Cloth, large 8vo. , 455 pages. In Yiddish. Of school and "shell" to TSISHO: Russian Jewry in Search of school, language, culture. Comprehensive history of Jewish education in Russia and Poland. Illustrated with portraits and facsimiles. SUBJECT (S) : Jews -- Education -- Russia. Other Titles: Ensayos historico-culturales judios. TSISHO (or CYSHO) refers to the Central Yiddish School Organization. At a conference in 1921 attended by 376 delegates, the Central Yiddish School Organization (CYShO) was formed, which included as its affiliates Yiddish schools of all trends. In 1921 there were, in 44 Polish cities, 69 Yiddish elementary schools and 35 kindergartens, having altogether 381 classes with 13, 457 children. The Polish government took a hostile position to these new secular Yiddish schools, but nevertheless freed their pupils from the obligation of attending other schools to meet the requirements of compulsory education. Various absurd police accusations were leveled against the schools. Schools were closed and teachers arrested or removed. Nevertheless the network of these CYShO schools grew. In 1925 their numbers reached 91 elementary schools with 455 classes and 16, 364 pupils; 3 secondary schools with 780 pupils. In 1929 there were 114 elementary schools with 17, 380 pupils, 46 kindergartens, 52 evening schools, 3 secondary schools, and 1 teachers' training seminary, a grand total of 216 institutions with 24, 000 pupils. The Polish government became ever more reactionary and antisemitic, which resulted in a quantitative decline in the schools, but their quality kept improving. The character of the CYShO school became crystallized; its educational approach included also the social and national upbringing of the child, attachment to his people, and an attitude of social responsibility. The methodology of instruction was in consonance with these objectives. The pride of the CYShO school movement was the children's sanatorium named after V. Medem . This was a great creative institution with many pedagogic achievements. On the eve of World War II it had 250 children, and the institution was open the entire year. The children and teachers were all killed by the Nazis (Kazdan, EJ, 2012) . Front hinge starting. With ribbon bookmark. Very good condition. (YIDCHI-2-6)xx
