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"Aller weltlichen Staaten Hauptstütze ist die Religion; ". fallt diese, so können jene nicht stehen.

[Early United States – Mercantile History – The Netherlands] Wachsmuth, John Godfried; Wolcott, Oliver, Jr; Jones, EdwardBiblio.com

1795 Contract between Merchant John Godfried Wachsmuth and US Treasury Secretary Oliver Wolcott Jr. Arranging a Large Sale of Goods through a Prominent Amsterdam Banking Firm

1795List3024Philadelphia Pennsylvania 1795. Two pages measuring 10 x 16 Â¼ inches. Toned folded with tears at folds and marginal damage; excellent. A contract dated December 11th 1795 between Philadelphia merchant John Godfried Wachsmuth and Secretary of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott Jr. in which Wachsmuth agrees to ship $113000 worth of coffee sugar and cocoa to Amsterdam for which the US government would advance Wachsmuth the funds. The items would be consigned to an Amsterdam banking house the bankers would pay the proceeds to the United States and the US would in turn pay Wachsmuth in specie. At the time the US was finally recovering from the precarious financial situation that followed the Revolutionary War and had successfully negotiated trade deals with Great Britain and Spain. Despite political upheaval in the Netherlands the country had been and remained a significant trading partner for and investor in the US. This contract specifies that the goods will be consigned to Wilhelm and Jan Willink Nicolaas and Jacob Van Staphorst and Nicholas Hubbard; this group in particular invested heavily in the US making large loans to the government and purchases of land via the Holland Land Company including investing in the Louisiana Purchase. A deal of this sort had a number of benefits for the new country; most importantly it would continue to build a positive trade relationship with the Netherlands and improve the USâ€™s credit abroad and it would bring more specie into the US which was experiencing a specie drain due to its imports exceeding its exports.1 It involved significant risk for Wachsmuthâ€”he would be responsible for ensuring the bankers ultimately received the value of the goods in specieâ€”but the potential reward in terms of both profits and a relationship with Amsterdamâ€™s most important bankers seem to have been worth it. Of interest to scholars researching the economic growth of the early United States especially in terms of foreign trade relations. 1 Nicholas A. Curott and Tyler A. Watts â€œWhat Caused the Recession of 1797â€ Studies in Applied Economics 48 February 2016. unknown

Auger Down Books · États-Unis450,00 $US≈ 380,75 €

[History of Science and Mathematics - Children's History] Brewer, JosephBiblio.com

18th-century American Schoolboy’s Computation Notebook Kept by Joseph Brewer of Maryland Using Aspects of Trade and Diplomacy as the Basis for Mathematic Exercises

1787List2432Maryland 1787. One Volume. â€œArithmetic Book.â€ Brewer Joseph Newton. Maryland: June 17 1786 - April 211789 or after. Folio half calf bdg contemporary or old boards; scuffed and chipped and bumped later rebacking. 80 folio sheets of which 15 blank with seated Brittania watermarks. 135 pages mss text in brown ink original manuscript pagination recto-verso sgd and dated on front pastedown; internally toned some closed tears. Near Fine. This manuscript journal comprises an 18th-century American studentâ€™s mathematics course from 1786 - 1789. The author Joseph Brewer signs and dates the journal on the front pastedown but he never mentions his hometown or his parentage. It is only in the last exercises of 1789 that he reveals himself more fully as â€œJoseph Newton Brewerâ€ and further firmer internal evidence regarding this identity is wanting. However inasmuch as he was ostensibly a student in his mid-teens at the time of composition and makes frequent reference to Maryland in numerous exercises in his book it is likely that he was Joseph Nathaniel Newton Brewer January 10 1771 - January 8 1841 of Edgewater Anne Arundel MD. Marriage and birth certificates found among online genealogical corpora do corroborate this. Joseph Brewerâ€™s â€œArithmetic Bookâ€ is noteworthy among other extant 18th-century curricular manuscripts because it showcases a variety of word problems all of which relate explicitly to period themes. There are expected school subjects such as fractions and decimals and practice tables but most of Brewerâ€™s assignments are more practical in scope. They treat topics of an especially economic even mercantile nature including problems of currency conversion; partnership exchange and barter; loss and gain; legacies and wills; land and surveying. The commodities Brewer emphasizes his math exercises are also of interest as they emphasize in most instances prestige goods and other expensive imports e.g. beer rum chocolate gold dust coffee and tobacco. He writes in one example â€œThree merchants A. B. & C. freight a ship with 248 tons of wineâ€ before extreme weather causes them to throw much of it overboard necessitating calculations. In another three men spend a guinea at a tavern each consuming varied amounts. The persons described in the word problems are also worthy of further study as in one case where various farm personnel are featured: â€œone man three women and one boy made a crop of 1700 pounds of tobacco.â€ p14. Brewerâ€™s journal also contains several practice exercises in letter-writing as to foreign traders p93. The author of the â€œArithmetic Bookâ€ seems to have enjoyed this work and there are many whimsical flourishes in his handwriting and a few occasional doodles. Most surprising however is Brewerâ€™s decision to conclude his journal with a composite psalmic coda: â€œOh God who didst command the light to shine out of darkness / speak but the word and light shall dart into my soul at once / when thou my lips and my mouth shall show forth my / praise shall burst out into a chearful sic songâ€ Overall an interesting relic of education during the years following the Revolution which should be of interest to scholars of early American education due to its detail and thematic content. unknown

Auger Down Books · États-Unis1 375,00 $US≈ 1 163,39 €

BRITISH HISTORYBiblio.com

46 Parliamentary Acts Anno Regni Georgii III

178569374London: Printed by Charles Eyer and William Strahan 1785. BRITISH HISTORY. First edition of a collection of 46 parliamentary acts from the second third fourth and fifth sessions of the Sixteenth Parliament of Great Britain. Many acts relating to America. One quarto volume 11 7/8 x 7 1/4 inches; 301 x 184 mm. A separate engraved title-page for each act. Engraved head and tail pieces and engraved historiated initials. Text in black letter. Full brown reversed calf rebacked to style. Front board with red morocco label lettered in gilt with the words "County of Brecon". Spine with red morocco spine label lettered in gilt. Front board is chipped and there is rubbing chipping along board edges and hinges. Internally very clean. Overall a very good copy. This volume contains 46 acts from the Sixteenth Parliament of Great Britain of which 14 are from the Second Session 1785 15 from the Third Session 1786 7 from the Fourth Session 1787 and 10 from the Fifth Session 1788. Of these some of the more notable ones include: The 23rd Act of the Fifth Session 1788: Continuance of Laws Act- This was an act that extended the duration of various existing laws including those related to bounties on exported linens duties on imported raw materials and the prevention of bankruptcies. It also continued and amended laws concerning the imprisonment and transportation of offenders. It was for preventing Frauds relating to the Customs and to the encouraging the Growth of Coffee in His Majesty's Plantations in America to the allowing the Exportation of certain Quantities of Wheat and other Articles to His Majesty's Sugar Colonies in America. The 37th Act of the Fifth Session 1788: The Excise Act or the Weights and Measures Act- An Act for repealing the Duties on Buck or Deer Skins undressed Buck or Deer Skins Indian half-dressed and Elk Skins undressed imported and on Hides and Skins dressed in Oil in this Kingdom and for granting other Duties in lieu thereof; for laying a Duty on Stuffs printed painted stained or dyed in Great Britain allowing Deer and other Skins the Produce of Florida to be sold by Auction free from the Duty charged on such Sales; for amending several Laws relative to the Revenue of Excise and to prevent the Sale of Sweets for Consumption in the Houses of Retailers thereof who shall not have Licences to sell Beer or Ale. The 9th Act of the Fourth Session 1787: The Postage Act- An Act for granting Rates of Postage for the Conveyance of Letters and Packets between Great Britain and the Port of Waterford in the Kingdom of Ireland by Way of Milford Haven. This act was a part of a broader effort to modernize and streamline the postal system. The 91st Act of the Third Session 1786: Madhouses Act or the Madhouse Law Perpetuation Act- The Act set out a legal framework for regulating "madhouses" and required that all "madhouses" be licensed by a committee of the Royal College of Physicians. HBS 69374. $1850. Printed by Charles Eyer and William Strahan unknown

Heritage Book Shop, LLC · États-Unis1 850,00 $US≈ 1 565,29 €

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