Education

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Legal EducationABAA

L'Enseignement de L'Histoire du Droit en Doctoral: Caractere Utilite

Girls' Education Elizabeth "Lizzie" SchuhABAA

Language Arts notebook of a young 12 year old girl in school spanning three years of her education

18933241Wisconsin 1893. Hawthorne Composition Notebook #774 measuring 8.25 x 6.75". Comprised of 70 densely written pages largely in pencil in a single hand with penmanship maturing as pages go on across three years. Lizzie's ownership signature to the front wrap designates her as 12 years old at the start of her composition in January 5 1891. Resulting genealogy research has identified her as Elizabeth Lizzie Schuh born in Milwaukee Wisconsin in 1879. Census records show that she remained in this area through the end of her life. The present composition book is an opportunity to examine how girls were being educated at the turn of the century in the midwest and how that compares to their counterparts to either coast. It is telling how little of Lizzie Schuh's preteen lessons are overtly gendered. In many notebooks of this kind from the U.K. and East Coast lessons during this age work to indoctrinate girls into an acceptable femininity even in seemingly innocuous ways. Yet here the lessons seem nearly gender neutral -- a possible sign of coeducational classrooms in her school. Throughout the notebook she writes declarative sentences works on active and passive voice practices tenses and memorizes abbreviations. She composes short essays; in the beginning these tend to focus on some piece of nature such as bees or oranges and they incorporate natural science as well as geographical information. Later essays include original short stories and reports on American figures including Daniel Boone and Andrew Jackson. As she progresses her compositions and her hand move toward adulthood becoming more confident and complex. Perhaps the largest content focus is on areas of etiquette and behavior -- again a space where one might expect more overt gendering. And yet a section on How to Be Polite for example includes common-sense behavior such as "Try to be kind and unselfish" and "When anyone is writing or reading do not stand behind him or look over his shoulder." Some of the advice seems to encourage a kind of working-class or regional modesty: "Do not talk about dress" and "Do not soil your tongue with slang." Correspondence and letter-writing take up the bulk of the rear of the book. Here Lizzie begins by copying out generic letters likely providing by an instructor so she can learn the formalities both of letters and of posting them; later she imagines letters or copies out letters she herself has written and sent out. These appear to train the children for a variety of relationships including personal and familial communications the management of household and businesses and the maintenance of new acquaintances. A fascinating glimpse into the language and communication development of a young Midwestern girl as she approached adulthood with research potential including but not limited to English language teaching the intersection among disciplines in elementary and middle school the history of coeducation regional education penmanship and paleography gender studies etiquette and genealogy. unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis1 300,00 $US≈ 1 099,93 €

Women's Education Carrie BreedABAA

Manuscript school essays and literary excerpts from a young woman enrolled at Parker Academy 1875-1879

18792316Connecticut 1879. Near Fine. Archive of 13 handwritten manuscript essays composed by a Connecticut schoolgirl. Comprised of approximately 40 pages of autograph material written in ink by the same neat hand and signed "Carrie Breed." In addition to titles the majority of essays are dated and include Breed's school name and location. An exciting and interesting look into the work of a diligent young woman excited in particular about the female authors of her own time. Founded in 1851 Parker Academy was a boarding school that boasted "a healthy location a tidy village an orderly community and a most beautiful valley with pleasant surroundings -- a good place for an institution of education" Historic Buildings of Connecticut. While little else is known about the school the manuscript assignments of Carrie Breed reveal a curriculum that emphasized traditional feminine skills such as polite conversation and elegant handwriting as well as more rigorous subjects including literature composition and botany. The earliest works contained in this archive are three copy exercises assigned to Carrie to practice forming her handwriting; and they speak to her own burgeoning literary interests. The first "Scenes of Childhood" is an assignment drawn from Charles Northend's The American Speaker Being a Collection of Pieces in Prose Poetry or Dialogue Designed for Exercises in School 1856. Yet the two that follow later in the academic year of 1875-76 appear to be selections chosen by Carrie herself as an instructor has added pencil notations "taken from Miss Alcott in Little Women." Published not even a decade before Alcott's novel about sisterhood and women's lives made an impact on girls across America; and here with more assertive mature penmanship Carrie copies out the long passages of "My Beth" and "In the Garrett" written by Alcott's character the aspiring author Jo. The remaining essays in the archive contain Carrie's own reflections and writing as she matures as a student and thinker. Content is largely focused on moral concepts such as Influence Benevolence and Hospitality although two essays also consider the domestic work of cultivating house plants and performing house cleaning. In two essays Carrie reflects on her relationship to the seasons and to the experience of walking in the woods. The final essay as she nears the end of her time in school and likely reflects on her future as a wife and mother she writes on Filial Trust. As the months and academic years pass it is possible to see her penmanship and her thinking begin to change from those of a girl into those of a young woman with her own mind. With rich research possibilities in fields including but not limited to the history of women's education paleography contemporary receptions to women's literature the history of American education and gender studies. Near Fine. unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis875,00 $US≈ 740,34 €

Women's Education Caroline D. WatersABAA

Mathematics notebook of a 16 year old girl being educated in the 19th century

18503448Great Britain 1850. Comprised of 88 manuscript pages of mathematical definitions tables methods and exercises in a single hand with the ownership signature of "Caroline Waters Age 16 yrs" to the front endpaper. Marbled paper vernacular binding measuring 8 x 12 inches and stitched at spine. Caroline's metric measurements and English currency reveal her to be a student somewhere in the UK. Though the commonness of her name and the absence of a specific date prevents us from locating her in genealogy records the manuscript she left behind reveals much about how and why girls of her age and class were being taught arithmetic. Caroline's elegant practiced hand suggests that she is a member of the rising middle class and the opening of the book suggests that she is a beginning to intermediate mathematician. At the top of the first page she defines Arithmetic as "the art of computing by numbers" which "has five principal sic rules for this purpose viz. Numeration Subtraction Addition Multiplication and Division." Using this definition she divides her notebook into a section for each providing a definition for that principle plus clear-cut examples of its use in both Simple and Compound formats. Numeration Subtraction and Addition are grouped together at the front; and after these sections conclude Caroline enters in Practical Questions in Compound Addition and Subtraction. These involve word problems involving the exchange of money and the calculation of wet and dry weights cloth measurements and time. She then mirrors this with Multiplication and Division before adding sections on Decimal Fractions more Practical Questions and sections on Federal Money and Simple Interest. The organization of the manuscript suggests that Caroline copied it out for continued reference where sections are easy to locate and problems clearly illustrate each of the principles. And the emphasis in sample problems on currency conversion monetary exchange and banking implies that her family in some way wanted her to be aware of these concepts. An exceptional and rich document Caroline's notebook is a rich resource for study including but not limited to the history of women's education middle class education women's domestic use of mathematics women in business paleography genealogy gender studies. unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis2 000,00 $US≈ 1 692,20 €

Women's Education Elizabeth YoungABAA

Mathematics notebook of a young 19th century woman during her education

18223447Great Britain 1822. Comprised of 78 manuscript pages of mathematical definitions tables methods and exercises in a single hand with the ownership signature of Elizabeth Young and a running date made intermittently to the footers. Blue paper vernacular binding measuring 8 x 12 inches and stitched at spine; later tape reinforcement. Elizabeth's metric measurements and English currency reveal her to be a student somewhere in the UK. Though the commonness of her name prevents us from locating her specifically in genealogy records the manuscript she left behind reveals much about her. Elizabeth's notebook is composed in a meticulous cursive hand with neat headers each dated and her name to many of the footers. Section each have a definition leading into rules and from there into word problems and calculations. Each new section progresses in complexity requiring Elizabeth to conduct longer calculations and combine a variety of arithmetical methods multiplication division addition subtraction. Some of these are generic questions about distance or weight; but others urge the student to devotion even as she works in a logical field "How many Hours Minutes and Seconds elapsed since the birth of Christ which is 1808 years ago assuming 365 days to a year". Some put Elizabeth in contact with the world of commerce and supply chain "The yearly export of Brandies from France is said to amount to 25000 tons. What is the value of this quantity at 5s6p per Gallon". Still others prepare her for the maintenance and management of a household or a business "If a servant's wages be 12.12 for 52 weeks how much is that a year" or "If 1728 Elegant wine glasses were bought for Â£65.2s how must they be sold per dozen or per glass to gain Ten Guineas by the sale of the whole". A portion of seven pages near the center of the book offers a telling anomaly. While it continues in Elizabeth's neat hand these entries from January-February 1822 list goods purchased by community members from merchants several of whom are women. If these are a part of a school exercise they do not show the marks of it. Rather they appear to be Elizabeth making real-life notations keeping track of accounts for herself or someone else. In this sense the word problems she records and practices are being applied in her own life. An exceptional document Elizabeth's notebook has research possibilities including but not limited to the history of education in the UK and trans-Atlantic comparisons the history of women's education the effects of class on girls' education mathematics approaches to teaching math to girls historical measurements women in business paleography and women's and gender studies. unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis1 850,00 $US≈ 1 565,29 €

Women's Education Ida S. WagnerABAA

Practical Teaching. Bloomsburg State Normal School

18882180Bloomsburg PA 1888. Very Good . Manuscript notebook composed by Ida Sylva Wagner a young woman training to become a teacher at the Bloomsburg State Normal School now Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania between 1888-1889. Comprised of 88 pages in ink and pencil blending lecture and reading notes with what appear to be Ida's own drafts of analytic essays practice lesson plans and examination questions. Quarter cloth over marbled boards measuring 5.5 x 8.5 inches. Shelf-wear to extremities and hinges tender but holding. Text block overall tight with mild toning not affecting text. Wagner's ownership signature and school information on front paste-down; second ownership signature along with Wagner's later teaching location on rear paste-down. In Very Good condition overall considering its daily class use and apparent usage as a reference guide during Ida's later teaching career. Established in 1869 the Bloomsburg State Normal School aimed to provide rigorous teacher training to ensure that regional educators could "teach the youth elements of classical education" Bloomsburg University. State census records show that she would have been 22 at the time of this class and that she later moved to Luzerne County to work as a teacher after graduation. This notebook rigorously documents her work in an advanced Practical Teaching course which provided pedagogical methodology as well as requiring students to put methods into practice by designing usable teaching materials. Ida's notebook is roughly divided into sections with blanks separating each; and they include practical notes including Introductory Consideration Foundations and Principles Length of Recitation Object Lessons and Plan of Lessons as well as sample content for lessons such as Primary Reading Primary Numbers and Rules of Grammar. In her hand Ida reflects on the importance of theory and practice noting "The powers of the child which demand the teacher's attention are the physical the intellectual the moral and the spiritual.before knowing can take place there must be something to know and the thing to be known must affect its appropriate sense." This guiding principle clearly shapes the class and Ida's notes show that she is being trained in the "something to know" for example the 15 pages of vocabulary pronunciations and definitions as well as the "affecting its appropriate sense" for example the 46 initial pages on methods for shaping appropriate lessons. A dense resource with research possibilities including but not limited to the fields of history of pedagogy history of American higher education women's education and employment and gender studies. Very Good . unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis1 050,00 $US≈ 888,41 €

Education of Children Alnwick Victoria Infant SchoolABAA

Resolutions Passed at a Public Meeting of the Inhabitants of Alnwick held the 15th of August 1838

18382596Alnwick: M. Smith 1838. First edition. Fine. 3 page pamphet measuring 152 x 228mm. Trifolded with ownership signature of Wm. Dickson Esq to rear blank. Else an exceptionally clean and seemingly untouched copy of this rare pamphlet advocating for improvements in the early education of children. The only copy known on the market this title does not appear in the modern auction record or at any institutions according to OCLC. A proposal and prospectus for an Infant School to serve the town of Alnwick and improve the overall level of education within the community. The pamphlet clarifies that the Duke of Northumberland is confirmed as the school's patron; and it outlines how donations and subsciptions from the town will add to the school's endowment. But more importantly it focuses on the communal benefits that will come from citizens' support for children's education regardless of their class. Touting the successes of other Infant Schools in England and abroad in providing "well-regulated nurseries for the children of the poorer classes" the committee also explains that " the most approved system of training will develop the physical powers and improve the health of children from two to six years of age -- to cultivate their intellectual faculties and communicate such knowledge as may be adapted to their infant capacities." The committee asserts that when the larger population begins sending children to school those children will be endowed with a desire to learn and "those attending will feel it as a punishment to be kept from the School" because school "is to the children what the actual business of life is to the man. Here the feelings are manifested and the character is developed" so that infants grow to intelligent and responsible members of the populace. Notably the committee also points out the short term benefits of developing an education system. "To the parents themselves many advantages will accrue from these Schools. Not only will their minds be relieved from much anxiety for the safety of their children but the mother free during the day from the necessity of watching over them will have an opportunity now denied to her of contributing by her labour to their support or of devoting more time to the promotion of their comfort at home." This acknowledgment reveals an important shift in thinking about the economic role of mothers and about women's need for time to accomplish their own work. A rare and important example of the spread of early childhood education and the arguments for its expansion. Fine. M. Smith unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis1 550,00 $US≈ 1 311,46 €

Teacher's Education. ANDREWS Esther AliceABAA

SCHOOL LAW Cover Title 1890s Teaching Notebook

189723637New York State circa 1897. Wraps. Very good. 8vo. Cardstock covers cloth taped spine. Edgewear and creasing to covers; cloth tape torn at ends. Author's name and the title "School Law" written in pen on front cover. Commercial ruled notebook about two-thirds filled with handwritten notes in pencil and pen. Approximately 20 loose handwritten sheets folded and laid in along with one printed page. Toning throughout; some blank pages entirely or partially torn out. Detailed student notes apparently from a teacher's training course on the laws governing education in New York state in the late 1890s with briefer sections of notes on the geology and geography of New York; one page is dated 1897. Includes sections on Corporal Punishment "If a teacher wishes to punish a child she may do it without the parents' consent. Parents or teacher may be arrested for undue severity. Cicero said "Do not punish in anger"; the Compulsory Education Law and the authority of truant officers "The law provides that parents may be fined or imprisoned or both"; and the "Physiology Law" requiring that "physiology relating to alcoholic drinks and other narcotics and their effects on the human system shall be taught yearly in all grades in the public schools". In addition to assorted notes practice tests and copied poems a printed page from the December 12 1891 School Journal is laid in including several sample lesson preparations and "Suggestions to Teachers" on narcotics and stimulants: "There is a general feeling on the part of the little ones under your charge that the use of alcoholic liquors is wrong.To prove to them that its use is deleterious to the mind and body is a hard thing for you to do. They must take this on faith and you are to be the faith-builder for the little ones." The name of the notebook's author and owner appears in a list of 1900 Normal School graduates in Suffolk County issued as part of the annual New York State Superintendent's Report: Esther Alice Andrews of Patten's Mills successfully completed the English Course. A fascinating look at turn-of-the-century teacher's education. paperback books

Brian Cassidy Bookseller at Type Punch Matrix · États-Unis250,00 $US≈ 211,52 €

Women in Medicine Women's EducationABAA

Second Annual Announcement and Catalogue of Students of the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania.For the Session 1851

18512970Philadelphia: G.S. Harris 1851. First edition. Very Good . Original blue printed paper wraps printed to front. Some chipping and creasing to edges but overall intact and undamaged despite being quite delicate. Light scattered foxing throughout. Ownership signature of the college's original dean N.R. Mosely struck out at the top of the Faculty list on page 4; pencil ticks next to the names of several students listed in the catalogue on page 6. Exceptionally rare OCLC lists copies of this Announcement at only 2 institutions. Only one year after Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell graduated valedictorian and became the first female M.D. in the U.S. the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania opened its doors. Located in Philadelphia it was the only the second school to open with the mission of training women in medicine -- having been preceded by the New England Female Medical College two years earlier in 1848. Founded by Quaker abolitionist and Underground Railroad activists who believed that women could make exceptional doctors "the college provided rare opportunities for women to teach perform research manage a medical school and with the eventual establishment of the Woman's Hospital in 1861 learn and practice in a hospital setting. It was the longest-lasting all-women medical school in the nation until it became coeducational in 1970" Mandell. The present Announcement predates these growths however showing the roots from which they emerged. One year running and the faculty remain largely male because there has yet to be an inaugural graduating class this would come in 1852; but already a female student Hannah E. Longshore is listed as a Demonstrator in Anatomy. Indeed Longshore and her sister Anna would both be part of the inaugural class of the college with the latter going on the author Discourses to Women in Medical Subjects 1897. Indeed the majority of women listed in this catalogue went on to become doctors even when it took time -- as it did for Hannah W. Ellis and Susanna H. Ellis both listed among the graduates of the 1865 class. 12 pages in all this scarce pamphlet contains Officers Corporators Faculty and Students of the school; an Announcement on the school's missions and accomplishments; information on Specialties available; Terms of enrollment; and a list of required Textbooks. It also conveys the excitement optimism and pride of those involved. "The Faculty of the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania are inspired by very different feelings from those that attended their efforts one year ago. Then they were about to enter into an untried path to engage in a great experiment.But that which was an experiment is an experiment no longer.give a woman knowledge commensurate with her natural qualifications enable her to go forth healing the sick and comforting the afflicted and she will bless the world." A rare survivor documenting that pivotal moment when women had been given the chance to prove their intellect rose to the challenge and made the future of the next female students more secure. Very Good . G.S. Harris unknown books

Whitmore Rare Books · États-Unis950,00 $US≈ 803,80 €