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( SCHREINER, Olive ). IRON, RalphBiblio.com

THE STORY OF AN AFRICAN FARM. A Novel

(Pennsylvania – Early Iron Industry)Biblio.com

Pair of Manuscript Business Ledgers Pertaining to the Hermitage Furnace Westmoreland County and Iron Master Alexander Johnston 1810-1812 and 1805-1835

31261Early Pennsylvania Iron Industry – Forge Founded by Maj. Gen Arthur St. Clair.The collection contains two ledgers:Johnston Alexander Manuscript Ledger Relating to The Hermitage Furnace Grist Mill and Store in Westmoreland County 1810-1812Folio 396 manuscript pages 20-page name index entries written neatly in ink bound in contemporary full sheep tooled in blind spine label binding worn hinges starting text in very good clean and legible condition. Johnstons' partial signature is found on the front board.A contemporary manuscript note on the front free endpaper states "Bound for Patterson & Hopkins in Pittsb." This firm was the short-lived Pittsburgh book-selling business conducted by Robert Paterson and John Hopkins which lasted from 1810 until it was dissolved on November 5 1812. The business of this company was continued thenceforth until the end of 1817 under the new firm of Robert & Joseph Patterson. While this firm mostly sold books and stationery and supplied local printshops with paper the two brothers also conducted some small-scale publishing perhaps mostly using the press owned by Silas Engles.Another contemporary manuscript note taking up most of the rear free endpaper states: "Ledger a for A. Johnston Esqr by James Nouman 1810 for Hermitage Furnace" – perhaps Nouman was the binder.The ledger contains accounts for the Hermitage Furnace as well as a grist mill and general store under the management of Alexander Johnston. St. Clair in addition to the Hermitage Furnace also operated "a mill and other property" including a blacksmith shop these were all likely the properties leased by St. Clair about 1806 to Pittsburgh capitalists. The account book contains entries for various castings produced by the furnace bar iron and tools used in production forge hammers et cetera. There are also accounts for Johnstons' own Kingston Furnace the Washington Furnace another Westmoreland County Furnace and the Youngstown Store as well as numerous individuals many of whom were likely Hermitage Furnace workers. The general store accounts may have been an early "company store" for Hermitage workers and nearby farmers.Manuscript Ledger containing Accounts for Alexander Johnston 1805-1850Narrow folio 236 pages several inlaid items bound in contemporary sheep binding worn and shaken identified as "Ledger F" on front cover Alexander Johnstons ownership on rear cover a number of pages excised at rear the volume was used as a "herbarium" at one point there are stains from plant specimens however the entries are clean and legible."The iron industry of Pennsylvania took root in the eighteenth century in the southeastern part of the state but as the frontier moved westward ironworks were established not far behind. Furnaces and forges quickly sprang up to supply the agricultural communities with iron products that were badly needed. The spread settlement afforded men of initiative and capital the opportunity of producing iron first for a local market and then in many cases for more distant markets. At the beginning of the nineteenth century frontier conditions still prevailed in many parts of Pennsylvania but the iron industry – at that time a combination of iron manufacture and agriculture – played an important part in the development of the economic life of the state and the nation and in bringing about the change from an agrarian to an industrial civilization.During the first part of the nineteenth century all the iron furnaces in the country were cold-blast furnaces. By the time of the Civil War however technological changes were taking place as can be seen in the use of bituminous and anthracite coal or coke as fuel in many furnaces and in the application of a hot blast instead of a coal one …The blast furnace with its casting house blast house stock house and wooden blowing cylinders or tubs operated by an overshot water wheel or steam engine was an impressive sight in its agricultural setting when in blast. Not far from the plant were the houses of the workers the "mansion house" of the ironmaster the office the stables and the smith shop. Many of these communities also included a forge where pig iron from the blast furnace was heated and hammered into the bars of commerce. … old iron furnaces were part of a busy community where families lived toiled and died …" – Arthur C. Bining.The Hermitage Furnace was the second built in Westmoreland County Pennsylvania. The furnace was built by Major General Arthur St. Clair after he returned from the governorship of Ohio circa 1802-1803. The furnace was built at The Hermitage the onetime home of St. Clair located about two miles northeast of Ligonier on the road leading to Johnstown. St. Clair built the furnace in hopes of restoring his depleted fortune. The furnace was first managed by James Hamilton a prominent Carlisle Pennsylvania lawyer named deputy attorney general of the Western District of Pennsylvania by Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton's name appears several times in the ledger.An advertisement in the November 21 1806 issue of the Farmer's Register published in Greensburg by John M. Snowden taken out by Henry Weaver & Son Greensburg merchants it reads:"Hermitage Furnace in Blast. The subscribers being appointed Agents by General Arthur St. Clair for the sale of his castings generally and for the delivery of castings and stoves for any number of tons in good terms. Samples of the castings and stoves to be seen at their store in Greensburg at any time after the 10th inst."At Hermitage Furnace they were compelled to use a small amount of coal in the blacksmith shop this was packed in sacks and shipped from a mine in Lockport on the Conemaugh River a distance of about 12 miles. This was kept up until about 1807-08 when a great flood which washed away the surface ground near Ligonier exposing the previously unknown Pittsburgh coal seam. Coal banks were opened and they used their own coal instead of Lockport coal. In 1818 when lots were advertised for sale in Ligonier the coal banks a mile or two from the proposed town were used as an inducement to prospective settlers.Shortly after 1806 General St. Clair abandoned the management of the furnace himself and leased it with his mill and some other property to some Pittsburgh investors for about $ 3000.00 per year. St. Clair's creditors were closing in on him and in 1810 the furnace was sold by the sheriff and purchased by James O'Hara. Alexander Johnston prominent iron master and sheriff justice of the peace and treasurer of Westmoreland County must have had a financial interest in the furnace.Johnston was born in Enniskillen County Fermanagh Northern Ireland July 10 1773 he emigrated to America in 1797. He married Elizabeth Freame. The couple then operated a hotel in Greensburg then removed to Pittsburgh where Johnston trained to be an iron master and after along life spent mostly in western Pennsylvania died in Kingston Westmoreland County in 1872. He began work in the iron industry in the late 18th century beginning with his own Kingston Furnace which wasn't a success. The main ledger offered here was kept beginning at the time when St. Clair sold the furnace in 1810. One of the early pages in the ledger lists the times the Hermitage Furnace "blew" "stopt" or "quit." It appears Johnston and others kept the furnace going until at least May 28 1811 when "William Bailey quit managing."The furnace seems to have remained idle following the hard times of the Embargo until 1816 when it was again put into blast by O'Hara and Skully under the management of John Henry Hopkins. Hopkins was not a successful manager and the furnace closed down in 1817 and never operated again.Boucher John N. History of Westmoreland County vol. 1 pp. 445-457New York: The Lewis Publishing Company 1906Harman J. Paul Stone-Stack Smelting Furnaces in Westmoreland CountyPennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies Vol. 19 No. 2 April 1952 pp. 185-193https://www.jstor.org/stable/277769302

Michael Brown Rare Books, LLC · États-Unis2 250,00 $US≈ 1 903,73 €

(Trade Catalogue: Iron & Steel)Biblio.com

Price List and Catalogue of the Pacific Rolling Mill Company Manufacturers of Iron and Steel. Seventh Edition

1890502San Francsico California: Pacific Rolling Mill Company 1890. 8vo. 250 x 170 mm. 10 x 7 inches. 100 pp. plus 4 leaves of ruled paper 2 with measurements in manuscript. Illustrated throughout with simple drawings of parts many stenciled with green wash; one plate folding. Bound in limp cloth covered boards title in gilt on front cover; a cloth binding shows some wear to gilt title two pencil drawings on front endpaper; other a very good sound copy. Straight forward price list of iron bar steel rail rolled and forged metal axles nuts bolts washers and dozens of other metal products. There is no introduction about the history of the firm just images of parts prices and a few lines of text describing specifications for some of the more complicated manufacture items. What distinguishes this rare trade catalogue is the design sense of many of the images and the application of stenciled color to highlight the object. The printed form of the parts are in outline and as one pages through the catalogue the images take on an abstract quality. Metal parts become contoured shapes with form being determined only by the light green wash applied to the physical part of the design. Although unintentional I am sure this late 19th century publication replete with many of the characteristics of period book design exhibits a very modernist feel one that is most unusual in publications of this nature. Although called the 7th edition this is only one of three issues of the PRMC's product guide and price list that is known. Organized in 1867 PRMC grew continuously and by 1892 was producing more than 40 thousand tons of iron and steel. "This giant enterprise is so closely identified with the manufacturing interests of the Pacific Coast that there is scarcely a manufacturing firm or corporation on the Coast that does not depend upon its output. The mills are located at Potrero Point in South San Francisco and cover an immense area" Master Hands. Romaine Guide to American Trade Catalogues p. 200 this edition and one from 1886 both known in only one copy each at California Historical Society. OCLC cites an edition from 1885 in one copy at San Francisco Public Library and this edition 1890 also in only one copy at California H. S. See: Master Hands in the Affairs of the Pacific Coast Historical Biographical and Descriptive. A Resumé of the Builders of Our Material Progress. San Francisco: Western Historical Publishing Company 1892 pp. 260. Pacific Rolling Mill Company unknown

De Simone Company, Booksellers · États-Unis650,00 $US≈ 549,97 €

[Bedwellty Pits coal mine, Wales; Tredegar Iron & Coal Co Ltd] Robert Waters of Newport [Henry Mostyn, solicitor, Usk, MonmouthsBiblio.com

Coal mining in early Victorian Wales. Manuscript copy of agreement 'for the Coal Lease' between Mrs Williams of Pen y Van Bedwellty and Messrs. Powell and Williams with Autograph Letter Signed from Robert Waters to Usk solicitor Henry Mostyn.

15667Letter: Tredegar Monmouthshire Wales. 12 July 1844. Copy agreement: 29 October 1841. Copy agreement: 2pp. 4to. Letter: 1p. 4to. The two on a single bifolium with the agreement on both sides of the first leaf and the letter on the recto of the second. The reverse of the second leaf is addressed with Penny Red stamp and Newport and Tredegar postmarks to 'Henry Mostyn Esq Solr Usk'. In good condition lightly aged and worn. The agreement begins: 'Mrs Williams to let to Mr Powell and Mr William Protheroe her Coal under lands at Pen y Van Bedwellty whilst any Marketable Coal remains unworked paying 1s/- Royalty 2520 lbs to the ton weighed at Court y bella or any other public machine. . Mr Powell and Mr William Protheroe are to work the Coal belonging to Sir H. Protheroe's representatives under the undivided lands held by them with Mrs Williams as well as some other adjoining lands.' Other topics include the 'Usual covenants' 'Way leave' 'rubbish room'. In the letter signed 'R. Waters' Waters explains that he is sending 'a copy of the agreement which was entered into by Mrs. Lawrence & Messrs. Powell & Protheroe as the basis or instruction for the Coal Lease entered into between the parties'. While conceding that the agreement 'was not signed by Mrs. Lawrence' Waters explains that it was made 'with her sanction & approval & in the presence of all the parties interested therein.' Bedwellty Pits coal mine was sunk in 1850 by the Tredegar Iron & Coal Co. Letter: Tredegar [Monmouthshire, Wales]. 12 July 1844. Copy agreement: 29 October 1841. unknown

Richard M. Ford Ltd · Royaume-Uni80,00 £GB≈ 91,34 €

[GOVERNMENT IMPERIAL OTTOMAN, SOCIETE DU CHEMIN DE FER D'ANATOLIE BAGDAD].Biblio.com

BAGHDAD RAILWAYS / JEWISH PRINTING HOUSES IN CONSTANTINOPLE Emprunt Imperial ottoman %4 du chemin de fer de Bagdad. Duexieme et Troisieme Series. Contrat. i.e. Ottoman Imperial Loan 4% of the Baghdad Railway. Second and Third Series. Contract = Yüzde dört faizli Bagdad Demiryolu Ikinci ve Üçüncü tertîbleri istikrâz-i Osmânîsinin mukâvelenâmesidir.

1908055962Galata - Constantinople: Imprimerie de Castro Constantinople Galata AH 1324 = 1908. 1908. 2nd Edition . Soft cover. Very Good. 4to - over 9¾ - 12" tall. Original greenish tan wrappers. 4to. 30 x 21 cm. Bilingual in Ottoman Turkish and French. 11 p. Occasional chippings on extremities of the front wrapper a couple of stamps were deleted on two pages. Else a very good copy. Scarce bilingual statutes in French and Ottoman Turkish of the Imperial Ottoman Baghdad Railway Company printed at the "De Castro" Press one of the earliest Jewish printing houses in Galata. This edition includes the second and third series together of the Emprunt Impérial Ottoman 4% du Chemin de Fer de Bagdad Ottoman Imperial Loan 4% of the Baghdad Railway and reflects the contractual framework of the railway's financing. The first series was originally issued in 1905. ON "DE CASTRO" PRINTING HOUSE: In 1808 a work titled Tikuney Zohar was printed at the Hebrew printing press established by Yitshak ben Avraham Castro in the same year. It appears that the press did not publish any works until 1823 when printing resumed. From that year onward books bore the imprint "Yitshak de Castro and Sons." The place of printing was recorded as "el Saray de Ingiliz the English Palace." Castro who did the typesetting of the books in his own home used the English Palace in Constantinople as the printing house. This press primarily published Ladino works translated from Hebrew. Among these were books such as Ben Sira Sefer ha-Yashar and Kav ha-Yashar along with various collections of responsa and sermons. The most remarkable works published by this press were two books written in opposition to Christianity and British missionary activities. The press remained active until 1848 closing after the death of Yitshak Castro. After 1849 two Hebrew printers were active in Istanbul: Nisim de Castro and Moshe de Castro. They are believed to have been the sons of Yitshak Castro and following their father's death each established his own independent printing house. Between 1849 and 1850 Nisim de Castro's press produced three books two in Hebrew and one in Ladino. Moshe de Castro's press issued two Hebrew works one in 1849 and another in 1862. This press continued to operate under the name "Castro Press" publishing two additional Ladino books in 1877 and 1925. In 1853 Leon Haim de Castro likely a descendant launched and edited Or Israël The Light of Israel the first Jewish newspaper published in Istanbul. Meral. As of May 2025 OCLC lists only two copies worldwide: one at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz and another at the Universitätsbibliothek Bamberg 1158592367 and 634693982. No copies are recorded in U.S. libraries. Imprimerie de Castro, Constantinople, Galata, AH 1324 = 1908. paperback

Khalkedon Rare Books ABA, ILAB, IOBA, ESA · Turquie250,00 $US≈ 211,52 €

[GREAT BRITAIN - IRON]Biblio.com

The State of the Trade and Manufactory of Iron in Great-Britain considered

175042149London 1750. 8vo. 6 7/8 x 4 1/4 inches. 15 pp. An abridgement of the Interest of Great Britain in supplying herself with Iron circa 1747. Half red morocco and marble paper boards. Marginal notes trimmed A conflicted call for economic protectionism on the eve of industrial transformation and a snapshot of British iron trade policy in 1750 caught between timber tariffs and transatlantic competition. An important and revealing mid-eighteenth-century pamphlet addressing the British iron industry at a moment of significant economic and technological transition. This work is considered an abridged version of The Interest of Great Britain in Supplying Herself with Iron published circa 1747 and offers a pointed critique of foreign and colonial competition in iron production. The anonymous author provides a rare quantitative estimate of domestic iron output 18000 tons annually and laments the numerous challenges facing British ironmasters including the rising cost and increasing scarcity of timber then still the primary fuel used in smelting. In a notably conflicted argument the tract decries the influx of Swedish iron while expressing even greater alarm over the growth of ironworks in Britain's North American colonies viewing both as threats to the domestic market. Strikingly the pamphlet makes no mention of the use of pit coal i.e. mineral coal in iron manufacturing a technological development that would prove pivotal. This omission is particularly curious given that Lord Dudley had patented the process in 1619 and that Abraham Darby's pioneering use of coke at Coalbrookdale had been underway for over a decade by the time of this publication. The absence of such a reference suggests either a conservative industrial perspective or a lack of awareness of emergent metallurgical practices that would soon transform the industry and pave the way for Britain's dominance during the Industrial Revolution. Referenced by J.R. McCulloch in his A Select Collection of Scarce and Valuable Tracts on Commerce 1859 who found it "curious" for its data and omissions alike this tract provides not only valuable insight into 18th-century economic policy and protectionist sentiment but also a fascinating snapshot of the iron trade on the cusp of technological upheaval. ESTC T76989; Sabin 90635. McCulloch The Literature of Political Economy 1845. unknown

Donald Heald Rare Books · États-Unis400,00 $US≈ 338,44 €

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