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Two Leaves from the Roman de la Rose 14th century Which Defined Love and Literature in the Western World

257481350. <blockquote>This work takes its place on the lineage of great early works along with the Arthurian tales These are exceptionally early witnesses to this most important literary text the most popular secular work of the entire Middle Ages Appearances of this seminal text are uncommon only a handful having reached the market in decades Linguistic variations suggest a non-Parisian scribe; evidence of re-use in the 17th century from manuscript markings</blockquote>video width=""1920"" height=""1080"" mp4=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204130246/Roman-de-la-Rose.mp4""/video The influence of the Old French allegorical poem the Roman de la Rose ripples through the Middle Ages into the Renaissance even into Modernity attracting the attention and inspiring the works of Chaucer Dante and C. S. Lewis. Lewis even stated that in cultural importance it ranks second to none except the Bible and the Consolation of Philosophy Allegory of Love 1936 p. 157.The Roman de la Rose according to Lewis was an important step in the development of Western literature and thought. He wrote in the above work â€œWe have seen howâ€¦ in the hands of a great poet the Arthurian story treated in terms of courtly love produced the first notable examples of psychological or sentimentalâ€™ fictionâ€¦ The radical defect in ChrÃ©tienâ€™s poetry is that these two kinds of interest lie side by side in it without being really fused. The emotions of Lancelot and Guinevere are not really illustrated save in a very shallow sense by their adventures; their adventures are not really explained by their emotions.â€<img class=""alignnone wp-image-25764 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204140340/Roman-B-1-e1667227860712-1600x744.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""744"" />This defect of emotional appeal of the primacy of love is rectified per Lewis in Roman de la Rose. â€œBut the whole truth about Guillaume author of the Roman is missed until we see that he is more of a realist than ChrÃ©tien Chretien de Troyes fl. c. 1160â€“1191 was the author of some of the fundamental texts of Arthurian lore. Of the two things that he found in ChrÃ©tien it was the fantastic that he rejected and the natural that he used.â€The great success then of the Roman de la Rose was fairly novel use of allegory to highlight the emotional journey of love as it would have appeared to someone at that time and in a courtly setting.<img class=""alignnone wp-image-25765 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204140328/Roman-A-1-e1667227983201-1600x752.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""752"" />Summary of the Romance of the Rose:In 1230 Guillaume de Lorris began the dream-vision poem a first-person narrative describing the efforts of a young man stricken by the arrows of the God of Love to obtain his beloved the Rose. Guillaumeâ€™s Amant Lover wished to tell the reader all that he knew of love and the poem describes a dream in which Amant is taken by Oiseuse Leisure into a pleasure garden where he meets the allegorical figures of Deduiz Pleasure Deliz Delight Cupid and others finally catching sight of and falling in love with the Rose. He is held back by the figures of Dangier Danger Honte Shame Mal Bouche Scandal and Jalousie Jealousy who imprison the Rose in a castle after Amant attains a kiss from the Rose.Death claimed Guillaume before he was able to conclude his work. He is only remembered to us through a mention by the poemâ€™s successive author Jean de Meun a friend of Dante who resumed the poem around 1275 adding around 17700 more lines to the approximately 4000 extant lines. There are therefore 2 authors for this same work separately themselves by a relatively great span of time each with his own milieu and sensibilities.Both authors use the allegory to examine philosophical cruces emerging in the 13th century through scholasticism such as free will and determinism optics and the adjusting social orders which put mendicant friars in positions of increasing power. However Jeanâ€™s vision for how the Lover relates to his belovedâ€” what he is prepared to doâ€” diverges from Guillaumeâ€™s.Jean provides a mirror for the turn from chivalric romances and courtly love which guided Guillaume. Jeanâ€™s social and political commentary sees the Lover deceiving and achieving the Rose in a way that that shifts away from the idealized and innocent sensuality of the first part of the poem to a biting satire on contemporary society blended with an overt realization of sexuality. Jeanâ€™s Amant makes war on the castle debates with Reson Reason Nature and Genius and finally enters the inner chamber of the Rose. His advice to the lover includes sections on how a man should keep his mistress study the arts ignore any infidelities offer flattery but never advice and how a lady might keep her male lover use false hair make up and perfume avoid getting so drunk you fall asleep at dinner only have intercourse in the dark to hide imperfections of the body and avoid poor men and foreigners - except very rich ones.caption id=""attachment_25767"" align=""alignnone"" width=""1600""<img class=""wp-image-25767 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204140309/Roman-D-1-e1667228165675-1600x828.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""828"" /> Notes from use in the 17th century/captionThe Manuscript & the Manuscript Tradition:Manuscript scholars have attempted to calculate the survival rate of medieval texts. Usually this calculation is done by comparing the catalogues of library books with known copies. Earlier in 2022 a team at the University of Antwerp has applied statistical principals usually used for tracking wildlife to estimate that approximately 9% of medieval manuscripts have survived to present day.Johns Hopkins University and the Bibliotheque nationale de France have listed 324 known manuscript copies of the Roman de la Rose from the 13th 14th and 15th centuries exceeding the number of manuscripts of the works of Dante and Chaucer. With the suggestion of an original 3600 copies of the Roman de la Rose based on the 9% survival rate we are looking at what remains of a medieval best-seller. Yet few of these reach the market.Medieval manuscript poem 14th century France consisting of 2 double-sided folia from the Roman de la Rose from key sections of this great manuscript see â€œfurther detailsâ€ below for a detailed entry and the Johns Hopkins system of categorization.Â There are manuscripts notations from use in the 17th century likely as binding.This fragment opens with Friendâ€™s advice to the lover to guard that Scandal doesnâ€™t see him approach the castle where the Rose is kept. If the lover is spotted by Scandal he should not show hatred or rancor towards him â€˜de hayne ne de racuneâ€™ because â€œa wise man covers his bad humourâ€¦ those who deceive deceivers do a good deed and all lovers at least the wise ones should do soâ€ â€˜sages hommes son maul talent ceuvre. cil fet bone euvre qi les decheveeurs decoiventâ€¦faire le doivent tretuit amans au mains li sage.â€ The scribe of this text has stricken through a line of his text â€œsi sachies que cil fet bone euvreâ€ which he was a repeat of two lines above. Jean de Meunâ€™s jaded narrative has Friend giving the lover the advice to â€œserve and honorâ€ Scandal and all his lineage â€™tout son lignageâ€™ because it is â€œno sin to trick those who are tainted by trickeryâ€ â€˜De ceus bouler nes pas pechies qi de bouler sont entechiesâ€™. And Scandal is indeed a boulierre a trickster. Friend goes on to explain the shameful tricks that Scandalâ€™s bad mouth plays on men to stealâ€” money and reputation. Friend warns that Old Woman and Jealousy also guard Bel Acueil Warm Welcome the loverâ€™s companion who has also been taken into the castle. Through false courtesy bribes and weepingâ€” even false weepingâ€” will be needed for Amans to make his way through the castle.<img class=""alignnone wp-image-25768 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204140257/Roman-E-1-e1667228257297-1600x856.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""856"" />At this point the fragment breaks off and resumes nearly a thousand lines later. The break in lines from one folio to the next from lines 7301-7379 to 8415-8575 occurs because of the way the book was put together. Large leaves of vellum were folded in half to create bifolia which were in turn nested into one another to create gathering of folios or pages in a modern sense. Since the folded bifolia were still attached a loose bifolia will contain text that jumps from one folio to the next. This is to say that the text on a bifolium will not follow sequentially unless it is the very center of the quire.We reenter the narrative as Friend is telling of an idyllic time which slides slowly towards Jean de Meunâ€™s cynicism but also with a great statement of the primary of love over earthly physical power and domination â€” â€œNo king or prince had yet committed any crime by robbing and seizing from another. All were accustom to being equal and no one wanted any possessions of his own. They knew well the saying neither lying nor foolish that love and lordship never kept each other company nor dwelth together. The one that dominates separates themâ€ â€œNâ€™encor nâ€™avoit fet roy ne price Meifet qui lautrui tout et pinche Testuit pareil estre souloient Ne riens propre avoir ne vouloient. Bien savoient ceste parole Qui nest mencongiere ne fole Conques amour et seignourie Ne sentrefirent compaignie Ne ne demourerent pas ensemble: Cil qui mestrie les dessembleâ€™. Immediately following this the relationships between a jealous husband and frivolous wife is examined. Jealousy laments his own marriage and the bygone days of women like the Grecian Penelope of Homerâ€™s Odysseya who waited loyally on Odysseusâ€™s return.A Note on the Rarity:The text is far from common on the market with the vast Schoenberg database listing only ten codices appearing at auction since the 1970s and only three of those of the fourteenth century: Christies' 7 June 2006 lots 23 and 31 once Phillipps MS. 2838 and 4185 now both Senshu University Japan; and another in the same rooms 9 July 2001 lot 12; Sotheby's 17 June 1997 lot 6 once Phillipps MS. 129; Drouot 16 December 1994 lot 1; another in the same rooms 9 December 1992 lot 371; Ader Picard Tajan in Paris 16 September 1988 lot 152 this previously in Sotheby's New York sale of Carleton Richmond's library in 1981; the Astor copy sold in Sotheby's 21 June 1988 then Beck collection and stolen; Christie's 25 June 1980 lot 232 once Phillipps MS. 4357 now in the Ferrell collection; another sold in Ader Picard Tajan in Paris 20 May 1980 lot 60; and that sold in Sotheby's 13 July 1977 lot 48 to Peter Ludwig and thence to the Getty Museum. Fragments seem to come to the market even less frequently with the last examples in Christie's 30 May 1984 lot 200 a small miniature trimmed to its edges from a manuscript of the second half of the fourteenth century; Alde Libraire Giraud Badin 8 June 2012 a fourteenth-century leaf most probably the missing first leaf of Columbia University Plimpton MS. 284; and two fifteenth-century bifolia recovered from bindings sold through Dreweattâ€™s 6 July 2017 lots 34 and 35.<img class=""alignnone wp-image-25769 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204140244/Roman-F-1-e1667228424857-1600x828.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""828"" />The Scribe and His France:While the parent manuscript of the present leaves was probably a Parisian product and made for an aristocratic audience in the early 14th century the scribe of the manuscript probably came from farther afield than the ÃŽle-de-France.Comparing the paleographic style the manuscript is similar to a manuscript at Oxford Bodleian MS Selden Supra 57 composed in 1348 in Paris arriving in the Bodleian Library in 1659. However a comparison of a sampling of 10 lines from both manuscripts reveals an interesting linguistic difference between the Parisian manuscript and the fragments here.Lines 7307-7316 Selden Sura 57 on left fragment on right with differences in bold.Nene fetes chiere neisune/ ne faites chiere neysuneDe haine ne de rancune;/ de hayne ne de rancune ;Et se vous ailleurs l'encontrez/et se vous ailleurs lencontresNul mautalent ne li montrez:/nul mautalent ne li monstres :Sages hons son mautalent cueure/ sages hommes son mautalent ceuvreSi sachiez que cil font bonne eure/ si sachies que cil fet bone euvreQui les deceveours decovient;/ qi les decheveeurs decoivent;Sachiez ainsi fere le doivent/ sachies quâ€™ainssi faire le doiventTrestuit amant au mainz li sage./ tretuit amans au mains li sage.Male Bouche et tout son linage/ Male Bouche et tout son lignageWe can examine another stylistically manuscript from Central France likely Paris in the 4th quarter of the 14th century London British Library MS Add. 42133.Lines 7307-7316: Add. 4233 left Selden Sura 57 middle fragment right with differences in bold.Nene fetes chiere nisune/ Nene fetes chiere neisune/ ne faites chiere neysuneDe hayne ne de racune/ De haine ne de rancune;/ de hayne ne de rancune ;Et se vous ailleurs lencontrez/Et se vous ailleurs l'encontrez/et se vous ailleurs lencontresNul maltalent ne li monstrez/ Nul mautalent ne li montrez:/nul mautalent ne li monstres :Sages hommes son maltalent cueure/ Sages hons son mautalent cueure/ sages hommes son mautalent ceuvreSi sachiez que cil font bonne oeure/Si sachiez que cil font bonne eure/ si sachies que cil fet bone euvreQi les deceveurs decoivent/ Qui les deceveours decovient;/ qi les decheveeurs decoivent;Sachiez quainsi fere le doivent/ Sachiez ainsi fere le doivent/ sachies quâ€™ainssi faire le doiventTretuit amant au mains lo sage/ Trestuit amant au mainz li sage./ tretuit amans au mains li sage.Male Bouche et tout son linguage/ Male Bouche et tout son linage/ Male Bouche et tout son lignage<img class=""alignnone wp-image-25770 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204140228/Roman-G-1-e1667228920615-1600x832.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""832"" />Comparing the fragment of the Rose with the other dated and located copies of the same text invites out the linguistic diversity of Old French the pre-Modern French in use from the 8th to 14th centuries. â€œOld Frenchâ€ is somewhat of an umbrella term housing the attested dialects that comprised the linguistic landscape of the Francophone region. The French spoken in the Paris region at this time is known as Francien in Champagne it is Champeniose Picard is Picardie Normans spoke Normand and the French of England is often called Anglo-Normand. These are only a sampling from the five linguistically distinct regions in the overarching region of langue dâ€™oil France roughly the distinction between Northern France where they say oui for yes and Southern France where they say oc for yes. A simplified map of the langues de oil are represented below:While some differences in the orthography of the Rose texts can be due to the lack of standardization in spelling in this period the differences can help us better understand the most likely profile of the scribe and can likely rule out a Parisian scribe who would have been native in the Francien-dialect. We begin to suspect that the scribe of these fragments was more likely to have come from a region outside of Paris. The data suggests Hainaut Orleans Indre-et-Loire or Ardennes as likely regions with overlap of the linguistic features. Two of these areas Hainaut and Ardennes are geographically close north and northeast of Paris while Indre-et-Loire and Orleans are further southwest from Paris.Though inconclusive we can begin to paint a picture of our writer: a talented scribe arriving in Paris and adapting the Parisian style of writing but never losing his regional flare or maybe he was commissioned by a family of one of these areas and was delighted for the opportunity to produce a manuscript in his own dialect rather than Francien.Further details:Jean de Meun section of Roman de la Rose in Old French with regional features from outside of Paris illuminated manuscript on parchment northern France mid-fourteenth century Two large leaves each with double column of 40 lines of an early gothic French vernacular hand with lines 7301-7379 and 8415-8575 of the poem with one-line initials offset in margins 2-line initials in gold on blue and dark-pink grounds heightened with white penwork but with an apparent quire signature ""VII'"" at foot of verso of second leaf recovered from an account book binding that dated ""1622"" and ""1623"" and so with some stains cockled areas later scrawls discoloration to outer surfaces of that binding and holes but overall in good and presentable condition each leaf approximately 330 by 225mm. written space 226 by 167mm. These are exceptionally early witnesses to this most important literary text the most popular secular work of the entire Middle Ages.Â Manuscript notations from use in the 17th century likely as binding.Provenance: Recently discovered in an American collection.Johns Hopkins Standardized Section Headings:Folio 11. Amans Lover and Amis Friend discuss the situation Amis assuring Amans that the situation is not desperate; no prison can hold Bel Acueil Warm Welcome once he has awarded Amans a kiss J3b 1-99 Lines 7204-73022. Amis counsels Amans to play nice with Male Bouche Slander J3c 1-66 7303-73683. Amis counsels Amans to be sweet to Vielle Old Woman and Jalousie J3d 1-32 7369-7400Folio 2:1. Amis Friend observes that things have not always been so; during the golden age love was sincere and loyal not rapacious J3o 1-96 lines 8323-84182. Amis interrupts himself to note that love is incompatible with domination beginning an account of a jealous husband Jalous Jealousy J3p 1-18 8419-84363. Amis in the voice of the husband berates his wife for carrying on when he goes off on business and for paying attention to young men J3q 1-94 8437-85304. Jalous laments that he should have followed the advice of Theofrastus and never married: whether a women is ugly or beautiful she will betray her husband J3r 1-42 8531-85725. All women can be seduced; women like Penelope or Lucrece no longer exist J3s 1-72 8573-8656 See Also:Price Michael â€œâ€˜Lostâ€™ Medieval Literature Uncovered by Techniques Used to Track Wildlifeâ€ Science Feb. 17. 2022Solly Meilan â€œHow Much Medieval Literature Has Been Lost Over the Centuriesâ€ The Smithsonian March 8 2022<img class=""alignnone wp-image-24867 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204144901/Folder-site-10-1600x1327.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""1327"" /> hardcover

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