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[Harnier-Kreis].MareMagnum

[Die illegale monarchistische Bewegung in Bayern]. [Munich, 1939].

Foolscap folio (ca. 209 x 294 mm). Typescript on carbon paper. (194 [instead of ca. 219]) ff. Paginated, but not throughout. Draft of the "Weintz report", an important Nazi surveillance dossier on the activities of an illegal group of German legitimists, the so-called Harnier Circle, a term coined by the American historian James Donohoe in the 1960s. The group sought to restore the Wittelsbach family to rule in Bavaria from even before Hitler's rise to power in 1933 until Crown Prince Rupprecht's flight to Italy in December 1939. Based on material collected by the Gestapo, who investigated the group for several years and managed to infiltrate it since 1936, the report was prepared by Regierungsrat Weintz for the 1939 trials against the organisation. It contains profiles of prominent group members, including Adolf von Harnier (1903-45), Margarethe von Stengel (1898-1981), Heinrich Weiß (1887-1963), and Josef Zott (1901-45), and discusses issues such as Zott's relations with the German communist party, a plot againt Hitler's life (pp. 19f), and Weiß's flight to Austria in 1938 after an extramarital relationship became public (p. 91). The organisational structure and financial situation of the Harnier Circle are investigated, as are their clandestine meetings in cellars, inns, and private apartments, their efforts to recruit members and to advertise their cause through pamphlets, as well as their contacts with other political activists, including Catholic-legitimistic and separatist groups in Austria and Russia, as well as the also illegal German democratic movement. Interestingly enough, the paper describes the organisation's interactions with Crown Prince Rupprecht based on his own statement of 4 October 1939, emphasizing that Rupprecht was not at any point aware he was meeting with members of an illegal organisation. Also, it states that Adolf von Harnier had known for years that Rupprecht opposed any attempt to re-establish the monarchy, but failed to inform his comrades of his attitude, leading them to believe that Rupprecht agreed with their goals entirely (pp. 152f). - The Gestapo began arresting the activists on 4 August 1939, the number of detainees reaching 125 persons within only two weeks. The defendants were charged with preparing high treason, as well as with illegally producing and spreading written and visual material. Nine people were eventually punished, including Adolf von Harnier, who was sentenced to ten years in prison in June 1944, as well as Josef Zott, who received the death penalty in October of the same year and was executed on 15 January 1945. - The Weintz report is the most substantial contemporary source on the otherwise little-documented Harnier Circle, its extent largely surpassing the written defence by Adolf von Harnier, wherein he sought to minimize the importance of the organisation (5 May 1944). - Pages toned, minor edge wear, scattered creasing. Lacks the title-page, about 3 pages of the index, and the appendix. Among the paginated leaves, pages 113-123 are missing; 3 unpaginated leaves are inserted between 182 and 183, and another one between 128 and 129. The last part of the conclusion, discussing the impact the investigations had on the people, is incomplete. Some pencil annotations and emendations; a few passages stricken out with crayon; pencil note "R 3840" to first page. - The final report, comprising 219 pages, is kept at the Munich city archive (DE-1992-POL-1098). Donohoe mentions a privately owned 250-page copy at Prien am Chiemsee (Donohoe 130, note 91); another (possibly incomplete) copy is held at the archive for Christian-Democratic politics of the Konrad Adenauer foundation in Berlin (shelfmark: Müller, Wolfgang. 01-516: 013/1). Förster, Der Harnier-Kreis. Widerstand gegen den Nationalsozialismus in Bayern (Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Zeitgeschichte), 1996. Donohoe, Hitler's Conservative Opponents in Bavaria (1961), pp. 130-147.

Bartolus de Saxoferrato.MareMagnum

[Lectura Infortiati]. [Southern France, ca. 1406-1430].

Folio (300 x 406 mm). Italian manuscript on vellum and paper. 233 ff., text in two columns of 50 to 56 lines, ornate lettering. The first 216 ff. consist of quires of 6 ff., each comprising 2 outer leaves of vellum in which are inserted 4 ff. of paper. The last 17 ff. have 7 vellum leaves. Two additional vellum leaves for the endpapers. Numerous finely drawn red and blue initials and 38 initials and colour and gilt. Bound in early 18th century full vellum. First part (of two) of Bartolus's commentary on the Infortiatum, the second part of the Digest or Pandects. The subjects under discussion in this part include matrimonial law, divorce, dowries, guardianship, wills, and intestate succession. This early 15th century manuscript is finely illuminated with initials in colours and gilt; the opening initial shows a jurist handing a scroll to a woman. The manuscript is remarkable not only for the additional commentary provided in the margins by a contemporary scholar, but also for the numerous occasional drawings he has casually sketched in the margins, often of a whimsical and sometimes drastic nature: there are several expressive caricatures and grotesque faces; a passage discussing a recovery of the dowry following a divorce shows a man plunging a dagger into the head of his (ex-)wife. - Explicit on fol. 229: ''Explicit prima pars lecture Bartoli super Inforciato. Deo gratias et beatissime Marie ejusque genetrici et virgini Katerine''. The 1406 date on the binding does not appear in the explicit and may be taken from the 5 pages of glosses and text added at the end. - Bartolus de Saxoferrato (1313/14-57), who taught at Perugia and Pisa, was one of the principal authors in the transmission of Roman law. His commentaries on the Code of Justinian were frequently republished until the 17th century. The Manuscripta Juridica database hosted by the Max-Planck-Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte lists about 40 copies of this first part preserved in public libraries up to the year 1500. - Margins a bit trimmed (occasionally touching marginalia). Provenance: from the manuscript collection of Thomas Phillipps, with his MS no. 4420 on the front vellum flyleaf; sold at Sotheby's sale of his collection held in June 1908 (lot 68). Catalogus librorum manuscriptorum in bibliotheca D. Thomae Phillipps (Middle Hill, 1837), 4420.

Inlibris · Wien, AT250 000,00 €

LÜTFI KIRDAR, (Turkish physician, statesman, soldier, Manisa and Istanbul governor, deputy and Turkish Health Minister), (1887-1961).MareMagnum

[LEGENDARY GOVERNOR of ISTANBUL] Autograph document signed 'Istanbul Vali ve Belediye Reisi Dr. Lütfi Kirdar'.

Very Good Turkish Original typescript document with manuscript autograph writings and signature by Lütfi Kirdar (as Governor of Istanbul Lütfi Kirdar). 27,5x17,5 cm. Sent to Mustafa Kunur, who was 'Nahiye Müdür' of Kemerburgaz (district of Istanbul). In Turkish (modern Turkish with Latin script). 1 p. Including a celebration on Kunur's logistics services for the army. Lütfi Kirdar was born in 1887 in Kirkuk. He comes from a rooted and a well-known family 'Kirdarzâdes' of Kirkuk. After completing his primary and secondary education in Kirkuk and high school education in Baghdad, he came to Istanbul in 1908 and entered the Faculty of Medicine. After the Balkan War, Kirdar joined the war voluntarily and after the war he graduated from the Faculty of Medicine of the Darülfünûn -i.e. IIstanbul Üniversitesi- (1917). With the outbreak of World War I, he joined the army. Kirdar who was participating in the National Struggle, received the Independence War Medal. After the War of Independence, in 1923, he specialized in eye diseases in Vienna and Munich. He returned to Turkey in 1924 and was appointed to the Directorate of Izmir Health. At his own request, he was appointed to the eye clinic of Izmir Memleket Hospital in 1933. In 1935 he became a member of parliament from Kütahya. In 1936, Manisa was appointed as mayor and after that in 1938, to Istanbul. He held this last post for 12 years. Istanbul Harbiye Sports and Exhibition Palace, Open-Air Theater, Inonu Stadium in Dolmabahce, Taksim Square, Taksim Excursion and Ataturk Boulevard were held during his period. In 1940, the Taksim Barracks was demolished. He was arrested on May 27th. He died of a heart attack on 17 February 1961 in Yassiada where he was tried. He was buried in Zincirlikuyu Cemetery after an funeral on 19 February 1961.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR162,26 €

MEHMED EMIN RAUF PASHA, (Ottoman grand vizier between in the reign of Sultan Mahmud II, (1808-1938) and Sultan Abdulmajid I and Mustafa Resid Pasha, Koca Hüsrev Pasha, Topal Izzet Mehmed Pasha), (1780-1859).MareMagnum

[MANUSCRIPT OTTOMAN HISTORICAL DOCUMENT - BUYURULDI] Early historical document with buyuruldu of the Ottoman Grand Vizier, with two confirmations (two buyuruldus) of a document written 'Bende, Osman'.

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript paper. 40x28 cm. In Ottoman script. 2 p. Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha was an Ottoman industrialist and statesman, who was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II (reign 1808-1839) and three times under Abdülmecit I (reign 1839-1861) during the Tanzimat period of reformation. He was one of the most prominent figures in funding the Crimean War. According to Shaw and Shaw, Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha and his predecessor, Mustafa Resit Pasha, "acted mainly as mediators" for Mahmud II, "attempting to balance conflicting interests while participating in the factional activities and disputes endemic in Ottoman governmental life.". Buyuruldu (or Buyrultu, Buyurildi, Buyurdu etc.) is the order of an Ottoman grand vizier, vizier, beglerbegi , defterdâr , or other high officials to a subordinate. The term is derived from the word 'buyuruldi', it has been ordered, in which the order usually ends and which gradually developed into a conventional sign. Buyuruldus are of two main types: a) decisions written in the margin (der kenâr) of an incoming petition or report, often ordering that a fermân (firman) (or berât , etc.) be issued to a certain effect... (Brill, Encyclopedia of Islam). "Menzils" were early post organizations in the Ottoman Empire before the Reform period. In the Ottoman Empire, every 35 kilometers - the distance one could travel in a day - on the main roads, there were buildings called "menzil" or "menzilhane" (destination, post station). Surrounded by walls, these yards had a hostelry, barn, market, bath, and restaurant. Hosted at the complex for free, travelers shopped, took baths and fed their animals, and continued their journeys the following day. At the complex, officials - registered and paid by the state - served the guests. Within time, menzils turned into bazaars where locals sold their products. Then, villages and towns started to pop up around them. Commodities needed by the army for expeditions were preserved at menzils and soldiers were accommodated at these facilities if needed during expeditions. Mailmen operating between two faraway destinations changed their horses with those waiting at menzils and went on their route without losing time. (Source: Ekrem Bugra Ekinci). It's written on paper with 'ahar'. Used black ink only. It includes approx. 63 lines on front and verso of the paper and two buyuruldus. Different calligraphic "riq'a" styles by different bureaucrats and Grand Vizier and owner of a petition (Bende, Osman). Grand vizier's handwriting is in 'diwanî' script. An extremely rare autograph manuscript is a good example of the Ottoman state organization in the early 19th century.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR1 159,02 €

MARONITE BROTHERHOOD or the ENOSIS: Mich. Constantinidis (Manager), Sohraidis Sounridis, Kyriakhos Franixis et alli.MareMagnum

[MARONITE BROTHERHOOD] Kanonismos tis Adelphotitos ton Maroneiton i 'Enosis'. [i.e. Regulation of the Maronite Brotherhood or the 'Enosis'].

Good Greek, Modern (post 1453) Original booklet. Cr. 8vo. (20 x 14 cm). In Greek (Modern). 8 p. Heavily stains on pages, tear on lower spine and lower right cover, staple rusted. Fair copy. Extremely rare pamphlet of the regulations of "the Maronite Brotherhood, or Enosis" which consists of 27 articles in modern Greek. The Maronites constitute a Christian group whose members adhere to the Syriac Maronite Church with the largest population around Mount Lebanon in Lebanon. The Maronite Church is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church which is in full communion with the Pope and the Catholic Church, with the right of self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, one of more than a dozen individual churches which are in full communion with the Holy See. The Maronites derive their name from the Syriac Christian Saint Maron, some of whose followers migrated to the area of Mount Lebanon from their previous place of residence which was located around the area of Antioch, and established the nucleus for the Syriac Maronite Church. Saint Maron sent Saint Abraham, often referred to as the Apostle of Lebanon, to convert the non-Christian native population to Maronite Christianity. The name of the Adonis River was changed to Abraham's river by the inhabitants after Saint Abraham preached there. Mass emigration to the Americas at the outset of the 20th century, due to famine mainly resulting from Ottoman blockades and confiscations during World War I, which killed an estimated one third to one half of the population during the Lebanese Civil War between 1975-1990 and the low fertility rate greatly decreased their numbers in the Levant. Maronites today form more than one-quarter of the total population in the Republic of Lebanon. All Lebanese presidents have been Maronites as part of a tradition that persists as part of the National Pact, by which the Prime Minister has historically been a Sunni Muslim and the Speaker of the National Assembly has historically been a Shi'i Muslim. Enosis is the movement of various Greek communities that live outside Greece, for incorporation of the regions they inhabit into the Greek state. Widely known is the case of the Greek-Cypriots for the union of Cyprus into Greece. The idea of enosis is related to the Megali Idea, an irredentist concept of a Greek state which dominated Greek politics following the creation of the modern Greek state in 1830. The Megali Idea was a project which called for the annexation of all ethnic Greek lands, parts of which had participated in the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s but were unsuccessful and remained under foreign rule. In 1821, several parts of Western Thrace rebelled against Ottoman rule, participating in the Greek War of Independence. During the Balkan Wars, Western Thrace was occupied by Bulgarian troops and in 1913 Bulgaria gained Western Thrace under the terms of the Treaty of Bucharest. Following World War I, Western Thrace was withdrawn from Bulgaria under the terms of the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly and put temporarily under Allied management before being given to Greece at the San Remo conference in 1920. Following the conclusion of World War I, Greece began the occupation of Smyrna and surrounding areas of Western Anatolia in 1919 at the invitation of the victorious Allies of World War I, particularly David Lloyd George the British Prime Minister. The occupation was given official status in the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, with Greece being awarded most of Eastern Thrace and a mandate to govern Smyrna and its hinterland. Smyrna was declared a protectorate in 1922. However, the attempted Enosis failed when the new Turkish Republic prevailed in the resulting Greco-Turkish War of 1919-1922, after which most Anatolian Christians who had not already fled during the war were forced to relocate to Greece in the 1923 population exchange treaty executed between Greece and Turkey. Not located in OCLC.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR417,25 €

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