231 résultats
1756131625Avignon: n.p. 1756-60. The first public appearance of Quesnay's Tableau économique First edition of all six parts containing the first public appearance of Quesnay's Tableau économique. The first to follow Quesnay in the foundation of the Physiocratic circle Mirabeau was familiar with and influenced by Cantillon's theories. As well as fully articulating the principles that were to mark the school of physiocrats and expounding their implications regarding population agriculture and commerce the Ami des Hommes contained a reproduction of Quesnay's Tableau économique vol. VI previously published separately in very small numbers in 1758 and 1759. Mirabeau's reproduction made the essay obtainable thus bringing the founding document of the school of physiocrats to the attention of a wide public. "This remarkable treatise created the greatest sensation throughout the whole of Europe. It is said to have gone through forty editions and was translated into several languages. Its anonymous author soon discovered became the idol of the day and was generally referred to by the soubriquet which he had chosen for the title of his book" Palgrave II p. 775. Following the publication of the first three parts Mirabeau made the acquaintance of Quesnay who had been greatly impressed by his book. "Mirabeau now became the fervent admirer of Quesnay and between them they founded the school of the Physiocrats" ibid. In 1758 a fourth part was published in which Quesnay's influence is clearly visible. The remaining two parts were published in 1760. The final part is of particular importance as it contains the first obtainable appearance of Quesnay's Tableau économique which was previously published separately in tiny numbers in 1758 and 1759. An English translation was first published in 1766. 6 parts in 2 vols quarto 246 x 188 mm. Contemporary French mottled calf spines ruled and decorated gilt in compartments all edges red. Joints and extremities expertly restored scattered foxing to contents; a handsome copy. Einaudi 3941; Goldsmiths' 9092; Higgs 1143 1631 & 2160; INED 3194; Kress 5543 & 5736; Mattioli 2426 2428 & 2429. unknown
176084111No place: no printer 1760 & 1761. OF REAL IMPORTANCE IN THE HISTORY OF FINANCIAL THEORY" - a BEAUTIFUL COPY First edition of both works pairing Mirabeau's Théorie de l'Impôt his spirited and able attack upon the financial administration of France especially the "fermiers généraux" whom Mirabeau regarded as parasites preying upon the vitals of the nation with Pesselier's counterattack notable for its terse affirmation of the characteristically Physiocratic doctrine that agriculture holds a privileged place in the economic system. Mirabeau's work highlights the problems and injustices of the French system of taxation and added fuel to the coming fire of the revolution. The king disapproved of the work; Mirabeau was imprisoned on 16 December 1760 but was released on Christmas Eve through the efforts of Madame de Pompadour and others under orders to leave Paris for his estate at Bignon. The work proposes a reorganization of financial administrative machinery the abolition of the "fermes" a reduction in the taxation upon salt with the object of increasing the total yield and a special tax upon tobacco farms. The domaine the post and the mint were to be further sources of revenue. Mirabeau ranks as one of the earliest important writers on taxation. Higgs notes that the book is "of real importance in the history of financial theory" The Physiocrats p. 57. Pesselier was one of the most forceful critics of the physiocrats. Of the products of the soil Pesselier here writes "Elles procurent un profit net et durable puisqu'elles sont à l'abri de l'imitation" "They provide a net and lasting profit since they are safe from imitation". Two works bound in a single vol. quarto 255 x 193 mm. Contemporary French mottled calf spine decorated gilt in compartments red morocco label marbled endpapers. Housed in a brown morocco-backed book-form case. Engraved armorial bookplate to front pastedown. Lower edge a little rubbed with corners worn very occasional spotting; very good copies. Mirabeau: Einaudi 3946; Goldsmiths' 9602; Higgs 2297; INED 3209; Kress 5883. Pesselier: Brunet I 1118; Einaudi 4409; Goldsmiths' 9695; Higgs 2534; INED 3524; Kress 5964. unknown
1763153616Amsterdam: Chez les Libraires Associés 1763. The new science of economics Rare first edition presenting "perhaps the most complete and magisterial account of the views of the Physiocratic school" Higgs. "Quesnay collaborated very substantially in preparing this last major work contributing the final chapter with further explanations and manipulations of his Tableau Économique analysis" The New Palgrave. Schumpeter calls the work "the first of the four textbooks of physiocrat orthodoxy" p. 225. It contains for the first time Quesnay's masterful explanation of his Tableau Économique "one of those works in the history of economics which have often been regarded as an anticipation of modern theories" Schumpeter p. 242. Originally printed as a pamphlet of 16 pages in 1758 in a minute number of copies Quesnay's Tableau Économique was first revealed to the public as the final part of Mirabeau's L'Ami des Hommes in 1760. In the Philosophie rurale Quesnay for the first time gives a full explanation of his system. The Tableau économique is credited as the "first precise formulation" of interdependent systems in economics and the origin of the theory of the multiplier in economics. An analogous table is used in the theory of money creation under fractional-reserve banking by relending of deposits leading to the money multiplier. In a letter to Mirabeau written late in 1758 Quesnay remarks "J'ai taché de faire un tableau fondamental de l'ordre économique pour y représenter les dépenses et les produits sous un aspect facile à saisir et pour juger clairment des arrangemens et des dérangemens que le gouvernement peut y causer" translated: "I have tried to make a fundamental table of the economic order in order to represent the expenses and the products in an aspect easy to grasp and to judge clearly of the arrangements and disturbances that the government can cause there". "A most remarkable analysis of the economic condition of his country" Palgrave the Tableau économique "is the most important and famous work of Physiocracy and has often been regarded as a summary of the entire corpus of Physiocratic economics. The Tableau has also been regarded as the analytical synthesis of the logical structure of Quesnay's economics or at least as its most relevant aspect. The Tableau économique is one of those works in the history of economics which have often been regarded as an anticipation of modern theories. The Tableau has been considered a first rough presentation of Keynes's multiplier and as a sort of general equilibrium system of a Walrasian type. For others the Tableau is an input-output table. Because of the Tableau Quesnay has been regarded as an early econometrician. The Tableau has also been interpreted as the first classical system of price determination thus anticipating Marx's reproduction schemes and Sraffa's price system" Giovanni Vaggi in The New Palgrave. Quarto 260 x 192 mm. With 3 engraved plates including the Tableau économique. Contemporary quarter marbled sheep orange paste paper sides light blue endpapers. Housed in a black cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Neatly restored at extremities insect abrasion to spine slight cockling to paste paper sides contents clean and fresh. A very good copy. Goldsmiths' 9836; Higgs 2881; INED 3204; Kress 6120; Mattioli 2435. hardcover
1758153197Avignon: no publisher 1758-60. The first public appearance of Quesnay's Tableau Économique First complete edition of all six parts containing the first public appearance of Quesnay's Tableau Économique; a superb copy in contemporary French red morocco very uncommon thus. The first to follow Quesnay in the foundation of the Physiocratic circle Mirabeau was familiar with and influenced by Cantillon's theories. As well as fully articulating the principles that were to mark the school of physiocrats and expounding their implications regarding population agriculture and commerce the Ami de l'Homme contained a reproduction of Quesnay's Tableau Économique vol. 6 previously published separately in very small numbers in 1758 and 1759. Mirabeau's reproduction made the essay obtainable thus bringing the founding document of the school of physiocrats to the attention of a wide public. "This remarkable treatise created the greatest sensation throughout the whole of Europe. It is said to have gone through forty editions and was translated into several languages. Its anonymous author soon discovered became the idol of the day and was generally referred to by the soubriquet which he had chosen for the title of his book" Palgrave II p. 775. Following the publication of the first three parts Mirabeau made the acquaintance of Quesnay who had been greatly impressed by his book. "Mirabeau now became the fervent admirer of Quesnay and between them they founded the school of the Physiocrats" ibid. With this new edition of the first three parts a fourth part was published in 1758 in which Quesnay's influence is clearly visible. The remaining two parts were published in 1760. The final part is of particular importance as it contains the first obtainable appearance of Quesnay's Tableau Économique which was previously published separately in tiny numbers in 1758 and 1759. An English translation was first published in 1766. 6 parts in 3 vols quarto 252 x 195 mm. Engraved frontispiece in part I engraved head- and tailpieces initials. Contemporary French red morocco spines elaborately decorated gilt in compartments twin green morocco labels raised bands triple gilt rule border to sides gilt inner dentelles marbled endpapers gilt edges green silk ribbon bookmarkers. Authorship attribution to first title in ink in an early hand. Bar a few trivial marks to sides the binding in beautiful condition corners a touch rubbed; vast majority of contents bright crisp and clean with very occasional spotting third volume with some light browning and foxing; loss to lower corners of leaves vol. 1 Hh2 and vol. 3 Aa3 not affecting text; patch of dampstain to last two leaves and final blank of vol. 2. A near-fine set. Einaudi 3941; Goldsmiths' 9317; Higgs 1628 1631; INED 3194; Kress 5735 & 5736; Mattioli 2427 2428 2429 & 2430. hardcover
178957115Paris, Chez Baudouin, Imprimeur de l'Assamblée Nationale, 1789. 8vo. Bound in an exquisite later red half morocco with gilt spine. Top edge gilt. (1) f. (title-page), 8 pp. (""Déclaration des droits de l'Homme en société""), 6 pp. (""Articles de Constitution""), (1) f. (""Réponse du Roi""), (1) f. (blank). Woodcut head-pieces. Title-page slightly bowned, otherwise in excellent condition. A truly excellent copy.
178957115Paris Chez Baudouin Imprimeur de l'Assamblée Nationale 1789. 8vo. Bound in an exquisite later red half morocco with gilt spine. Top edge gilt. 1 f. title-page 8 pp. "Déclaration des droits de l'Homme en société" 6 pp. "Articles de Constitution" 1 f. "Réponse du Roi" 1 f. blank. Woodcut head-pieces. Title-page slightly bowned otherwise in excellent condition. A truly excellent copy. <br/><br/><em>The exceedingly scarce true first printing in an incredibly rare form of off-print/separate printing of one of the most important and influential documents in the history of mankind namely the French Human Rights Declaration containing also the articles for the first French Constitution. This groundbreaking publication constitutes a monumental change in the structure of the human world providing all citizens with individual rights that we now take for granted. This monument of humanist thought appeared in the "Procès verbal de l'Assemblée Nationale" copies of which are also very difficult to obtain. There however the two parts appeared without a title-page and without the final blank which together constitute a form of wrappers for this off-print/separate printing of which only five or six other copies are known and which is present in merely one or two libraries world-wide. As far as we now only one other copy has been on the private market and that did not have the blank back wrapper. This exceedingly rare separate printing of the Human Rights Declaration with the Constitution was intended for the inner circle of those participating in its creation and was limited to a very restricted number of copies - all of which will have been owned by the creators of the Declaration. This epochal document is just as important today as it was when it was formulated during the French Revolution in 1789 and since 2003 the Declaration has been listed in the UNESCO Memory of World Register - "This fundamental legacy of the French Revolution formed the basis of the United Nations Declaration of 1948 and is of universal value". Few other documents in the history of mankind has done as much to determine the way we live and think the way Western societies are structured and governed and few other documents have had such a direct impact upon our constitutional rights and the way we view ourselves and others in society. It is here that we find the formulation of liberty and equality upon which so much of Western political and moral thought is based - that all "men are born and remain free and equal in rights" Article 1 which were specified as the rights of liberty private property the inviolability of the person and resistance to oppression Article 2; that all citizens were equal before the law and were to have the right to participate in legislation directly or indirectly Article 6; no one was to be arrested without a judicial order Article 7; Freedom of religion Article 10 and freedom of speech Article 11 were safeguarded within the bounds of public "order" and "law" etc. etc.The content of the document that were to change the Western world for good emerged largely from the ideals of the Enlightenment. "The sources of the Declaration included the major thinkers of the French Enlightenment such as Montesquieu who had urged the separation of powers and Jean-Jacques Rousseau who wrote of general will-the concept that the state represents the general will of the citizens. The idea that the individual must be safeguarded against arbitrary police or judicial action was anticipated by the 18th-century parlements as well as by writers such as Voltaire. French jurists and economists such as the physiocrats had insisted on the inviolability of private property." Encycl. Britt.The key drafts were prepared by Lafayette working at times with Thomas Jefferson. In August 1789 Honoré Mirabeau played a central role in conceptualizing and drafting the Declaration. On August 26 1789 in the midst of The French Revolution the last article of the Declaration was adopted by the National Constituent Assembly as the first step towards a constitution for France. "In 1789 the people of France brought about the abolishment of the absolute monarchy and set the stage for the establishment of the first French Republic. Just six weeks after the storming of the Bastille and barely three weeks after the abolition of feudalism the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen French: La Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen was adopted by the National Constituent Assembly as the first step toward writing a constitution for the Republic of France.The Declaration proclaims that all citizens are to be guaranteed the rights of "liberty property security and resistance to oppression." It argues that the need for law derives from the fact that ".the exercise of the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure other members of the society the enjoyment of these same rights." Thus the Declaration sees law as an "expression of the general will" intended to promote this equality of rights and to forbid "only actions harmful to the society." www.humanrights.com. This sensational document became the crowning achievement of the French Revolution; it came to accelerate the overthrow of the "Ancien Régime" and sowed the seed of an extremely radical re-ordering of society. The Declaration interchanged the pre-revolutionary division of society -in the clergy the aristocracy and the common people- with a general equality - "All the citizens being equal in the eyes of the law are equally admissible to all public dignities places and employments according to their capacity and without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents" From Article VI upon which today's society is still based. It is hard to imagine a work that is more important to the foundation of the society that we live in today. </em> unknown
