-586pp. 223 x 145 mm. Original printed wrappers chipped spine splitting minor spotting. Light toning but very good.</p> <p>First Edition Rare Offprint Issue. In his landmark 1905 paper on special relativity Einstein used the velocity-dependent concepts of transverse and longitudinal mass for the moving electron these terms have now been replaced with the concept of relativistic mass first defined by Lewis and Tolman in 1909. In the present paper Einstein proposed an experimental method for determining the ratio of the transverse to the longitudinal mass and invited experimentalists to verify his special theory of relativity. Einstein later abandoned velocity-dependent mass concepts stating in 1948 that "it is better to introduce no other mass concept than the 'rest mass' m" quoted in L. B. Okun "The concept of mass" Physics Today 1989: 31-36. Lavenda A New Perspective on Relativity pp. 7-8. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 14. </p> . unknown
190650324Leipzig Ambrosius Barth 1906. 8vo. In contemporary halv calf with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. In "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 21. Entire volume offered. Stamp to title page. Wear to extremities. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 583-86. Entire volume: 1055 VIII pp. <br/><br/><em>First printing of Einstein's paper on a method for the determination of the transversal and longitudinal mass of the electron. This eventually caused a major breakthrough in Weil no. 14 </em> hardcover
190638833Leipzig J. A. Barth 1906. Contemp. hcloth. Light wear to edges. A small tear at upper part of fronthinge. "Annalen der Physik. Vierte Folge. Band 21. Hrsg. von W.Wien und M. Planck". VIII1056 pp.and 9 plates. Einstein paper: pp. 583-86. Internally clean and fine. The whole volume offered. <br/><br/><em>First edition. Einsten describes in this paper "Method for the determination of the ratio of the transversal to the longitudinal mass of the electron" an apparatus which would make it possible to determine with great accuracy the law according to which the mass of the electron changes with the velocity. - Weil No 14. </em> hardcover
192132433Berlin: Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1921 Berichte 51-53 1921. First Edition. Soft cover. First Edition. Soft cover. ALBERT EINSTEIN. Über eine naheliegende Ergänzung des Fundamentes der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie Berlin 1921 8vo. 26.5 x 18.5 cms Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1921 Berichte 51-53 pp.261-264. Original printed wrappers. NEAR MINT CONDITION. A fine fresh example small pencil mark to upper wrapper of THIS RARE PAPER!! - ."Although Einstein could not accept Weyl's theory as a physical theory he cherished "its courageous mathematical construction" and thought intensively about its conceptual foundation. This becomes clear from his paper "On a complement at hand of the bases of general relativity" of 1921. In it he raised the question whether it would be possible to generate a geometry just from the conformal invariance of Equation without use of the conception "distance" i.e. without using rulers and clocks. He then embarked on conformal invariants and tensors of gauge-weight 0 and gave the one formed from the square of Weyl's conformal curvature tensor" Hubert F.M. Goenner On the History of Unified Field Theories. Reference: Weil N. 116; Schlipp-Shields No.145. Akad. Wiss. Berl., 1921, Berichte 51-53 unknown
1921433161921. Offprint from Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1921. Single sheet pp. 882-883. 256 x 184 mm. Minor marginal tears one corner chipped but very good. First ediiton offprint issue. "Since after 1917 Einstein firmly believed that light-quanta were here to stay it is not surprising that he would look for new ways in which the existence of photons might lead to observable devations from the classical picture. In this he did not succeed. At one point in 1921 he thought he had found a new quantum criterion published in the present paper but it soon turned out to be a false lead" Pais Subtle is the Lord pp. 412-413. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 118. unknown
190750595Leibzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. 8vo. In contemporary full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 23. Entire volume offered. Ex-libris pasted on to top right corner of pasted down front free end-paper. Light rubbing to extremities a very fine and clean copy not an ex-library copy. Pp.371-384. Entire volume: VIII 1000 pp. 4 plates. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's landmark energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography vol. 4 pp.323 for examples. However in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' the offered paper which predates the former mentioned by six months Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2 and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content e.g. that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' the offered paper Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"" pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19. </em> hardcover
190753408Leibzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed and light wear to spineends. In "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 23. VIII1000 pp. a. 4 plates. The entire volume offered. Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. Stamps on titlepage Allgemeine Electricitäts-Gesellschaft a. AEG Forschungsinstitut. Internally clean. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography vol. 4 pp.323 for examples. However in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' the offered paper which predates the former mentioned by six months Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2 and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content e.g. that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' the offered paper Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"" pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18. Further with 2 importent papers by Max v. Laue.Collected Works Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19. </em> unknown
190747457Leibzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Spine gilt. Title-and tomelabels with gilt lettering. Slightly rubbed. In "Annalen der Physik" Vierte Folge Band 23. VIII1000 pp. a. 4 plates. The entire volume offered. Einstein's paper: pp.371-384. A small stamp on titlepage Gmelin.Institut. Internally clean and fine. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the first explicit statement of Einstein's energy-mass equation E=mc2.Nearly all descriptions of Einstein's scientific work state that the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2 was first formulated in Einstein's 1907 review paper 'Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogenen.' published in 'Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik' see Weil no. 21 and Dictionary of Scientific Biography vol. 4 pp.323 for examples. However in his paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie' the offered paper which predates the former mentioned by six months Einstein gave a clear statement of the mass-energy equivalence E=mc2. See Lanczos: The Einstein Decade pp.149-150 and 153 as well as Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.Einstein's first paper regarding the relation E=mc2 is his fourth 1905 paper 'Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig'. In this short paper Einstein showed that a body releasing the energy E in the form of radiation will have its mass decreased by E/c2 and concluded that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content e.g. that all energy has mass. The next time Einstein returns to the subject is in his 1906 paper 'Das Prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunkts Bewegung und die Trägheit der Energie.'. Here Einstein concluded that one must either ascribe the inertial mass E/c2 to any form of energy E or else give up the fundamental law mechanics regarding conservation of the motion of the center of gravity. Then finally in the 1907 paper 'Über die von Relativitätsprincip geforderte Trägheit der Energie.' the offered paper Einstein makes the decisive step of assuming that all mass has energy. On page 382 Einstein considers the total energy of a moving mass point as the sum of its kinetic energy and its rest energy. In classical mechanics it is most convenient to set the second term to zero but in relativistic mechanics one obtains the simplest expression by setting the rest energy equal to mc2. Einstein then continues to show that this stipulation cannot lead to a contradiction in any relativistic argument. In a footnote on page 382 Einstein states for the first time the equation E=mc2 and mentions that this equation is the expression of the principle of the equivalence of mass and energy - see Volume 2 of 'The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein' pp. 428.The volume contains another paper by Einstein "Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die Translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz"" pp.206-208. - Weil No. 18.Collected Works Doc. 45. Weil 19. Boni 19. </em> unknown
1969__3112595998De Gruyter 1969. Hardcover. New. 21 reprint edition. 136 pages. German language. 5.00x0.44x8.00 inches. De Gruyter hardcover
1970__3112596013De Gruyter 1970. Hardcover. New. 21 reprint edition. 136 pages. German language. 5.00x0.44x8.00 inches. De Gruyter hardcover
19176547Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg 1917. Ninth printing. Acceptable. 23 cm; iv. 79 pages. Three figures in text along with numerous equations. In original printed wraps. Acceptable only with paper peeling from the spine and sewing tender. Paper cover is completely detached in front and hanging by a thread in back. The pages are yellowed. There is an ownership autograph of one E. Bodländer. That said a clean unmarked copy in original state. <br /><br />The original German edition of Einstein's epoch-making "On the Special and General Theory of Relativity. Friedrich Vieweg paperback
191722780Braunschweig Fridr. Vieweg. & Sohn 1917. "Heft 38 sammlung Vieweg" 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Title page with ink note and owners name. Some underlinings in ink. IV70 pp. <br/><br/><em>Second printing of the original from the same year. Weil No. 90. </em> unknown
1909376751909. Verh. Ges. Naturf. Ärzte 81/1. 2.T./1.2. - Versammlung Salzburg 1909 . - Leipzig F.C.W. Vogel 1910 8° 4 205 3; XII 234 4 pp.; XIV 317 1 39 Abbildungen im Text Halbleinenband Erstdruck! EINSTEIN und die Salzburger Naturforscherversammlung! "In das helle Rampenlicht der physikalischen Bühne trat das Quantenproblem erstmalig beim Auftritt EINSTEINS auf der 81. Versammlung der Deutschen Naturforscher und Ärzte die vom 19. bis 25. September 1909 in Salzburg stattfand. EINSTEIN war bislang nur einigen wenigen jüngeren Physikern die die Reise nach Bern nicht gescheut hatten persönlich bekannt geworden. Als EINSTEIN nun zum ersten Mal an einem Naturforscherkongreß teilnahm begegneten ihm viele Fachkollegen mit außergewöhnlichem Interesse; sein Auftreten war zweifellos ein Höhepunkt der Tagung. Die Versammlung blieb - was insbesondere die "stark besuchte physikalische Abteilung" betraf - allen Beteiligten als höchst glanzvoll in Erinnerung. So schrieb etwa LISE MEITNER: "This congress was altogether a very impressive experience. It was attended by theoretical and experimental physicists from the entire world . . It was really something quite out of the ordinary a most stimulating meeting". EINSTEINS Vortrag fand in der Abteilung Physik in Gemeinschaft mit der Abteilung Mathematik am 21. September 1909 zu Beginn der Nachmittagssitzung statt. Aus den angegebenen Zahlen kann man schließen daß über 100 Hörer EINSTEINS Referat beiwohnten unter ihnen ein Großteil der führenden Physiker des deutschen Sprachraumes. EINSTEINS Vortrag "Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" beeindruckte die Hörer zumindest die jüngeren gewaltig. EINSTEIN vertrat und begründete die These daß weder die bisherige Wellentheorie noch eine naiv-korpuskulare Auffassung des Lichtes angemessen ist sondern daß "eine Art Verschmelzung von Undulations- und Emissionstheorie" die Wirklichkeit trifft. EINSTEIN hatte damit in die Optik das Dualitätsprinzip eingeführt welches nach einem Worte SOMMERFELDS "unter allen erstaunlichen Entdeckungen dieses Jahrhunderts die erstaunlichste ist". Wie MAX BORN registrierte wurde "von der versammelten Gelehrsamkeit EINSTEINS Leistung abgestempelt". EINSTEIN wurde sozusagen in den engen Kreis der führenden Physiker aufgenommen. Tatsächlich spricht aus PLANCKS Diskussionsbemerkung große Hochachtung wenn auch PLANCK den kühnen Ideen des jungen EINSTEIN was die Lichtquantenhypothese betraf gleichsam noch die offizielle Billigung versagte. Zweifellos muß der Auftritt EINSTEINS und PLANCKS Stellungnahme großes Aufsehen erregt haben. Unmittelbar vordergründig konnte EINSTEIN mit seiner Lichtquantenhypothese nicht durchdringen. FRITZ REICHE einer der zahlreichen jüngeren Teilnehmer berichtete: "I must say I was very much impressed by the appearance of the second term in the fiuctuation formula. Though it is of course a rather indistinct proof of photons'. I remember of course that people were opposed and tried to find another reason or tried to give the formula another form." Auch PAUL EPSTEIN glaubte nicht daß EINSTEIN mit seinem Vortrag allzuviele überzeugte: "HEILBRON: Do you recall whether that talk of EINSTEIN had a great effect' EPSTEIN: NO great effect. You see the chairman of the meeting was PLANCK and he immediately said that it was very interesting but he did not quite agree with it. And the only man who seconded at that meeting was JOHANNES STARK. You see it was too far advanced". Für EINSTEIN war die Salzburger Tagung nicht nur deshalb bedeutungsvoll weil er hier zum ersten Male vor einem großen Kreis seine Gedanken vortragen konnte sondern ihm hier auch die Möglichkeit gegeben war mit seinen Kollegen in einen persönlichen Gedankenaustausch zu treten. Dies gilt für MAX PLANCK für MAX BORN und besonders für ARNOLD SOMMERFELD. Die nach Herkommen und Veranlagung so verschiedenen Männer der Ostpreuße SOMMERFELD und der Weltbürger EINSTEIN begründeten in Salzburg eine auf gegenseitige Hochachtung basierende Zuneigung die den Wandel der Zeiten überdauerte. EINSTEIN schloß wie er an JOHANN JACOB LAUB schrieb SOMMERFELD stürmisch in sein Herz. Er sei "ganz verliebt" in ihn denn "er ist ein prachtvoller Kerl". Ähnlich hegte auch SOMMERFELD für EINSTEIN fortan das Gefühl der "Bewunderung und Verehrung". Konnte man EINSTEIN in der Lichtquantenhypothese auch nicht folgen mußte man seine Überlegungen doch als scharfsinnig anerkennen. Jedenfalls war nun seit dem ersten Hervortreten im Jahre 1905 EINSTEIN aus einem unbekannten "Experten III. Klasse" beim Eidgenössischen Patentamt zu einem Manne geworden dem ungewöhnlicher Respekt gezollt wurde. Wesentlich war daß EINSTEIN in seinem Salzburger Referat nicht nur über die Spezielle Relativitätstheorie vortrug "die er kleineren Propheten überließ" sondern hauptsächlich über das Quantenproblem. Vor dem Forum der großen Physikerversammlung wurde so die Bedeutung dieses weitgehend ungelösten Fragenkomplexes hervorgehoben. EINSTEINS Ansehen das er sich vor allem durch die Begründung der Speziellen Relativitätstheorie verschafft hatte veranlaßte nun manchen Kollegen doch sich auch mit dem Quantenproblem ernsthaft zu beschäftigen. Heute betrachten wir Relativitäts- und Quantentheorie als zuständig für getrennte Erfahrungsbereiche: Die Spezielle Relativitätstheorie basiert auf der Endlichkeit der Lichtgeschwindigkeit während die nichtrelativistische Quantentheorie als Konsequenz der Naturkonstanten h 4= 0 erscheint. Haben also die beiden wichtigsten physikalischen Theorien des beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts auch keinen logischen Zusammenhang so war doch ihre Entwicklung historisch eng verknüpft. Die Erfolge der Relativitätstheorie bewirkten eine schnellere Entwicklung der Quantentheorie." Armin Hermann & Ulrich Benz Quanten- und relativitätstheorie im Speigel der Naturforscherversammlungen 1906-1920 pp.130-131 unknown
190750420Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1907. Einstein explicitly establishes E=mc2.<p>Einstein Albert 1879-1955. 1 Über die Möglichkeit einer neuen Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips. In Annalen der Physik 23 6: pp. 197-8. 2 Bemerkungen zu der Notiz von Hrn. Paul Ehrenfest: "Die translation deformierbarer Elektronen und der Flächensatz." In Annalen der Physik 23 6: pp. 206-8. 3 Über die vom relativitätsprinzip geforderte Trägheit der Energie. In Annalen der Physik 23 7: pp. 371-384. 8vo. Red cloth gilt lettering on spine. 214 x 140 mm. Whole volume: viii 1000 pp. 4 plates numbered Taf. I - IV. Tafs. I II and IV are folding Taf. III is b/w silver photograph tipped to sheet. Foot of the spine is repaired. Very good. </p> <br /> <br /> <p>Approximate English translations of titles: 1 "On the possibility of a new test of the principle of relativity." 2 "Remarks on Mr. Paul Ehrenfest's note: 'The translation of deformable electrons and the surface theorem.'" 3 "On the inertia of energy required by the principle of relativity." </p> In "On the inertia of energy required by the relativity principle" May 1907 "Using rather than m V rather than c and 0 rather than E0 Einstein wrote his famous equation for the first time as V2= 0 and he did it in a footnote. At the end of that paper he introduced the symbol E0 to denote energy in the rest frame and wrote the famous expression again this time as =E0/V2." -Eugene Hecht How Einstein confirmed E0 = mc2 </p> <p> In the third paper Einstein explicitly establishes his famous equation E=mc2 although with different symbols. In this paper Einstein discussed the relationship between inertial mass and energy arguing for their complete equivalence namely that every mass has an equivalent energy just as every form of energy has an equivalent mass. This relation says that a photon can convert for the equivalence of mass and energy his celebrated equation E = mc2 Calaprice The Einstein Almanac. </p> <br /> <br /> <p> Weil's Einstein Bibliography nos. 17 18 and 19 respectively. <br> Boni's Einstein Checklist nos. 17 18 and 19 respectively.</p> . Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown
190741347Leipzig Barth 1907. 8vo. Extract from "Annalen der Physik IV23" pp.197-198. <br/><br/><em>First edition in the periodical form. - Weil No. 17. </em> unknown
190729338Leipzig Barth 1907. 8vo. Extract from "Annalen der Physik IV23" pp.197-198. Some slight browning to leaves. <br/><br/><em>First edition. Weil No. 17. </em> unknown
190738817Leipzig J.A. Barth 1907. Contep. hcloth. Both hinges with a tear at upper part. "Annalen der Physik Vierte Folge. Band 23. Herausgegeben von W.Wien und M. Planck" VIII1000 pp. and 4 plates. Einstein's papers pp. 197-98 a. 206-209 a. 371-384. Internally fine and clean. The whole volume offered. <br/><br/><em>All 3 papers in first edition. - The first paper "New possibility of testing the relativity principle" deals with the shift of canal rays in the Dobbler effect as a possible confirmation of the Principle of Relativity - the confirmation became actual only in 1938 when new improved instrumentation made it possible. - The second paper "remarks concerning Paul Ehrenfest's note: 'Translation of the deformable electron and the momentum law' Einstein gives his answer by relating it to his Theory of Relativity. - The third paper "The inertia of energy as demanded by the principle of relativity" which is a importen paper as it i is the first to state E=mc2 in its general form. general form. This new relation which was adumbrated already in his paper of 1906 Das prinzip von der Erhaltung der Schwerpunktsbewegung brings about the complete unification of mass and energy into a single concept. In natural units which make c=1 we have E=m i.e. mass and energy are one and the same quantity. Every form of energy also has a mass value just as every mass represents a definite amount of energy. - Weil Nos 1718 a. 19 </em> hardcover
192234667Berlin Julius Springer 1922-24. 8vo. In: "Zeitschrift für Physik" Vol. 10 pp. 377 ff.Vol.11 pp.326 vol.16 pp.228 vol.21 pp.326-332. The entire four volumes offered here. Contemporary half cloth bindings. <br/><br/><em>Two landmark papers in the history of cosmology: All first editions. In 'Über die Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the non-stationary solutions to Einstein's field equations. Einstein quickly responded in a short comment 'Bemerkung' in which he expressed his suspicion of such a model of the Universe and apparently pointed out an error in Friedman's calculations. However Friedman now wrote a letter to Einstein in which he enclosed his full calculations. Shortly after this Einstein submitted a short notice Notiz in which he admitted that he himself had performed a calculation error and that Friedman's solutions which shed new light on the matter were valid. Friedman's expanding universe model was corroborated by Edwin Hubble's red-shift observations in 1929. In 'Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the Friedman-equations and demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedman-models describing positive zero and negative curvature respectively nearly a decade before the independent discoveries of the same models by Lemaître Robertson and Walker. </em> hardcover
192249429Berlin Julius Springer 1922-24. 8vo. 4 contemporary half cloth binding: two in uniform half green cloth and two en uniform grey/blue half cloth. In "Zeitschrift für Physik" Bd. 10 11 16 & 21. Entire volumes offered. All volumes with stamp to title page and front free end paper otherwise a fine and clean set. Friedmann: Bd. 10: Pp. 377-386; Bd. 21: P.p. 326-332. Einstein: Bd. 11:P. 326; Bd. 16: P. 228. <br/><br/><em>First printing of these four landmark paper in which Friedman "introduced into cosmology two concepts of revolutionary importance the age og the world and the creation of the world" Kragh Cosmology and Controversy. "In his paper of 1922 Friedmann offered a complete analysis of the solutions of Einstein's cosmological field equations that went beyond the earlier solutions of Einstein and de Sitter as it also included nonstatic solutions. Friedmann did so clearly and explicitly: "The purpose of this note" he wrote "is firstly to show that the cylindrical Einsteinand spherical de Sitter worlds are special cases of more general assumptions and secondly to demonstrate the possibility of a world in which the curvature of space is independent of the three spatial coordinates but does on time".Ibid.In 'Über die Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the non-stationary solutions to Einstein's field equations. Einstein quickly responded in a short comment 'Bemerkung' in which he expressed his suspicion of such a model of the Universe and apparently pointed out an error in Friedman's calculations. However Friedman now wrote a letter to Einstein in which he enclosed his full calculations. Shortly after this Einstein submitted a short notice Notiz in which he admitted that he himself had performed a calculation error and that Friedman's solutions which shed new light on the matter were valid. Friedman's expanding universe model was corroborated by Edwin Hubble's red-shift observations in 1929. In 'Über die Möglichkeit einer Welt mit konstanter negativer Krümmung des Raumes' Friedman derived the Friedman-equations and demonstrated that he had command of all three Friedman-models describing positive zero and negative curvature respectively nearly a decade before the independent discoveries of the same models by Lemaître Robertson and Walker. "Friedmann made a valuable contribution to Einstein's general theory of relativity. As always his interest was not limited simply to familiarizing himself with this new field of science but led to his own remarkable investigations. Friedmann's work on the theory of relativity dealt with one of its most difficult questions the cosmological problem. In his paper "Über die Krümmung des Raumes" 1922 he outlined the fundamental ideas of his cosmology: the supposition concerning the homogeneity of the distribution of matter in space and the consequent homogence of "world" time for which at any moment in time the metrics of space will be identical at all points and in all directions. This theory is especially important because it leads to a sufficiently correct explanation of the fundamental phenomenon known as the "red shift." This solution of the Einstein field equations obtained from the above propositions is the model for any homogeneous and isotropic cosmological theory. It is interesting to note that Einstein thought that the cosmological solution to the equations of a field had to be static and had to lead to a closed model of the universe. Friedmann discarded both conditions and arrived at an independent solution. Einstein welcomed Friedmann's results because they showed the dispensability of the ad hoc cosmological term Einstein had been forced to introduce into the basic field equation of general relativity". DSB. Weil 122 & 130. </em> hardcover
