Einstein

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Einstein, Albert, and A D FokkerBiblio.com

Die Nordstromische Gravitationstheorie Von Standpunkt Des Absoluten Differentialkalkuls Pp. 321-28. In Annalen Der Physik Vierte Folge Band 44

EINSTEIN, AlbertBiblio.com

Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie.

1916188045Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1916. The foundation of general relativity First separate edition first issue of the work presenting the finalized version of general relativity. The Grundlage was also published in the Annalen der Physik in 1916 but Weil clarifies that the separate publication is now accepted as the earliest published edition of the paper. Einstein had almost finalized the general theory of relativity in 1913. However an error led him to contend that his equations could not be covariant - that they could not be applied without a system of spacetime co-ordinates devised by humans and therefore contextually specific. His first attempt at an overall presentation of the theory as delivered in 1914 was based on this assumption. By 1915 his subsequent reflections had driven him to reapply covariance and in November he published several papers outlining covariant field equations of general relativity. The present work adapts the comprehensive perspective of the 1914 paper with the revised mathematics of the 1915 equations to present "the first systematic exposition of general relativity" Janssen p. 1. Tilman Sauer notes that "in essence Einstein's general theory of relativity of 1916 remains today's accepted theory of the gravitational field" p. 24. This copy includes all the necessary first issue points: the imprint "Druck von Metzger & Wittig in Leipzig. 314" on the title page verso; Ziehen's Die Psychologie as the last title listed in the publisher's advertisement on the rear wrapper; and the imprint "Metzger & Wittig Leipzig" on the rear wrapper. Octavo. Device to title page formulae in the text. Original tan vertically ribbed wrappers printed in black. Light creasing and foxing to otherwise bright wrappers title page remargined at head not affecting text contents crisp: a near-fine copy. Norman 696; Printing and the Mind of Man 408; Weil 80a. Michael Janssen "Einstein's First Systematic Exposition of General Relativity" 2004; Tilman Sauer "Albert Einstein's 1916 Review Article on General Relativity" in Ivor Grattan-Guiness ed. Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 2004. unknown

Peter Harrington · Royaume-Uni5 000,00 £GB≈ 5 709,00 €

EINSTEIN, ALBERTBiblio.com

Die Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. i.e. The foundation of the General Theory of Relativity. - TRANSFORMING THE SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK OF THE 20TH CENTURY

191660254Leipzig Ambrosius Barth 1916. 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Light discolouration to margins of wrappers. Inner hinges with professional repairs. Small stamp exlibris to lower part of title-page. Previous owner's name Erik Broekmeyer in contemporary hand to upper outer corner of title-page. A fine copy. 64 pp. <br/><br/><em>First issue of the first edition in book form being not an offprint of the"Annalen der Physik" journal issue as often stated but a separate edition of the paper completely re-set and with significant changes and additions including for the first time in print the "Einleitung" and the "Inhalt".The first issue is distinguished from the later reprints by the printing of "Sonderdruck aus dem "Annalen der Physik" Band 49 1916" and "Druck von Metzger & Wittig in Leipzig. 314" to the verso of the title-page and "Metzger & Wittig Leipzig" to the foot of the back wrapper. Furthermore "This separate edition is printed on good strong paper the wrappers are of strong material too and it is described now as 'the original edition' of this classic paper" Weil. Einstein's seminal "General Theory of Relativity" has had an immense impact on all science philosophy and man's view of the world in general. Few other books of the 20th century can be said to have so basically altered the way that we view the world and our place in it. Determining space and time as being interwoven into a single continuum known as "space-time" and determining that there is no absolute space-time coordinate system - i.e. that there are no absolute positions in time and pace - established the fact that events that occur at the same time for one observer could occur at different times for another i.e. all positions in space and time are relative. This general theory of relativity here presented in its full exposition for the first time in book form is now a basic foundation for scientific thought."The theory of relativity has transformed astrophysics and indeed the whole scientific outlook." PMM."Whereas Special Relativity had brought under one set of laws the electromagnetic world of Maxwell and Newtonian mechanics as far as they applied to bodies in uniform relative motion The General Theory did the same thing for bodies with the accelerated relative motion epitomized in the acceleration of gravity. But first it had been necessary for Einstein to develop the true nature of gravity from his principle of equivalence.Basically he proposed that gravity was a function of matter itself and that its effects were transmitted between contiguous portions of space-time. Where matter exists so does energy; the greater the mass of matter involved the greater the effect of the energy which can be transmitted. In addition gravity affected light. exactly as it affected material particles. Thus the universe which Newton had seen and for which he had constructed his apparently impeccable mechanical laws was not the real universe. Einstein's paper gave not only a correct picture of the universe but also a fresh set of mechanical laws by which its details could be described" R.W. Clark. "This paper was the first comprehensive overview of the final version of Einstein's general theory of relativity after several expositions of preliminary versions and latest revisions of the theory in November 1915. It includes a self-contained exposition of the elements of the tensor calculus that are needed for the theory. T. Sauer in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics. PMM: 408. Horblit 26 c. Weil 80.Boni: 781 Schilpp-Schields: 86. </em> unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark28 000,00 DKK≈ 3 760,40 €

EINSTEIN, ALBERTBiblio.com

Die formale Grundlage der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie. The Formal Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity

19142124Berlin: Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1914. FIRST EDITION OFFPRINT. Original wrappers. Fine. FIRST EDITION COMMERCIAL OFFPRINT ISSUE of Einstein's important 1914 paper on the development of general relativity. "In summer 1914 Einstein felt that the new theory general relativity should be presented in a comprehensive review. He also felt that a mathematical derivation of the field equations that would determine them uniquely was still missing. "Both tasks are addressed in a long paper presented in October 1914 to the Prussian Academy for publication in its Sitzungsberichte. It is entitled 'The formal foundation of the general theory of relativity'; here for the first time Einstein gave the new theory of relativity the epithet 'general' in lieu of the more cautious 'generalized' that he had used for the Entwurf" Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940. "According to John Norton 'How Einstein Found His Field Equations' this major review article was intended to convey the full content of the 1913 'Entwurf' theory: 'The principal novelty lies in the mathematical formulation of the theory. Drawing on earlier work with Marcel Grossman Einstein formulated his gravitational field equations using a variation principle. Using this richer mathematical structure Einstein offered a proof purporting to demonstrate that his theory had the maximum covariance compatible with the hole argument; that is covariance under 'justified' transformation between the 'adapted coordinate systems' he had introduced with Grossman'" Calaprice The Einstein Almanac. Offprint from: Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften XLI 19 November 1914 pp. 1030-1085. Berlin: Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 1914. Octavo original wrappers; custom box. Neat early ownership name on front wrapper. Only the slightest wear; a fine copy. Rare. Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften unknown

The Manhattan Rare Book Company · États-Unis4 500,00 $US≈ 3 807,45 €

Einstein, AlbertBiblio.com

Die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung pp.817-825 Planck's Diskussion pp.825-826.

1909662931909. Physik. Zschr. 10. - Leipzig Verlag von S. Hirzel 1909 4° XXII 2 1040 pp. mit Textabbildungen und 26 Tafeln Halbleinenband d.Zt.; St.a.Tit. feines Expl. A LANDMARK W. PAULI FIRST EDITION "of this extensive paper given as lecture before the 81st assembly of the "Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher" in Salzburg on 21st September 1909. He spoke on "The Development of Our View of the Nature and Constitution of Radiation" a topic that embraced both relativity and quanta. Among those who attended Einstein's lecture were some of the world's foremost physicists. In Einstein's austere opinion his address regarded strictly as a work of science was of little importance since as he writes to a co-worker it contained nothing new. Einstein was being overmodest. Besides to many in Einstein's audience and it should be born in mind that it was the year after Minkowski's stirring introduction of the concept of the fourth dimension this Lecture came as a revelation. The occasion was important for Einstein too. He had been working for years in a sort of scientific exile and his curiosity as to what great scientists were like in face-to-face discussion was at least as great as their curiosity about him. His confidence in himself was certainly not harmed when he found that he was able to hold his own easily in their company. Moreover at this congress Einstein first met Planck. In addition he made new'lasting friendships leading to a voluminous scientific correspondence. Amongst those attending the congress were Max von Laue Max Born. Arnold Sommerfeld Hasnohrl. Ladenburg. Max von Laue was to be the first to publish in 1911 the first text-book on relativity theory. All of them are present in this issue with scientific papers of their own." Walter Alicke Weil No. 30; Schilpp-Shields No. 30; Hoffmann Einstein p. 93; Alicke Nr. 34 unknown

MedicusBooks.Com · Allemagne396,00 €

Einstein

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