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0282203613.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
19989307Parol 1998. 1st Edition . Hardcover. Very Good. Scarce large format hardcover fully trilingual Polish English German 96 pages NOT ex-library. Weight over 900g. Book is clean and bright with unmarked text free of inscriptions and stamps firmly bound. Minor external handling wear. Issued without a dust jacket. -- The Cracow upland lying between Cracow and Wielun is an unusual country and is one of the most interesting scenic regions of Poland. Enormous chalk inselbergs rise out of its rolling plains their fantastic shapes reminiscent of the towers and walls of cities. There are also numerous karstic canyons framers by rocky precipices the streams gushing along their floors. Limestone rocks of the Jurassic period rise to an average height of 150m above the ground. Their average height is 350-450 metres above sea level with the highest peaks at Ogrodzieniec the Janowski Mountain and in the Ojcow region. The limestone rocks contain numerous caves and caverns. To the west of Dabrowa Gornicza lies the Bledowska Desert rare in Europe 9 km long and up to 4 km wide. Water flowing from under a melting glacier formed this large sandy alluvial fan at present covered with typical desert vegetation. This picturesque elevated plain stretching from Cracow to Czestochowa played an important role in the history of Poland until the 17th century. The area bordered on Silesia which alternated between Polish Czech and German influences. In the 14th century primarily during the reign of King Casimir the Great 1333- 1370 a system of watchtowers and castles was constructed here called 'Eagles' Nest'. The castles most often located on rocky outcrops took advantage of the defense potential of the territory and were difficult to capture. The watchtowers were exceptionally firmly attached to the rocky sites giving the impression of walls growing out of a rocky base; while the castles decorate the rocks like crowns placed on grey or white stone. When visiting the Jurassic castles we often stand surprised unable to distinguish where the natural limestone rock ends and the walls built by experienced constructors 600 years ago begin. The Eagles' Nests are the symbol of the Cracow-Czestochowa Upland. Nowhere else in Poland can such a number of medieval castles be found. This series of fortresses are a rare monument of medieval military architecture. For the first time in Polish history there was such a large-scale military investment undertaken. The Jurassic Line was supposed to defend the Malopolska region from Silesia in the south-west. The system was built mainly during the Casimir the Great period. Most castles already existed at the time but they needed reconstruction from wood and earth fortifications into stone fortresses. The chain of castles and watchtowers was supplemented by other fortresses. At a later stage the short-lived Old Czestochowa fortifications and the Jasna Gora bastion fort were constructed. The Wawel was particularly important first as the seat of the tribal ruler and later of the King of Poland. The Eagles' Nest trail leads through the varied cultural scenic and tourist landscape of the Vistula Valley in the Cracow region the Cracow Upland and the Silesia Upland. It is particularly rich in historical monuments. The beauty of the old castles and charming nature are well worth visiting. At present all possible effort should be made so that future generations can learn their own history from these monuments. The old castles the Eagles' Nests are not just the ruins of old buildings they are Polishness itself our history and evidence of the work of our forefathers. <br/> <br/> Parol hardcover
1096435497.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
B9780814776575Hardback. New. Takes on critics of Latina/o immigration using government statistics economic data historical records and social science research to provide a counter-narrative hardcover
1016853041.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1020974699.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1330864646.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
0259023876.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
0243391005.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1300872349.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1018666400.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
1333818769.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
0365314994.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover
2024x-9999315283Eliva Press 2024. Paperback. New. 114 pages. 9.00x6.00x0.26 inches. Eliva Press paperback
359213227X.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
3592132253.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1514815184.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
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1670944182.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1671019652.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1671511646.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
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1671517466.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
1671518802.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
