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ANTOINE IGNACE MELLING.MareMagnum

Voyage pittoresque de Constantinople et des rives du Bosphore.= A pictoral voyage to Constantinople and the shores of Bosphorus. 51 original size engravings, and French and English text book separately.

As New English Original bdg. In publisher's original slip-case. Elephant folio. (66 x 50 cm). In French and English. Color and b/w ills. 144 p., 49 plates., 3 maps. Another superb facsimile edition of a very rare book by Ertug & Kocabiyik. In 1795 the Alsace-born Antoine Ignace Melling, who had come to Constantinople to seek his fortunes, was appointed imperial architect by the Ottoman Sultan Selim III. During his tenure in that position, he also designed and landscaped a seaside palace for Selim's sister, Princess Hatice. While in Constantinople, Melling executed a number of astonishing panoramic views of the city and its environs.Melling returned to Paris in about 1803. In 1809 he set up an engraving studio for the purpose of reproducing these drawings. The completed images were published as a series of fascicles that were sent out to subscribers. The last one appeared in 1819. The Ertug & Kocabiyik facsimile edition of the complete book is produced from the original "elephant folio", an unfolded first edition in the collection of Ahmet Ertug. The technical aspects of the project were done under the supervision of Mr. Ertug in Switzerland by some of the world's leading facsimile specialists. This outstanding facsimile edition is available in two different bindings. One is bound in sturdy Japanese cloth and the other is a very limited edition of only 50 copies bound in leather that is intended for connoisseurs of exceptionally fine books. The binding and decoration of all the leather-bound copies were done by hand. The book measures 50 by 66 cms. The foldout image plates are 65 by 97 cms. There are 48 views of Constantinople in the late 18th century and also three maps. The publishers also offer an edition of the unfolded image plates presented in a leather-bound case. Only 25 copies of this version have been produced. The text for this edition is bound separately and presented in a pocket in the leather case. The descriptions of the views in the facsimile edition are in the original French and an English translation is also provided. The Ertug & Kocabiyik facsimile edition of "Voyage pittoresque" is an outstanding achievement and one that is certain to appeal to collectors of rare books and to those who admire beautiful art objects.

KOCA HÜSREV MEHMED PASHA, (Ottoman admiral, reformer and statesman, who was Kapudan Pasha ("Grand Admiral") of the Ottoman Navy), (1769-1855).MareMagnum

[FIRST ARMY of MODERNIZATION PERIOD - ASÂKIR-I MANSÛRE-I MUHAMMEDIYE] [Autograph letter sealed 'Hüsrev Mehmed' addressed to Serkâtib of Humayûn sealed 'Mustafa Nuri'].

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original manuscript autograph handwritten document sealed 'Hüsrev Mehmed' sent to (and responded by) Serkâtib Mustafa. Written in special paper with 'ahar'. 39x21 cm. In Ottoman script. Slightly tear on folded place and slightly stains. Otherwise a very good manuscript paper. The document was written in accordance with the Ottoman state correspondence tradition prior to modernization. However, it is an indication of modernization that it is written to the serkâtib of Humâyûn (head clerk of the Ottoman / Turkish court) and not to the Sultan directly. The importance of this document is that it has many hints of modernization movements of the last period of Empire, depiction of the division of the first modern Ottoman army (Asakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye) that's before one year of Egyptian Campaign by Koca Husrev Pasha and before eight years of proclamation of Reform (Tanzimat) and after only 22 years of Turkish Magna Carta (Sened-i Ittifak). Husrev Pasha was 'serasker' (commandant and head) of Assakir-i Mansure-i Muhammediye Army in that year. Husrev's text starts as 'Devletlü, inayetlü, atufetlü, oglum.." in 'Elqab'. In the Ottoman diplomacy, first person who used 'oglum' [i.e. my son] in elqab of the documents was Koca Hüsrev Pasha. (Source: Osmanli Arsiv Belgeleri, Orhan Sakin). Koca Hüsrev Pasha (Khosrew Pasha) was an Ottoman Kapudan Pasha ("Grand Admiral") of the Ottoman Navy and statesman who reached the position of Grand Vizier rather late in his career, between 2 July 1839 and 8 June 1840 in the reign of Abdülmecid I. However, during the 1820s, he occupied key administrative roles in the fight against regional warlords, the reformation of the army, and the reformation of Turkish attire. In 1801, Hüsrev Pasha commanded the 6,000 Ottoman troops who assisted the British in removing the French from Rashid (Rosetta). For this, he was made governor of Egypt Eyalet (province), in which position he was charged with assisting Hüseyin Pasha in the killing or imprisoning the surviving leaders of the Mamluks. Many of these were freed by or fled with the British, while others held Minia between Upper and Lower Egypt. [.] He was later made governor again by Muhammad Ali for 2 days [.] After Diyarbekir and Salonica, in 1806 he was governor of Bosnia Eyalet, before being reappointed as governor of Salonica in 1808. Hüsrev Pasha held the rank of Kapudan Pasha of the Ottoman Navy from 1811 to 1818. He was then appointed governor of the Eyalet of Trabzon twice, during which time he conducted for the Black Sea region of Turkey the struggle the central Ottoman state was waging against local feudal rulers (Derebeys). During the Greek War of Independence, he was appointed Kapudan Pasha again in the end of 1822. In 1826, Husrev Pasha played vital roles both in the Auspicious Incident (the annihilation of the Janissary Corps in 1826) and in the formation of the new "Mansure Army" modeled after those of European Powers. Appointed as seraskier (commander the army) of the Mansure in May 1827, Husrev reformed and disciplined the corps. Himself ignorant of modern military methods, he assembled a staff of foreign experts and other personnel to assist him, the "Seraskeriye", which constituted the first staff in Ottoman history. Due to his early championing of military reform and virtual control over the new Ottoman army, Husrev was able to install many of his protégés in senior military positions. Husrev Pasha was also instrumental for the near-abandonment of the turban and the adoption of the fez as a universal headgear for Muslim men of the Ottoman Empire (excluding the religious classes) under Sultan Mahmud II. (Wikipedia). Möltke talks about him in famous book includes his personal letters as 'he is more powerful than sultan'. Following the suppression of the Janissaries in 1826, Sultan Mahmud II transferred the functions of the old Agha of the Janissaries to the seraskier.

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Hanson, A.L.; Cutler, A.W.; Lees, Frederic; Gove, David; Platt, Alec; Pitt-Kethley, Victor; Fletcher, Alfred C.B.; Thomas, T.J.; Shepstone, Harold J.; St. Lawrence, Bernard ; Vivian, Herbert;MareMagnum

The Wide World, The Magazine for Men, August [Aug.] 1916, Vol. 37, No. 220: Tragic Story of the Stefansson Arctic Exploration Expedition

Abundant black and white illustrations and reproductions of photos. Features: Two Men's Madness - six lives and a fine ship, the Frank N. Thayer, are lost through the unaccountable frenzy of two Indians; In Wildest Ireland - A.W. Cutler describes and photographs "unspoilt" regions of the Emerald Isle - with many fascinating photos; The Guardian of the Line - the ordeal undergone by a humble railway-crossing keeper's wife in Lithuania on the Russian Front; In Search of the Unknown Land - The tragic story of the Stefansson Arctic Exploration Expedition, twelve-page article including many photos; The Tales of Golab Khan - some amusing stories of Indian life; The Airman's Escape - two British aviators raid a Bulgarian town, then one is shot down and must be rescued by his companion; From Job To Job Around the World - part VI - Two American wanderers make there way through the Holy Land to Constantinople - with photos; The Trouble at Crib No. 2 - a tug-boat fireman recounts an exciting story of a winter rescue on the Great Lakes; Australia's Water Miracle - article and photos describe how the Government of New South Wales has created a miracle of irrigation; The Story of Count Seilern - A Tragedy of the Hapsburgs; Alpine Acrobats - A vivid account, illustrated by some very remarkable photographs, of the first ascent of the needle-like "Cigar Rock" in the Italian Alps; Lovely one-page illustrated ad by Canada Steamship Lines promotes their Niagara to the Sea all-water route; and more. pp. 4 [ads], [3], 290-385, 7-32 [ads]. Unmarked with moderate wear. Soiling to back cover. Covers beginning to loosen, otherwise a sound vintage copy of this exceptional issue.. Book

RareNonFiction.com · Ladysmith, CA2 500,00 €

ARISTIDE COUMBARY, (The director of the Imperial Ottoman Internal Meteorological Observatory in Constantinople), (1826-1896).MareMagnum

[THE LAW OF STORMS: FRENCH METEOROLOGIST IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE / FORECAST / TELEGRAPH] Lois des tempêtes avec dessins et cartes des tempêtes = Firtinalarin kavanîni ve bunlarin denizlerde müstelzim oldugu mehalik ve muhatirattan ihtiraz için ittihazi iktiza eden suver ve tedâbîr-i fiiliyeden bâhis risâle. [i.e. It is a tractate that talks about the laws of storms and the actual measures and figures and the protection from their dangers and damages, their causing at the seas].

Very Good French Contemporary 1/4 leather bdg. with marbled boards. Small 4to. (27 x 19 cm). 23 p. (11 p. in Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters; 12 p. in French), with rare 4 folded maps. A very good copy. First and only edition of this extremely rare bilingual book in French and Ottoman Turkish, including the first records on the formation and characteristics of storms to explain how storms and hurricanes occurred, which route they followed, and how they were conveyed to the regions that need to be warned by telegraph, for the vessels sailing in the seas, by French expert Coumbary who was founded the Rasathâne-i Âmîre [i.e. Ottoman Imperial Observatory]. Both the original French and Turkish translations of the work were published together in one volume. The work also included four maps which were drawn for this work only. The first map shows the movement of a storm that occurred on March 8, 1865, the second one shows the occurrence between the Tropic Cancer and Capricorn whirlwinds, storms in the Atlas and Indian oceans, the movements in the Bay of Bengal, the storms in different directions in the China Sea, the Gulfstream, Grönland, and Azores. The second observatory in the Ottoman era was established for meteorology. Before this center was established, beginning from the Reformation (1839), many meteorological observatories were built by foreigners in various cities such as Istanbul, Smyrna, Trebizond, Tekirdag, and Merzifon both as private and public establishments. The very first known temperature readings are the meteorological observations made by the Priest Dalmas at the St. Benôit monastery between 1839-1847. Later William Lane, an Englishman who came to Istanbul during the Crimean War, made observations at the British Cemetery at Haydarpasa. W. Noe, director of the Mekteb-i Fünûn-u Sahane made observations at the house in Kalyoncukulluk where he lived until the Beyoglu Fire in 1848; and finally, it is known that French engineer Ritter, who was invited by the government for waterworks in Kuruçesme (1856-1860) also conducted meteorological observations. Observations on precipitation and humidity conducted between 1875-1892 by an amateur observer on the Thomson Farm in Erenköy are invaluable on the subject of Istanbul's climate. These observations have been published in Budapest in 1928. Excellent observations on heat, pressure, and humidity, made in the summer residence of the Russian ambassador on Büyükada have also been published, in Annales St. Petersburg. In 1858, the French government established the first observatory communicating data over the telegraph, and in 1863, by compiling meteorological data in France, the French National Meteorological Network started operations. In 1868, upon the recommendation of the French government, the Rasathane-i Âmire was founded to convey meteorological forecasts to certain centers by telegraph. Instruments were purchased from leading European factories, and operations started on top of a hill 74 meters high on Pera. The first director was Mr. Aristide Coumbray, who came to Istanbul to renovate the telegraph network. (Instruments commissioned from France were set up at Mr. Coumbary's home, which stood at the garden of the Swedish Embassy. The observatory was later moved after its offices were prepared.) Coumbary represented Turkey in the first international meteorology congress, convened in Wien five years later in 1873. Rasathane-i Âmire worked by the same system as the National Meteorology Center in France. In the observation books of 1868 (August-November), names of affiliated stations are given to us Soulina, Köstence (Constantia), Varna, Burgaz, Valona, Elbasan, Durazzo, and Beirut. Later, stations in Izmir, Diyarbakir, Baghdad, and Fao were also added. The observatory founded by Aristide Coumbary in 1868 in Istanbul, operated until the end of the First World War. Özege 5735.; TBTK 7688, 10862.; Not in OCLC.

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HAFIZ HÜSEYIN AYVANSARAYÎ, (?-1786).MareMagnum

[THE MOST IMPORTANT BOOK OF ISLAMIC BUILDINGS IN CONSTANTINOPLE] Hadikatû'-l cevâmî. 2 volumes set. [= Hadiqatul-gewami = The garden of the mosques].

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) In contemporary Ottoman quarter burgundy leather bdg. with red boards. Gilt lettering of the title with some decorative elements and four raised bands to the spine. Large roy. 8vo. (25 x 16 cm). In Ottoman script. 2 volumes set: (310 p.; 264 p). Hadikatû'-l cevâmî. 2 volumes set. [= Hadiqatul-gewami = The garden of the mosques]. Occasionally foxing on boards, slight stains on paper. Otherwise a very good copy. First edition of this rare monumental two-volume set in which an inventory is kept of almost all architectural buildings such as mosques, masjids, fountains, schools, and lodges in Ottoman Istanbul and its surroundings, built since Sultan Mehmet II up to 1768, in a traveler style, by Ayvansarayî, who was hafiz and janissary sekban who lived in the 18th century. "This excellent book has an extremely important place in the literature not only in terms of architectural works and topography but also as a historical source of Constantinople". (Hammer). Long recognized by Turkish scholars as a unique source of Istanbul's architecture and urban form, the text, which was started in 1182 (1768-69) and completed in 1195/1780 and revised and enlarged between 1248/1832-33 and 1253/1838 by Ali Sati, son of Mahmud Efendi, one of the judges of Medina, contains separate descriptions of each of Istanbul's more than 800 mosques, plus accounts of its madrasahs, tombs, tekkes and other monuments. The annotations place each of these buildings within the city's urban plan and provide biographical information about the patrons, architects, and other personalities mentioned in the text. Ayvansarayi's original text, which survives in a number of manuscript copies, was enlarged in the 1830s by Ali Sati Efendi, whose reworking was published in print in 1865 and has thus become the best-known version of the Hadika. (Crane). The author, who first visited the mosques and masjids inside the city walls in a topographic order, then examined the ones outside the city walls, then discussed Eyüp, Galata, both sides of the Bosphorus, Üsküdar (Scutari), Kadiköy (Khalkedon) mosques and masjids. After giving the name of the building in each article, if a mosque was transformed from the church, he noted this issue and recorded the name of the person who had it built. If known, he also indicates where this person's grave is located. Detailed info about the restoration of the architectural building has been restored. And he gives detailed information on additional facilities such as a public fountain, sebil, school, madrasah, and in some cases the people who lie in its burial ground, with brief information about the foundation of this charitable building. Hegira 1281 = Gregorian 1865. Özege 6565.; Thirteen copies in the US libraries according to the OCLC.

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HOLY BOOK IN BULGARIAN].MareMagnum

[TSARIGRAD EDITION OF THE HOLY BOOK] Bibliia sirech sveshtenoto pisanie na Vetkhiia i Noviia zavet: Viarno i tochno prevedena ot pûrvoobraznoto.

Very Good Bulgarian Original blue cloth bdg. with embossing. Slightly stains on boards and toned on pages. Otherwise a very good copy. 12mo. (16,5 x 12 cm). In Bulgarian. 1230, [2] p. [HOLY BOOK IN BULGARIAN PRINTED IN TSARIGRAD (CONSTANTINOPLE)] Bibliia sirech sveshtenoto pisanie na Vetkhiia i Noviia zavet: Viarno i tochno prevedena ot pûrvoobraznoto. [.] In 1840 5,000 copies of the first complete translation of the New Testament were printed in Smyrna by the British and Foreign Bible Society. A second edition which was printed in Smyrna in 1850 was an almost exact reprint of the 1840 edition. A third edition followed in 1853 with 15,000 copies. The fourth edition was published in 1857 in Bucharest, and for the first time civil characters type was used. In 1859, two more editions were published. In 1866, a new "pocket" edition with text revised by Elias Riggs and Dr. Albert Long was printed in Constantinople. The New Testament was revised and reprinted a total of nine times. In the period from 1840 to 1860 the Eastern (Tarnovo) dialect was adopted as literary Bulgarian language and the Macedonian dialect, in which the New Testament had been translated, was widely rejected. By 1858 Neofit Rilski had finished large portion of the Old Testament. Riggs met with Neofit Rilski and discussed a possible revision of the Bulgarian New Testament to remove the Macedonian dialect elements. Neofit objected the revision, so Riggs took the translation and returned to Constantinople. In January 1859 Riggs invited the Bulgarian teacher Hristodul Kostovich to help him with the revision. In 1862 Long and Riggs visited the noted Bulgarian writer and poet Petko Rachov Slaveykov in Tryavna. Slaveykov agreed to help with the translation and began the work on the revising of Neofit's New Testament at once. Long joined the revision of the New Testament into the Eastern dialect in 1863 and later assisted with the translation of the Old Testament. In June 1871, after more than 12 years of revision and translation, 36,000 copies of the complete Bible translation in Bulgarian were published in Constantinople. The translation came to be known as the "Tsarigrad (Constantinople) Edition". Tsarigrad [or; Tsargrad, Tzargrad, Czargrad] Tsargrad is a Slavic name for the city or land of Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, and present-day Istanbul in Turkey. A physical copy of this edition is not located in OCLC. For digital register: OCLC 181122059.

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[ON THE OCCASION OF THE SECOND VISIT TO ISTANBUL OF KAISER WILHELM II AND AUGUSTA VICTORIA, QUEEN OF PRUSSIA].MareMagnum

[ILLUSTRATED KAISER'S VOYAGES TO THE OTTOMAN MIDDLE EAST] Hatirâ-i seyahât: Alman Imparatoru hasmetlü Vilhelm [Kaiser II. Wilhelm] ve Imparatoriçe Ogusta Viktorya [Augusta Victoria] hazretinin Dersaadet'i def'â-yi saniye olarak ziyaretleriyle Suriye seyahatlerine bir hatirâ-i nâçiz olmak üzere (Sabah) Gazetesi tarafindan Kariyan-i Osmaniyeye hediye edilmisdir.

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Fine brown quarter leather bdg., brown boards with decorative embossing. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 17 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic script). 176 p., 33 unnumbered b/w plates of views of the Middle Eastern cities, Kaiser and queen's portraits, ills. of their maritime voyages, a general view of Beirut, a panorama of Jerusalem (in two pages), The Government House and Lake Tiberia in Beirut, a general view of Jaffa, churches and castles and Masjid-i Aksa of Jerusalem, Idlib, the interior of the Umayyad Mosque in Jerusalem, The Government House of Jaffa, Beirut - Damascus railways, street views and architectural buildings from Damascus, the market place of Jaffa, Bethlehem and the church, views of Trablus-Sam [i.e. Tripolis], ruins of Baalbek, and other numerous b/w photos, published for only this book. Slight stains on pages, a modern repair on a leaf with tape, otherwise a very good copy. Bound together with "Eski Sevda" which is a compilation of Turkish tales. First and only edition of this richly illustrated scarce and uncommon book was printed for the German Emperor Wilhelm II and his wife Augusta Victoria, the commemoration of the construction of Alman Çesmesi [i.e. German Fountain] in Constantinople, and the first anniversary of the Wilhelm II's travel to the Ottoman Empire in 1898. The fountain's design was drawn by the architect Spitta and constructed by the architect Schoele with the German architect Carlitzik and Italian architect Joseph Anthony, working on the project. The fountain was built in Germany and then transported piece by piece to Istanbul, reassembled in its current site, and officially opened on January 27, 1901, on the birthday of German Emperor Wilhelm II. Wilhelm II's voyage to the Levant in 1898 was a state visit that the German Emperor undertook in the Ottoman Empire between 25 October and 12 November 1898. The Kaiser started his journey to the Ottoman Eyalets with Istanbul on 16 October 1898; then he went by yacht to Haifa on 25 October. After visiting Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the Kaiser went back to Jaffa to embark on Beirut, where he took the train passing Aley and Zahlé to reach Damascus on 7 November. This book is richly illustrated including many views of the cities of this voyage's destinations like Jerusalem, Damascus, Beirut (Beirut), Jafa, Baalbek, etc. On 10 November, Wilhelm went to visit Baalbek before heading to Beirut to board his ship back home on 12 November. His visit spurred interest in the German Templer colonies in Palestine. One of the Kaiser's traveling companions, Colonel Joseph von Ellrichshausen, initiated the formation of a society for the advancement of the German settlements in Palestine, named the Gesellschaft Zur Förderung der Deutschen Ansiedlungen in Palästina, in Stuttgart. It enabled the settlers to acquire land for new settlements by offering them low-interest loans. A subsequent second wave of German settlers founded Wilhelma (named after the Kaiser, now called Bnei Atarot) in 1902 near Lod, Walhalla (1903) near the original Jaffa colony, followed by Bethlehem of Galilee (1906). The German Settlement Society successfully encouraged some of the Templars to return to the official, national Protestant Church. The non-Templar colony of Waldheim (now Alonei Abba) was subsequently founded next to Bethlehem of Galilee in 1907 by proselytized Templers now affiliated with the Old-Prussian State Church. The visit resulted in the highest-profile political event in the life of Theodor Herzl, considered the founder of Zionism. Through the efforts of William Hechler, via Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden, Herzl publicly met Wilhelm II three times during the voyage, once in Istanbul (on 15 October 1898) and twice in Palestine (29 October and 2 November). The meetings significantly advanced Herzl's and Zionism's legitimacy in Jewish and world opinion. (Wikipedia). Only one copy in OCLC (Library of Congress. Karl Süssheim Collection, no. 1300) 900684728. Özege 7023

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I. A. (IBRAHIM ALAETTIN GÖVSA), (1889-1949).MareMagnum

[PROPAGANDA MAP SPREADING THE WORD THAT TURKEY IS WINNING THE WAR] Map of West Anatolia and the Archipelago showing the fronts of Turkish War of Independence in 1921-22. Tercümân-i Hakîkât'in kârilerine hediyesi. [i.e. Extra suppl. to 'Tercümân-i Hakîkat' Newspaper].

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) An extremely rare litho propaganda map published as an extra supplement to the Tercümân-i Hakîkat [i.e. The Translator of Truth] newspaper just before the proclamation of Republic in Turkey in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881-1938), showing the front in West Anatolia during the War of Independence (or National Struggle) between 1919-1922 against Greek forces. The upside of the map between the note as title 'Gift to the readers of 'Tercümân-i Hakîkat', Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's portrait among decorated heroic lithographed drawings. In the lower right corner, can be seen legends of the map, scale, and mapmaker's signature. Tercümân-i Hakîkat was a daily newspaper published in Istanbul between 1878-1921 during the Ottoman Empire. Tercüman-i Hakîkat, the most important newspaper published during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II, was founded by novelist Ahmed Midhat Efendi, (1844-1912). In the beginning, most of the articles were written by Ahmed Midhat Efendi. It was an encyclopedic newspaper with the aim of inculcating and educating reading habits among the Turks and it played an important role in the training of many famous Ottoman journalists. Its first issue was published on June 26, 1878. After Ahmed Midhat's death in 1913, the newspaper changed owners, and the last issue was published on February 11, 1921. Ibrahim Alaettin Gövsa, (1889-1949), was an Ottoman / Turkish journalist, educator, and intellectual who supported the War of Independence the most. This propaganda map published in Tercümân-i Hakîkat, during the war in 1920 or 1921, is a propaganda tool that calls on the literate people belonging to a certain class, especially those living in Istanbul, to support the war, and aims to spread the word that Turkey is winning the war. Original lithograph map. 50x35,5 cm. In Ottoman script (Turkish with Arabic letters). Scale: 1: 250.000. Occasionally foxing and slight stains on paper, folded traces. Otherwise a very good copy.

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Prep. by AHMET TABAKOGLU, AHMET KAL'A, SALIH AYNURAL, ISMAIL KARA, EYÜP SABRI KAL'A.MareMagnum

Istanbul su külliyâti: Vakif su defterleri, Istanbul ser'iyye sicilleri (1577-1928). I-XXIV. 34 volumes set. Transcription: Collective.

New English Paperback. Pbo. 4to. (31 x 22 cm). In Turkish. B/w and color ills. and original b/w Ottoman documents. 1000 copies were printed. Vol. 1: Hatt-i Hümâyûn, 1577-1804. 372 p.; Vol. 2: Ilmühaber 1, 1667-1871. [xxx], 494 p.; Vol. 3: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 1, 1791-1794. 402 p.; Vol. 4: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 2, 1791-1794.; Vol. 5: Ilmühaber 2, 1710-1841. 398 p.; Vol. 6: Ilmühaber 3, 16016-1898. 404 p.; Vol. 7: Ilmühaber 4, 1856-1928. [xvii], 342 p.; Vol. 8: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 3, 1794-1797. [xix], 407 p.; Vol. 9: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 4, 1798-1802. [xvii], 398 p.; Vol. 10: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 5, 1801-1806. [xviii], 394 p.; Vol. 11: Kirkçesme sulari 1. [xxxvi], 436 p.; Vol. 12: Kirkçesme sulari 2, 1811-1921. [xxxviii], 402 p.; Vol. 13: 19. ve 20. yüzyillarda Istanbul sulari. 301 p.; Vol. 14: Su hukuku ve teskilâti, Gülfettin Çelik. 223 p.; Vol. 15: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 6, 1806-1813. [xxvii], 399 p.; Vol. 16: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 7, 1813-1817. [xxv], 379 p.; Vol. 17: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 8, 1817-1823. [xxiv], 385 p.; Vol. 18: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 9, 123-1826. [xxiv], 342 p.; Vol. 19: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 10, 1817-1829. [xxiv], 319 p.; Vol. 20: Mâi Lezîz defterleri 11, 1829-1838. [xxv], 364 p.; Vol. 21: Halkali sulari 1, 1837-1905. [xxvii], [1], ]301 p.; Vol. 22: Halkali sulari 2, 1843-1913. [xxx], 297 p.; Vol. 23: Avrupa Yakasi sulari 1, 1603-1826. [xxxviii], 326 p.; Vol. 24: Avrupa Yakasi sulari 2, 1577-1842. [xxxvi], 323 p.; Vol. 25: Avrupa Yakasi sulari 3, 1574-1831. [xLv], 3998 p.; Vol. 26: Suyolcu 1, 1717-1925. [xxiv], 309 p.; Vol. 27: Su kesif defteri 1, 1842-1862. [xxvi], 333 p.; Vol. 28: Su kesif defteri 2, 1847-1872. [xxvi], 334 p.; Vol. 29: Su kesif defteri 3, 1862-1876. [xxxii], 374 p.; Vol. 30: Bogaziçi ve Taksim sulari 1, 1836-1908. [xxviii], 339 p.; Vol. 31: Bogaziçi ve Taksim sulari 2, 1813-1928. [xLi], 338 p.; Vol. 32: Su tahrirleri, 1655-1807. [xLix], 278 p.; Vol. 33: Suyolcu 2, 1871-1921. [xxxv], 309 p.; Vol. 34: Suyolcu 3, 1684-1876. 335 p. Everything on water systems, water management, water supplying in Istanbul City based on original Ottoman archival documents and their transcriptions order in modern Turkish as in chronological order after the Conquest of Istanbul (Constantinople), in 1453. Also including The Roman, The Byzantine Era on it. [Istanbul Constantinople Constantinopolis Constantinopla Constantinopolin Konstantinopel Water supplying system Fountain Fountains History of art Turkish and Islamic art Ottoman arts Fine arts Khumayoun Humayoun Ottoman Empire The Ottoman State Constantinus Hadrianus Canalisation Canalization Engineering Arc Wtaer supply Canal Channel Drainage Dam Barrage Dike Aqueduct Pool Pond Receiver Sewer Cesspool Scales Grate Ways Water way Waterway Waterways Masjid Fountain for ablutions Charitable fountain Bath Hammam Hamam Assignment Allocating Distrubition Well Pit Sink Letting flow Conducting line Municipality Mayoralty Townhall Parish Ward Quarter District Harbour Narbor Port Haven Seaport Estuary Arm of the Sea The Golden Horn Lodging Settling Cistern Tank Registering Recording Enrolment Development Prosperity].

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[OSMAN] SAFVET [GEYLANGIL], (1887-1944).MareMagnum

[BEAUTIFUL CHROMOLITHOGRAPHED MAPS / OTTOMAN ATLAS] Yeni resimli ve haritali cografya-yi Osmanî. Mekâtîb-i Ibtidâiyye Devre-i Aliye birinci sinifa mahsus.

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Contemporary red cloth. Roy. 8vo. (24 x 16 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). [1], 229, [1] p., many b/w and color ills., 30 chromo-lithographed maps. Wear and fading on spine, some ex-library stamps on the colophon and several blank pages, ownership ink inscription and signature on the first page-overall a good copy. First edition of this rare Ottoman atlas for the primary schools in the late Ottoman Empire, including beautiful 30 chromo-lithographed maps of the Ottoman land according to administrative regions (provinces) and richly illustrated with b/w plates of the cities and provinces in the Middle East. Map list: 1. World map 2. Complete Imperial Ottoman 3. Arabian Peninsula 4. Anatolia 5. Asia Minor 6. Marmara and Black Sea 7. Aegean (The Archipelago) 8. Demography of Anatolia and Syria, Libya, etc 9. Administrative map of Anatolia 10. Map of mines of Anatolia 11. Agricultural map of the Imperial Ottoman 12. Arabian Peninsula 13. Map of the Edirne Vilayat [Adrianople Province of the Ottoman Empire] 14. Map of the Bosphorus 15. Map of the Hüdavendigâr Vilayat [Brusa Province] 16. Maps of Izmit and Biga Sanjaks 17. Map of Aydin Vilayat and Mentese Sanjak 18. Map of the Konya Vilayat 19. Maps of the Adana Vilayat and the Mediterranean Sea 20. Maps of the Erzurum and Ankara Vilayats 21. MAps of Kastamonu Vilayat and Bolu Sanjak 22. Map of the Trebizond Vilayat 23. Maps of the Van and Bitlis Vilayats 24. Maps of the Sivas and Harput Vilayats 25. Maps of the Bagdad and Basrah Vilayats 26. Map of the Mosul Vilayat and Day al-Zor Sanjak 27. Map of the Aleppo Vilayat and Urfa Sanjak 28. Map of the Syria and Beirut Vilayats 29. Map of the Arabia 30. Maps of the Yemen vilayat and Asir Sanjak. This atlas was printed four times for the different classes of the early Turkish / Ottoman schools, during World War 1 (two times in 1916) and the National Struggle (two times in 1921). Geylangil was born in Istanbul in 1887 and studied in Aleppo and Baghdad. Geylangil, who also studied economic geography, taught geography at many schools, including Galatasaray High School. Until his death, he wrote 14 books on geography, most of which were geographical atlases. In 1941, he was among the founding members of the Turkish Geographical Society. Özege 23216.; TBTK 11481.; We couldn't find any copy of this edition worldwide.

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TAKVÎM-I VEKÂYI [THE FIRST OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER OF THE IMPERIAL OTTOMAN].MareMagnum

["WEIRD ART OF A FRENCH NAMED DAGUERRE": DAGUERRE'S INVENTION IN THE FIRST OTTOMAN OFFICIAL NEWSPAPER] Takvim-i Vekâyi: Def'a 186, fî 19 S[aban] sene 1255 [i.e. Calendar of events: No 186, October 28, 1839].

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original newspaper taken from a volume. Folio. (42,5 x 28 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). [5] p. Extremely rare early issue of this first official newspaper of the Ottoman Empire after the proclamation of Reform (Tanzîmât) in 1839, informed Daguerre's new and weird invention ("photography" as it would be called in the 1850s) to the Ottoman peoples and readers. The article reads: "It is the talk of the town, steam engines have been able to run on rails in factories in recent years. Meanwhile, a man carefully focused on his thoughts so much and the craft turned into a strange art, and finally, a coquettish mirror (surface) appeared. This skillful Frenchman named Daguerre drew the lines of objects by reflecting the sunlight with the methods of the different science of art he learned, drew the contours of the objects, and gave 20 years secretly and openly to the formation of this strange art. Finally, he reached the goal and this event won the appreciation and admiration of everyone. This is to say, the image of the object, in the form of a large or small box free from light, is pictured inside by passing through the glass in front of it. In order for the reflected picture to be captured on a surface, some chemicals must be prepared. Daguerre has achieved this mix based on his experience. This substance applied on the plate is called iodine. After the plate is kept in the vapor of the iodine for a few minutes, it is immediately placed in the dark box, and the image passing through the window of the box is pictured for five minutes. Considering that some of the things that should be hidden are captured like this, it will be understood what a valuable invention this is...". In the continuation of the article, it is written that an Englishman named Talbot (Henry Fox Talbot) found the same thing with almost the same processes (!), but Daguerre had taken pictures before. Takvim-i Vekâyi was the first fully Turkish-language newspaper. It was launched in 1831 by Sultan Mahmud II, taking over from the Moniteur ottoman as the Official Gazette of the Ottoman Empire. With the beginning of the Tanzimat reform period, Takvim-i Vekayi produced versions in multiple language editions. It ceased publication in 1878, resuming in 1891-2, before being closed again. It resumed in 1908 until around 1922. In the 1831-1878 period it published a total of 2119 issues - an average of slightly less than one a week.

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ERHAN ÖNER.MareMagnum

A journey through maps from the Ottoman world to the Republic of Turkey. From Constantinople to Istanbul between the 15th and the 20th centuries. The cartographic collection of Erhan Öner. 4 volumes set. Vol. 1:

New New English Original bdg. Dust wrapper. In publisher's special box. 4to. (1934, [4] p.), color and b/w ills. A journey through maps from the Ottoman world to the Republic of Turkey. From Constantinople to Istanbul between the 15th and the 20th centuries. The cartographic collection of Erhan Öner. 4 volumes set. A project of passion and patience: For four decades Erhan Öner has been painstakingly collecting maps of Turkey, assembling a cartographic collection that is now one of the largest and most comprehensive of the area. His maps range in date from the 15th century, the early days of the Ottoman Empire, through to the 20th century and the early days of the Republic, and encompass historical, military, marine and archaeological maps, and even postcards with maps on them. Examples by the renowned cartographers Abraham Ortelius, Gerardus Mercator, Jodocus Hondius, Homann Heirs, Freres Lotter, Visscher Family, Sanson Family, John Speed and Frederick de Wit are among the highlights. A project of passion and patience, Öner's collection is finally being published in a four-volume catalogue. Displaying as many as 1,500 maps on 2,000 pages, it will be an important reference work for academics, researchers and fellow collectors. At the same time it is a visual feast, with beautiful illustrations, engravings and vignettes. Contents: Vol. 1: HISTORICAL MAPS OF TURKEY. 15th - 16th Centuries, 17th Century, 18th Century, 19th Century, 20th Century. TURKEY IN EUROPE. Vol. 2: REGIONAL MAPS. Black Sea, Thrace, Sea of Marmara Dardanelles, Aegean Archipelago. Mediterranean Sea, Central, Eastern and South East of Turkey,Middle East, Serial. OTTOMAN VILAYETS AND SANCAKS Postcard Maps, Yumni Maps. Other Vilayet Maps PORT PLANS. RAILWAYS. RELIGION RELATED MAPS, THE RETREAT OF THE TEN THOUSAND MAPS. GEOLOGICAL MAPS. POSTCARD MAPS. CLIPPINGS. Vol. 3: MILITARY MAPS. War and Peace Maps and Plans Maps of Erkan-¿ Harbiye. Harita Umum Müdürlügü, Milli Müdâfaa Vekâleti. Harita Genel Müdürlügü, Harita Genel Direktörlügü Maps of War Office & Ordnance Survey Office, Henri & Richard Kiepert Maps. ATLASES. Vol. 4: ISTANBUL NECIP BEY MAPS OF ISTANBUL: Societe Anonyme, Ottomane d'etudes et d'entreprises Urbanies. KESFlYÂT VE ¿NSAAT TÜRK ANON¿M S¿RKETl, TURKISH SURVEY AND CONSTRUCTION COMPANY UNFINISHED MAP OF ¿STANBUL, INSURANCE PLANS OF ISTANBUL. ARCHEOLOGICAL MAPS. OTHER CITIES. INFORMATION ABOUT CARTOGRAPHERS. ENGRAVERS AND BOOK PUBLISHERS.

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W[ILHELM] SALZENBERG, (1803-1887); C. W. KORTUM.MareMagnum

[FINE REPRINT / PRAISE TO THE ST. SOPHIA] Alt-Christliche Baudenkmale von Constantinopel vom V. bis XII. Jahrhundert. 2 books set: Vol. 1: Text. Vol. 2: Plates. [LIMITED AND NUMBERED EDITION: 651/1000].

New German Original bdg. HC. Elephant folio. (67 x 51 cm). -Text book: 30 x 24 cm- In German. 2 volumes set: ([xii], [vii], [Lii], 140 p., 2 plates.; 39 color and b/w plts. (Tafeln)). Limited reprint edition (all copies are numbered) of 1854-1855 Berlin edition of Salzenberg's book exemplifying a growing 19th-century appreciation of Romanesque and 'Byzantine' architecture. For the original edition see Blackmer 1483; Brunet V, 103. "Salzenberg's important work remains the major source of information about the mosaics of St. Sophia". (Blackmer). 1000 copies were printed for individual persons. This copy belonged to 'Ender S. Özer Bagciman. All copies were numbered. (651/1000). The churches Salzenberg describes illustrating the development of a Christian architecture away from the secular long nave basilica or of the classical temple (never intended for congregational use), to a Greek-cross plan with a central dome, allowing greater accessibility to the altar table. Most of the text is devoted to the cathedral of the Holy Wisdom [i.e. Hagia Sophia], built-in Constantinople for Justinian I by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus, who dared to set a large dome over a square with the support of pendentives, achieving, with eastern and western half-domes, an uninterrupted span of over 200 feet. This building provided a model or inspiration to architects of the Middle East and Europe seeking to experiment with central, domed structures. Contents: Titelblatt.; Frontispiz.; Titelblatt.; Inhalt des Textes.; Vorwort.; Einleitung.; Verschiedene Baureste der aelteren Zeit.; Agios Johannes, Klosterkirche des Studios.; Agios Sergios, Kirche des Klosters Hormisdas.; Agia Sophia.; Agia Irene.; Agia Theotokos, Klosterkirche des Lips.; Agios Pantokrator.; Saalbau des Hebdomon.; Cisterne des Philoxenos (Bin-Bir-Direk).; Wasserpfeiler oder Suterasi.; Kirchen aus Klein-Asien.; Anmerkungen.; Anhang: Des Silentiarius Paulus: Beschreibung der Heiligen Sophia und des Ambon.; Vorwort.; I-VI i: Die H. Sophia des Silentarius Paulus.; VII-XIV Der Ambon.; Verzeichniss der Abbildungen.; Blatt I - XXXIX.; Maßstab/Farbkeil.

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MIRLIVA ALI SEREF PASHA, (Author and mapmaker of 'Umûmî Cografya Atlasi' published in 1894 - Active between 1885-1905).MareMagnum

[ONE OF THE EARLIEST "USA" APPEARANCE IN AN OTTOMAN MAP] Cemâhîr-i Müttefikâ-i Amerika. Sâye-i Türkiye cenâb-i cihâniyâni [.] saltanât-i Osmânî veliünniamet-i alemiyân el-gazi Abdülhamid Hân-i Sâni'de meshur Haset sarfindan bittertîb Fransiz Encümen-i Cografya azalarindan mütesekkil komisyona mahsus tanzîm ettirilmis oldugu son def'a atlasi Maarif Umûmiye Nezâret-i Celîlesi ruhsatiyle Erkân-i Umûmiyye Dairesi Besinci Fen Subesi'ne me'mûr piyade mirlivâlarindan saâdetlü Ali Seref Pasa maarifetleriyle tersîm ve tercüme edilib tab' olunmusdur.

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original color map. Folded. Oblong folio. (35 x 52 cm). In Ottoman script. Color lithograph. A very detailed and attractive Ottoman map of America. Scale: 1:12.000.000. Otherwise a very good copy. Slightly chipped extremities. Dated Hegira: 1311 = [Gregorian 1895]. Ali Seref Pasa or Hafiz Ali Esref. He was a soldier, who was schooled in Paris as a cartographer around 1862. Already in Paris he published his first atlas with 22 maps, called 'Yeni atlas'. Upon his return to Istanbul he became a chief cartographer at the Maatbaa-i amire Printing Press in Beyazit, which was the successor of the Muteferrika press from 1727. Among others he translated the large Kiepert map of Anatolia to Ottoman. He died in 1907, leaving his large project of a gigantic map of Anatolia in 100 sheets unfinished. Ali's name is often misunderstood or even listed as two different people: Ali Seref Pasa and Hafiz Ali Esref. Until the surname law adopted on June 21, 1934, Turks did not have surnames. They were born with one first name and were until the adulthood described only as sons or daughters of their parent's names. Later they were given titles such as Effendi (Sir), Bey (Chief) or Hanim (Madam) for higher classes, or they were given names according to their work or class. The names were not inherited by children until 1934, when the surname law was enforced. The map maker Ali received names Seref, the honourable, and Pasa, the dignitary. He was also known as Hafiz, the memorizer of Qur'an and Esref, Proud. So Ali Seref Pasa would have a meaning 'Honourable Dignitary Ali, and Hafiz Ali Esref, Memorizer of Qur'an, Proud Ali. Daruttibaa - Matbaa-I Amire Printing Press: The first press in the Muslim world, called Daruttibaa, was founded in Istanbul by Ibrahim Muteferrika in 1727, with a permission of Sultan Ahmeet III. It was located in Muteferrika's house. The first book was published in 1729 and until 1742 sixteen other works followed. After Muteferrika's death, the press was supressed for printing, as printed books were considered dangerous. In 1796 the press was purchased by the government and moved to Uskudar in Istanbul, and in 1831 finally to Beyazit, where it was renamed to Matbaa-i Amire in 1866. The press was closed in 1901 and was reopened in 1908 under the name 'Âmire' In 1927 the name changed to State Printing House. The press still exists and is known for publishing school and educational books. Extremely rare. Not in OCLC.; Not in TBMM Map Collection.

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[AHMET] MUHITTIN [ERGÜVEN], (1883-1969); MIRLIVA ALI SEREF PASHA, (Author and mapmaker of 'Umûmî Cografya Atlasi' published in 1894 - Active between 1885-1905).MareMagnum

[OTTOMAN MAP of BRITISH ISLES] Ingiltere. Sâye-i Türkiye Hazret Gazi Sultan Abdülhamid Hân-i Sâni'de Maarif Umûmiye Nezâret-i Celîlesi ruhsatiyle Haset tarafindan Fransa Cemiyet-i Cografya âzâlarindan mütesekkil komisyona mahsûs tanzîm edilmis oldugu son atlasinin tercümesi olarak bu def'a Erkân-i Umûmiyye Dairesi Besinci Fen Subesi'ne me'mûr piyade mirlivâlarindan saâdetlü Ali Seref Pasa ve topçu yüzbasilarindan fütûvvetlü Mehmed Nis'et Efendi maarifetleriyle tertib ettirilmistir.

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original color map. Folded. Oblong folio. (35 x 52 cm). In Ottoman script. Color lithograph. It shows Sudan and West Africa, Atlas Ocean shores, Sahra Desert, and other parts of Africa. Scale: 1:15.000.000. A very detailed and attractive map. Slightly fading. Otherwise a very good copy. Dated Hegira: 1310 = [Gregorian 1894]. [EARLY OTTOMAN MAP of SUDAN] Sudan. Sâye-i Türkiye Hazret Gazi Sultan Abdülhamid Hân-i Sâni'de Maarif Umûmiye Nezâret-i Celîlesi ruhsatiyle meshur Haset tarafindan Fransa Cemiyet-i Cografya âzâlarindan mütesekkil komisyona mahsûs tanzîm edilmis oldugu son defaki atlasinin tercümesi olarak bu def'a Erkân-i Umûmiyye Dairesi Besinci Fen Subesi'ne me'mûr piyade mirlivâlarindan saâdetlü Ali Seref Pasa ve rifatlubinbasi fütûvvetlü Muhyiddin Efendi maarifetleriyle tertib ettirilmistir. Ali Seref Pasa or Hafix Ali Esref. He was a soldier, who was schooled in Paris as a cartographer around 1862. Already in Paris he published his first atlas with 22 maps, called 'Yeni atlas'. Upon his return to Istanbul he became a chief cartographer at the Maatbaa-i amire Printing Press in Beyazit, which was the successor of the Muteferrika press from 1727. Among others he translated the large Kiepert map of Anatolia to Ottoman. He died in 1907, leaving his large project of a gigantic map of Anatolia in 100 sheets unfinished. Ali's name is often misunderstood or even listed as two different people: Ali Seref Pasa and Hafiz Ali Esref. Until the surname law adopted on June 21, 1934, Turks did not have surnames. They were born with one first name and were until the adulthood described only as sons or daughters of their parent's names. Later they were given titles such as Effendi (Sir), Bey (Chief) or Hanim (Madam) for higher classes, or they were given names according to their work or class. The names were not inherited by children until 1934, when the surname law was enforced. The map maker Ali received names Seref, the honourable, and Pasa, the dignitary. He was also known as Hafiz, the memorizer of Qur'an and Esref, Proud. So Ali Seref Pasa would have a meaning 'Honourable Dignitary Ali, and Hafiz Ali Esref, Memorizer of Qur'an, Proud Ali. Daruttibaa - Matbaa-I Amire Printing Press: The first press in the Muslim world, called Daruttibaa, was founded in Istanbul by Ibrahim Muteferrika in 1727, with a permission of Sultan Ahmeet III. It was located in Muteferrika's house. The first book was published in 1729 and until 1742 sixteen other works followed. After Muteferrika's death, the press was supressed for printing, as printed books were considered dangerous. In 1796 the press was purchased by the government and moved to Uskudar in Istanbul, and in 1831 finally to Beyazit, where it was renamed to Matbaa-i Amire in 1866. The press was closed in 1901 and was reopened in 1908 under the name 'Âmire' In 1927 the name changed to State Printing House. The press still exists and is known for publishing school and educational books. Extremely rare. Not in OCLC.; Not in TBMM Map Collection.

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TÂCÎZÂDE CAFER ÇELEBI, (1452-1515).MareMagnum

[POETIC DESCRIPTION OF THE SIEGE AND THE FALL OF THE BYZANTINE CONSTANTINOPLE] Mahrûse-i Istanbul fetihnâmesi: Tâcîzâde Tugrâyî Cafer Çelebi münseâtindan. [i.e. The book of the conquest of Constantinople the Almighty City].

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Modern cloth bdg. Small 4to. (26 x 19 cm). In Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 24 p. First edition of this epic and historically important account, describing the siege and fall of the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople by Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II in 1453. This is one of the finest literary examples of sixteenth-century Ottoman prose. "This description of the conquest of Istanbul in 1453 is mentioned only by Ismail Pasha in his "Hediyyetü'l Arifîn". The text, which was published as a supplement to TOEM (parts 20 and 21, Istanbul 1331) is said to be taken from a manuscript owned by Halis Efendi. The introduction to Ca'fer Çelebi's life was also written by Halis Efendi. The work is written in a very elegant style, with ayets, hadith, and beyts in Arabic, Persian, and Turkish scattered throughout the text and may be considered one of the finest examples of sixteenth-century Ottoman prose writing. [.] Ca'fer's work is in some aspects a reliable source for the conquest of Istanbul. The preparation for the siege is given in this work. The council of war which was held before the siege and in particular Mehmed II's speech to the council is very detailed and the chain placed across the entrance to the Golden Horn and its history is very well described in this work as well. During the siege, the Byzantines received help from the outside. Ca'fer is specific about this and states that "four huge vessels full of provisions, soldiers and ammunition came to help of the Byzantines". After the last attack, Constantinople fell into the hands of the Ottoman army. The date given for this is 857 Cem. I. 20 Seshenbe in Ca'fer's work. The plundering and looting which occurred during the first three days of the conquest are vividly described by Ca'fer Çelebi, but the withdrawal of Justinian and his men which preceded the conquest and the death of the Byzantine Emperor during the capture of the city are omitted in this work. Ca'fer's closing lines are devoted to the conversion of St. Sophia (Ayasofya) into a mosque by Mehmed II. Ca'fer Çelebi used eyewitness accounts as well as written works. It is certain that he did not rely exclusively on any source which is not extant, for the departs from Ruhi, Enverî, Tursun Beg, Neshrî, and Asikpasha-zâde either by adding new information or giving a conflicting account." (Erünsal). Özege 11953; TBTK 7066.

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