William S LincolnBiblio.com
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1900401896London : William S. Lincoln 1900. 1st edition. Hardcover. Good copy in the original gilt-blocked cloth. Spine bands and panel edges somewhat bumped and rubbed as with age. Remains quite well-preserved overall. Previous owner's signature. Physical description; 1 volume : all color illustrations; 22 cm. Notes; A collector's album. Unpaged. Includes extensive publisher's list catalogue of stamps and location map in the latter section of the volume. Subjects; Crests Collectors and collecting Great Britain. Monograms. Albums. London : William S. Lincoln hardcover
1900C216248London: William S. Lincoln 1900. Hardcover Hardcover. Very Good. Octavo. 48 decorated pages printed recto only. Original blind-decorated brown cloth with gilt titles and black decoration all edges gilt. 36pp publisher catalogue/ advertisements. 414 crests and monograms neatly pasted in. Some rubbing to covers with slight splitting at lower spine hinge title page detached a few pages with slight edge tearing otherwise a near very good copy. No date c.1900. William S. Lincoln, hardcover
1894843J1London: William Lincoln c1894. Cloth. Good. 8.5" by 7". Not Stated. A colourfully illustrated late nineteenth-century crest and monogram album intended to be filled with crests by the owner. A late Victorian crest and monogram book. In late nineteenth-century England crest and monogram collecting was a popular hobby. Several publisher's issued attractively illustrated albums for collectors to paste and display their crests and monograms.This album was printed circa 1894 by William Lincoln and contains forty colourfully illustrated unused pages ready for the modern collector to paste their own collection of crests. Containing four hundred and seventy-seven unused spaces for pasting crests and monograms. Also containing seven loosely inserted crests and monograms ready for pasting in the album.The third edition of this work. Containing thirty-six pages of publisher's adverts to the rear. In the publisher's original cloth binding. Externally sound with some shelf wear and bumping to the head and tail of the spine and extremities. Some spots and marks to the boards. Internally firmly bound. Some light offsetting to the endpapers and slight age-toning to the pages which are otherwise clean throughout. Good William Lincoln hardcover
18521905080529xbvkPhiladelphia, Schäfer & Konradi, 1852. Stahlstich-Frontispizportrait '[George] Washington', XVIII, 400 Seiten mit der Chronologie zu Beginn und den Tabellen am Ende, 12 Präsidentenportraits in Holzstich (Xylographie: John Adams; Thomas Jefferson; James Madison; James Monroe; John Quincy Adams; Andrew Jackson; Martin van Buren; William Henry Harrison; John Tyler; James K. Polk; Zacharias Taylor und Millard Fillmore) auf Tafeln; 1 mehrfach gefaltete grenzkolorierte gestochene geographische Karte 'Vereinigte Staaten von Nord-Amerika und Mexico, 1850 (Entw. u. gez. v. Major Radefeld)' am Ende des Buches. - Brauner ornamental blindgeprägter Original-Leineneinband mit dekorativer Rückenvergoldung und goldgeprägtem Rückentitel; 8vo.(ca. 18,5 x 11 x 3 cm).
189795763Baker and Taylor 1897. Hardcover. Good/No jacket. 2nd printing. Covers worn and soiled. Some signatures loose but still intact. Owner's name on front page. Baker and Taylor hardcover
18871002385New York City 1887. Invitation to Walt Whitman's private reception after his celebrated lecture "The Death of Abraham Lincoln" at Madison Square Theatre on April 14 1887. Whitman had given public readings of his Lincoln lecture variously edited since 1879; one version was published in Specimen Days in 1882-1883. Scheduled on the twenty-second anniversary of Lincoln's assassination the 1887 event was staged as a benefit for the ailing Whitman who remained seated throughout his sold-out tribute to the Union's "Martyr Chief": "there is a cement to the whole people subtler more underlying than any thing in written constitution or courts or armies - namely the cement of a death identified thoroughly with that people at its head and for its sake." As William Pannapacker notes Whitman's passionate public identification with Lincoln was central to his emergence as "The Good Gray Poet" a national treasure: "Whitman's experiments in self-creation finally succeeded with a major segment of the public when he enclosed his persona within the halo encircling the martyred President" Revised Lives 22. The New York audience for Whitman's performance included Mark Twain John Hay Augustus St. Gaudens James Russell Lowell and Charles Eliot Norton; Andrew Carnegie could not make it but purchased a box for $350. At the end of his performance Whitman was surprised by a gift of lilacs from poet E.C. Stedman's young granddaughter a reference to his great elegy for Lincoln "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd." In New York City for a single night Whitman hosted a reception in his rooms at the Westminster Hotel after the lecture; this invitation was printed for the occasion. The evening was an important one for New York literary society a celebration "at least as spectacular as the event itself" according to the New York Sun. Looking "like a painting of Jove" Whitman entertained a constant stream of admirers relieved only by the performance of the Afro-Cuban violinist Claudio Brindis de Salas Garrido "El Paganini Negro" who serenaded Whitman on a seventeenth-century Ruggeri violin: "Walt was mightily pleased with the music." A surprising survival a near-fine artifact of the nineteenth-century American literary scene. Ivory card measuring 2.75 x 3.75 inches printed recto only: "Walt Whitman / At Home -- Thursday Evening / April 14th 1887 / Westminster Hotel Irving Place and 16th St. New York." Penciled bookseller note to verso: "April 14 1887 for his most famous lecture Lincoln / WW in NY for only one 1 night." Card lightly toned; half-inch closed tear to head expertly repaired. Housed in envelope fragment with penciled inventory number bookseller note and collector's note: "Whitman card / gift from Capt. Cohn -- / House of Books / Aug 7 1950.". unknown books
1805X10672xDublin: John Jones 1805. Fifth Edition 1803. Hardcover. Very Good. First Volume. Printed In Dublin Ireland By Jone Jones For The Methodist Book Room. 400 Pages With No Index. Clean No Remarks Inside. Yellow Pages A Couple Of Them Are Loose. Leather Binding. There Is A Gift Inscription At The Front Endpaper Dated 1827. 1805 Edition.- Specializing in academic collectible and historically significant providing the utmost quality and customer service satisfaction. For any questions feel free to email us. John Jones hardcover
1898194638Baker & Taylor Co January 1898. Hardcover. Very Good - Cash/No Jacket. General use wear surface and edges rubbed. Corners show wear. Pages show reader wear. Spine cracked revealing the spine when book is open in multiple spots; all pages still securely attached. Stock photos may not look exactly like the book. Baker & Taylor Co hardcover
1898112019-TNew York: The Baker & Taylor Company 1898. Book. Illus. by Author. Very Good. Hardcover. 1st Edition. 1st. Edition 1898 Green cloth decorated cloth hardcover 110 page book with black & white photo - Illustrations . Condition : Very Good bottom back corner has ware and repair to inside cracked hinge. Size: 4to - over 9¾ - 12" tall. The Baker & Taylor Company Hardcover
1900966H4London; Edinburgh: Henry J. Drane; Dean & Son Limited; Macmillan and Co. Limited; W. Foulsham & Co. Ltd.; Sands & Company; Nicholson & Sons c1900-1955 . Cloth. Very Good. 6" by 4". None. A very scarce eight-volume collection of characterful early 20th-century British domestic guides offering practical and economical instruction on cookery and housekeeping. In the publisher's original cloth bindings.This is a lovely eight-volume collection of vintage British household guides offering practical advice in cookery housekeeping and everyday thrift.This collection consists of the following: How to Cook for Myself and Family c.1900 by "An Experienced Cook". This copy is undated. Dated here using Jisc from copies held at the University of Leeds Library and Senate House Library University of London. This is a pragmatic cookbook aimed at modest households needing economical self-sufficient meals. The A B C of Housekeeping: or Mistress and Maid c.1904 by Mrs. J. N. Bell. This copy is undated. Dated here using Jisc from a copy held at the University of Cambridge Libraries. This is a vanishingly scarce Victorian manual offering moral and practical guidance on managing a home and domestic staff. Middle Class Cookery Book 1906. Compiled for The Manchester School of Domestic Economy. This is an instructional text blending economy and nutrition created for teaching domestic skills to middle-class women. 365 Cakes and Cookies: A Cake or Cooky for Every Day in the Year c.1906 This copy is undated. Dated here using Jisc from copies held at the University of Cambridge Libraries and the National Library of Scotland. Compiled from recipes by Marion Harland Mrs. Lincoln et al. This is a lovely compilation of daily baking recipes drawn from prominent 19th and early 20th century sources. 365 Supper Dishes: A Supper Dish for Every Day in the Year c.1908. This copy is undated. Dated here using Jisc from copies held at the University of Cambridge Libraries and the National Library of Scotland. This is a practical family-oriented recipe book offering a different supper suggestion for every day of the year. A Little Book of Sweetmeat Making 1908 by Dora Luck. This is a concise and charming guide to making traditional British sweets confections and holiday treats at home. Vegetarian Cookery 1926 by E. L. B. Forster. This copy is undated. Dated here using Jisc from copies held at the British Library and other institutions. This is a novel vegetarian cookbook from the postwar era offering wholesome and simple meat-free meals. Home-Made Wines: How to Make Them 1955 by Mary Woodman. This is an accessible introduction to British home winemaking with recipes for fruit flower and root-based wines. In the publisher's original cloth bindings. Externally generally smart. The odd handling mark to boards with the odd spot of damp staining. Particularly to "Everybody's Vegetarian" with damp staining to the perimeters of boards and the spine spine cockled. Slight soiling to boards particularly "365 Cakes". Front board of "Home-Made Wines" cockled rear board faded. Slight rubbing and bumping to extremities. Spines slightly faded particularly to "365 cakes". Bookplate from "Martin & Pamela Finch: Exlibris Gastronomique" to front free endpapers and to front paste downs of "Sweetmeat Making" and "A B C of Housekeeping". Offsetting to endpapers with the odd spot. Damp staining to perimeter of endpapers of "Everybody's Vegetarian". Previous owner's ink inscription to front free endpapers on all but "Middle Class Cookery" and "Vegetarian Cookery". Ink inscription to rear free endpaper of "How to Cook for Myself" with offsetting to rear endpaper. Blue pencil scribbles to endpapers of "365 Cakes". Hinges occasionally strained but firm. Internally generally firmly bound. Pages bright and generally clean if slightly age toned. The odd spot and handling mark heavier to fore edge and first and last few leaves. Very Good Henry J. Drane; Dean & Son, Limited; Macmillan and Co., Limited; W. Foulsham & Co., Ltd.; Sands & Company; Nicholson & Sons hardcover
186234963Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office 1862. First edition. Three quarter morocco over marbled boards four raised bands gilt titles all edges marbled. A very good or better copy with minor scuffing and edgewearindex penciled on rear blank. 434 pp. 8vo. 37th Congress 2 Session Ex. Doc. No. 100. In October 1861 England France and Spain signed a treaty to force Mexican reparations; the English and Spanish withdrew but the French remained unseating Benito Juarez and installing Maximilian as Emperor . This was of grave concern to Lincoln and the North and a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. Also of concern was the relations between the Confederacy and Mexico. Provenance: Library of James Torr Harmer with his bookplate on front pastedown. [U.S. Government Printing Office] hardcover books
1862RMP442<p>Washington DC U.S. Government Printing Office House of Representatives 1862<br /><br />8º. 434pp. Three quarter morocco over marbled boards four raised bands gilt titles all edges marbled. First edition. A very good or better copy with minor scuffing and edgewearindex penciled on rear blank.</p><p>37th Congress 2 Session Ex. Doc. No. 100. In October 1861 England France and Spain signed a treaty to force Mexican reparations; the English and Spanish withdrew but the French remained unseating Benito Juarez and installing Maximilian as Emperor . This was of grave concern to Lincoln and the North and a violation of the Monroe Doctrine. Also of concern was the relations between the Confederacy and Mexico. <br />Provenance: Library of James Torr Harmer with his bookplate on front pastedown.</p><p>With a list of Documents relating to Mexican Affairs accompanying the President´s message in reply to the resolution of the <em><strong>House of Representatives of March 3 1862.</strong></em></p><p>A very good copy with minor scuffing and edgewearindex penciled on rear blank.</p> U.S. Government Printing Office hardcover
188010843New York: William Wood & Co 1880. Ninth Edition - Revised and Enlarged. Hardcover. Very Good. Ninth Edition - Revised and Enlarged. Hardcover. Chapters dedicated to: Reconstituents Astringents Alteratives Irritants Antiphlogistic Treatment Evacuants Musculo-motor Excitants Narcotics Anaesthetics Antispasmodics Neurosthenic Tonics Excitants Sedatives & Controstimulants and Anthelmintics. Part of Wood's Library of Standard Medical Authors Series. We do offer a discount on the purchase of multiple volumes from the Wood's Series. Light shelf/edge wear minor rubbing at boards of V3 minor foxing at preliminaries very light/shallow tide marks at top of V1 else tight bright and unmarred. Green cloth boards gilt lettering and decorative elements black ink lettering and decorative elements. 8vo. 302; 299; 379pp. Illus. b/w plates. Index. William Wood & Co hardcover
18801053William Wood & Company New York 1880. Hardcover. Used - Very Good. New York: William Wood & Company 1880. iv302; vi299; & iv379 pages. 9 x 6" black & gold stamped green cloth. Reconstituents astringents alteratives irritants antiphlogistic treatment evacuants musculo-motor excitants narcotics anaesthetics antispasmodics neurosthenic tonics excitants sedatives & controstimulants anthelmintics. VG. William Wood & Company, New York hardcover
1838716931838. New York 1838 Only edition. New York 1838 Only edition. An Important Event in the History of Freedom of the Press and Abolition Trial. Lincoln William S. Reporter. Trow John Fowler Editor. Alton Trials: Of Winthrop S. Gilman Who Was Indicted with Enoch Long Amos B. Roff George H. Walworth George H. Whitney William Harned John S. Noble James Morss Jr. Henry Tanner Royal Weller Reuben Gerry And Thaddeus B. Hurlbut; For the Crime of Riot Committed on the Night of the 7th of November 1837 While Engaged in Defending a Printing Press From an Attack Made on It at That Time By an Armed Mob. Written Out From Notes of the Trial Taken at the Time By a Member of the Bar of the Alton Municipal Court. Also The Trial of John Solomon Levi Palmer Horace Beall Josiah Nutter Jacob Smith David Butler William Carr And James M. Rock Together with James Jennings Solomon Morgan And Frederick Bruchy; For a Riot Committed in Alton On the Night of the 7th on November 1837 in Unlawfully and Forcibly Entering the Warehouse of Godfrey Gilman & Co. And Breaking Up and Destroying a Printing Press. Written out from notes taken at the time of trial by William S. Lincoln. New York: Published by John F. Trow 1838. iv 5-158 1 pp. Lithographed frontispiece. Last page is a publisher's advertisement. 12mo. 7" x 4-1/4". Original patterned cloth gilt title to spine. A few minor dampspots to boards spine ends and corners bumped and lightly worn front hinge just starting at head. Light toning somewhat heavier in places occasion light foxing. $650. Only edition. In 1837 a mob destroyed a printing establishment in Alton Illinois that produced abolitionist tracts owned by Elijah Parish Lovejoy an important abolitionist. He was killed while trying to defend his press. For many Lovejoy was a martyr to the cause of free speech. Abolitionists said this event proved that slavery posed a danger to the liberties of all Americans. OCLC locates 11 copies in U.S. law schools. William Lincoln was a member of the Alton Bar. Cohen Bibliography of Early American Law 12163. unknown books
185028839AB1850. London / Cambridge etc. Chatto & Windus / Routledge & Sons / etc. c. 1850-1879. Octavo. Ballads and Songs of Brittany 1865 edition: Frontispice XXII 239 pages / Ballads and Songs of Brittany Later Routledge edition: XVI 176 pages / Tom Taylor's Historical Dramas: VIII 466 32 pages. / Manuscript Letter: 2 1/2 pages. Original Hardcover / The manuscript letter in a Folder it includes an A4 manuscript leaf from a 19th century autograph-collector describing the letter by Taylor. / The two vintage cabinet photographs of Taylor included in the Folder with the autograph. Very good condition with only minor signs of external wear. Tom Taylor 19 October 1817 12 July 1880 was an English dramatist critic biographer public servant and editor of Punch magazine. Taylor had a brief academic career holding the professorship of English literature and language at University College London in the 1840s after which he practised law and became a civil servant. At the same time he became a journalist most prominently as a contributor to and eventually editor of Punch. In addition to these vocations Taylor began a theatre career and became best known as a playwright with up to 100 plays staged during his career. Many were adaptations of French plays but these and his original works cover a range from farce to melodrama. Most fell into neglect after his death but Our American Cousin 1858 which achieved great success in the 19th century remains famous as the piece that was being performed in the presence of US President Abraham Lincoln when he was assassinated in 1865. hardcover
1900131290New York: The Doubleday & McClure Co. 1900. First Special Illustrator's edition of the work that earned Tarbell a national reputation as a major writer and the leading authority on Abraham Lincoln. Quarto two volumes half cloth over paper-covered boards illustrated tissue-guarded frontispiece portrait of Lincoln to each volume. One of only 75 numbered copies printed this is number 51. In near fine condition. Rebacked. Housed in a custom slipcase. Rare. Meant to compete against a Century Magazine series which had been written by Lincoln's private secretaries John Nicolay and John Hay Tarbell's 20-part series The Life of Abraham Lincoln was a massive success and earned Tarbell a national reputation as a major writer and the leading authority on Abraham Lincoln. The popular series based on Tarbell's own original research and interviews helped boost McClure's circulation to over 250000 which climbed to over 300000 by 1900 and allowed McClure to buy a printing plant and a bindery. Tarbell went on to publish five books about Lincoln and traveled on the lecture circuit recounting her discoveries to large audiences. The Doubleday & McClure Co. hardcover
18966rauvWindsor House 1896. First Edition. Hardcover. Good/No Jacket. Very attractive first edition. Complete with all Plates and A fold Out Map. With Twenty six illustrations. Bookplate tipped in on the front inner board and gift inscription written on the front free end paper page. Heavy book may require extra postage unless posted within South Africa. Publication of 431 pages. Frontispiece. There is bright gold gilt on the spine and on the front cover. The boards are a little shelf rubbed a touch edge worn and the spine edges are slightly faded. Internally the pages are clean and complete. The text is legible. The binding is excellent. In good condition considering the age of the book 1896. GK. Our orders are shipped using tracked courier delivery services. Windsor House hardcover
1896ctyzHorace Cox 1896. hardcover. Good/No Jacket. the boards are edge worn. foxing and usage markings. complete with all illustrations and a copy facsimile map. in good condition also considering its age 1896 may require extra postage. SK. Our orders are shipped using tracked courier delivery services. Horace Cox hardcover
1896c727jWindsor House 1896. First Edition. Hardcover. Good/No Jacket. The boards are shelf rubbed edge worn and marked with the corners and top and bottom edges of the spine slightly frayed and torn. Despite this the boards are strong and sturdy. Internally there is age-related marking and wear throughout but there are no inscriptions and the pages within are neat and complete with all illustrations present. The binding is sound. In good condition indeed considering the age of the book. JK. Our orders are shipped using tracked courier delivery services. Windsor House hardcover
183611582Philadelphia: Seyfert & Phillips. Philadelphia Seyfert & Phillips 1836. First Edition. First Impression. Paperback. A good copy. Notable for containing the editor's tale 'The Victim Bride.' An early werewolf story. The tale tells of a king who having been bitten by a wolf is warned to never drink alcohol. However he has a little drink on his wedding day and becomes a wolf seemingly in spirit not form - he is referred to as a lycanthrope and eats his new wife's heart. The tale is subtitled A Tale of the Otranto School. Full contemporary calf. Some chipping and wear to the corners and edges Spine darkened and flaky. Foxing to the prelims and edges. Burlington Lyceum presentation plate to the front pastedown. Rear endpaper creased. 11582 Hyraxia Books. . Good. Paperback. 1st Edition. 1836. Seyfert & Phillips paperback
1871135435Portland ME: George Stinson and Co. Publishers 1871. Large format lithograph of the Lincoln family by American engraver George Stinson. Framed. The entire piece measures 27.5 inches by 20.5 inches. Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He led the United States through its Civil War and in doing so preserved the Union of the United States of America abolished slavery and strengthened the federal government. Lincoln began constructing his cabinet on election night and sought to create a cabinet that would unite the Republican party. His eventual cabinet would include his primary rivals for the Republican nomination and although his appointees held differing views on economic issues all were opposed to the expansion of slavery into the territories of the United States. The most senior cabinet post of Secretary of State was appointed to William Seward who had recently failed to win the 1860 Republican presidential nomination and Lincoln's choice for Secretary of the Treasury was Ohio Senator Salmon P. Chase Seward's primary political rival and the leader of a radical faction of the Republican party that sought the immediate abolition of slavery. George Stinson and Co., Publishers unknown
186542656Philadelphia: Published by John Dainty 1865. Age-toning to engraving with some discoloration sections to margins especially to left. Minor wear to frame. Very Good. Oval image sepia toned 8" x 6-1/8". Period black oval wood frame 13-7/8" x 11-5/8" <br/><br/>Full-length group portrait of Abraham Lincoln and his family. Mary Todd Lincoln and the president are seated left to right with Robert Todd standing behind them and Thomas to Lincoln's right. A portrait of William Wallace Lincoln hangs on the wall. Published by John Dainty unknown books
1846009697Hingham and Quincy Massachusetts to Bedford New Hampshire 1846. Envelope or Cover. Very good. This broadside which advertises an estate sale to be held on 26 August 1846 measures approximately 13" square has been folded to facilitate mailing. It was printed in Quincy Massachusetts by the auctioneer on 21 August 1846 and sent the following day probably for approval to the family patriarch in Bedford New Hampshire by the guardian of the deceased's children in Hingham Massachusetts. The broadside bears a circular Hingham postmark in red and a black manuscript "2" postal rate the correct cost to send printed matter by mail. It is in nice shape with light toning and wear. <br /> <br /> <p>The broadside announces two simultaneous auctions to dispose of the estate. <br /> <br /> <p style="margin-left:5%; margin-right:5%;">"Sale of Real Estate at Bent's Point in Quincy . . . being the property of Mary E. Riddle Charles L. Riddle and Adeline L. Riddle minor children of David Riddle deceased. . . "One undivided fifth part of a certain piece of Land with a Dwelling house and other Buildings . . . containing two acres more or less . . . being formerly the property of Isaac Riddle Esquire deceased being his Mansion House and Land. . . "At the same time and place . . . four-fifths of the above estate will be sold under the direction of Gen. Wm. P. Riddle in behalf of the remaining heirs. . . ."</p> . The Riddles were a prominent and prosperous New England family. Isaac the original owner of this property had also owned property in Bedford as well as the first mill to be built at Merrimack New Hampshire. <br /> <br /> <p>He and his brother or possibly cousin William P. Riddle formed a militia company of exempts i.e. self-armed and equipped volunteers over 40 years of age who although exempt for military duty chose to organize as a militia unit. The company drilled daily in expectation that as a result of heightened Anglo-American tension over the Oregon-Canada borderit would be called on to fight the British at Portsmouth. But that never happened the unit remained active and grew following the war. <br /> <br /> <p>Although Isaac apparently lost interest William continued his service and rose to the rank of Major General in the New Hampshire militia before resigning in 1835. <br /> <br /> <p>For more information about the Riddle Family see Ridlon's History of the Ancient Ryedales and their Descendants. . . Conover's History of Bedford New Hampshire and Websters "Pagent" narrative for "The Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Town of Merrimack NH" all available online. unknown books
181815716Hartford: Hudson and Co 1818. First American Edition. Leather bound. Very good. The first American edition of The Code of Agriculture by Sir John Sinclair from the library of Massachusetts Governor Levi Lincoln Jr. Octavo viii 424pp. Contemporary full calf title in gilt over red morocco label. Both hinges showing wear but stable. Occasional foxing and toning solid text block. Includes frontispiece portrait and seven full page illustrated plates. Shaw and Shoemaker 45720 Signed on the front free endpaper and title page by Levi Lincoln Jr. Levi Lincoln Jr. 1782-1868 was an American politician who served as the 13th Governor of Massachusetts from 1825 to 1834. Born in Worcester Massachusetts he was the son of Levi Lincoln Sr. a prominent political figure who served as Attorney General under President Thomas Jefferson. Lincoln Jr. graduated from Harvard College in 1802 studied law and established a successful legal practice. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party he also served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives and Senate. In addition to his tenure as governor Lincoln Jr. was appointed as an Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and later served as the first Mayor of Worcester contributing significantly to the development of the city. Hudson and Co unknown
