Nixon

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NIXON, RichardBiblio.com

SUMMONS TO GREATNESS. A COLLAGE OF INSPIRATIONAL THOUGHT AND PRACTICAL IDEAS FROM THE MESSAGES AND ADDRESSES OF RICHARD NIXON

Nixon, RichardBiblio.com

Submission of Recorded Presidential Conversations to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives by President Richard Nixon April 30 1974

19747098Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 1974. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Good. 2 1308 2 pages. Wraps. The covers and some pages creased small stains on front cover and spine. Small tears at spine and spine creased. When the existence of tape recorded White House conversations became known in July of that year both Cox and the Senate Watergate Committee asked Judge Sirica to issue a subpoena for several "relevant and important" recordings and documents. The president refused to comply with the subpoenas citing executive privilege and national security concerns. On April 11 1974 by a 33–3 vote the Judiciary Committee subpoenaed 42 White House tapes of pertinent conversations. A week later Jaworski obtained a subpoena from Judge Sirica ordering Nixon to release 64 additional recordings in connection with his case. Nixon initially wanted to refuse both requests completely but James St. Clair and others advised him that such a stance would be untenable politically. Consequently Nixon agreed that transcripts of the tapes requested by the Judiciary Committee with certain passages edited or removed would be released but that Jaworski's request for tapes and other documents would be denied. Nixon announced this decision on April 29. Upon inspecting the transcripts Nixon shocked by several profanity-laced discussions among his inner circle ordered that every use of profanity be replaced by "EXPLETIVE DELETED." The next day April 30 some 1250 pages of transcripts edited by the president and his aides to remove portions deemed "not relevant" to the Watergate investigation were made public. The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was initiated by the United States House of Representatives on October 30 1973 during the course of the Watergate scandal when multiple resolutions calling for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon were introduced immediately following the series of high-level resignations and firings widely called the "Saturday Night Massacre". The House Committee on the Judiciary soon began an official investigation of the president's role in Watergate and in May 1974 commenced formal hearings on whether sufficient grounds existed to impeach Nixon of high crimes and misdemeanors under Article II Section 4 of the United States Constitution. This investigation was undertaken one year after the United States Senate established the Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities to investigate the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex during the 1972 presidential election and the Republican Nixon administration's attempted cover-up of its involvement; during those hearings the scope of the scandal became apparent and the existence of the Nixon White House tapes was revealed. Following an April 1974 subpoena from the Judiciary Committee edited transcripts of 42 taped White House conversations relevant to the Watergate cover-up were finally made public by Nixon. However the committee pressed for the audio tapes themselves and subsequently issued subpoenas for additional tapes all of which Nixon had refused. That same month Nixon also refused to comply with a subpoena from special prosecutor Leon Jaworski for 64 Watergate-related tapes. Ultimately on July 24 1974 the United States Supreme Court issued a unanimous decision against Nixon which ordered him to comply. On May 9 1974 formal hearings in the impeachment inquiry of Nixon began culminating on July 27–30 1974 when members of the Democratic-led Judiciary Committee eventually approved three articles of impeachment. These articles charged Nixon with: 1 obstruction of justice in attempting to impede the investigation of the Watergate break-in protect those responsible and conceal the existence of other illegal activities; 2 abuse of power by using the office of the presidency on multiple occasions dating back to the first year of his administration 1969 to unlawfully use federal agencies such as the Internal Revenue Service and the Federal Bureau of Investigation as well as establishing a covert White House special investigative unit to violate the constitutional rights of citizens and interfere with lawful investigations; and 3 contempt of Congress by refusing to comply with congressional subpoenas.3 These articles were reported to the House of Representatives for final action with 7 of the committee's 17 Republicans joining all 21 of its Democrats in voting in favor of one or more of the articles. Two other articles were debated in committee but were rejected. Based on the strength of the evidence presented and the bipartisan support for the articles in committee House leaders of both political parties concluded that Nixon's impeachment by the full House was a certainty if it reached the House floor for a final vote and that his conviction in a Senate trial was a distinct possibility. On August 5 1974 Nixon released a transcript of one of the additional conversations to the public known as the "smoking gun" tape which made clear his complicity in the Watergate cover-up. This disclosure destroyed Nixon politically. His most loyal defenders in Congress announced they would vote to impeach and convict Nixon for obstructing justice. Republican congressional leaders met with Nixon and told him that his impeachment and removal were all but certain. Thereupon Nixon gave up the struggle to remain in office and resigned on August 9 1974. U. S. Government Printing Office paperback

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Nixon

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