Ziegler Polar Expedition (1903-1905)Biblio.com
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A9781013400308Hardback. New. hardcover
B9781013400308Hardback. New. hardcover
4882New Haven: Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1934-1936. First edition. Light edge wear to wrappers on the spine many pages un-opened; a tight and clean copy in near fine condition. Pp. iv 483; 8 full page folding plates 1 folding maps 200 text-figures line-drawings. Original printed green wrappers lg 4to 12 x 9.5 inches. Memoirs of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences volume VIII-X. This work presents the entire results of the Yale North India Expedition as published by the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. The five volumes contain 24 articles on the geological history Paleolithic stone tools invertebrate and vertebrate fossils and the extant invertebrate and vertebrate faunas collected by the Yale North India Expedition of the 1930s. There are two articles in volume VIII: Hawkes et al. - Palaeolithic human industries in the Northwest Punjab and Kashmir and their geological significance; and De Terra - Geological Studies in the Northwest Himalaya between Kashmir and the Indus valley. Volume IX contains four articles: Wodehouse - The Pleistocene pollen of Kashmir; Branson - A Labrinthodont from the Lower Gondwana of Kashmir; Weller - Permain Trilobites from the Central Himalayas; and Vokes - Unionidae of the Siwaliks Series. Volume X contains 18 articles on the Diptera: Ephydridae; Triclad Turbellaria; Coleoptera: Staphylinidae; Carabidae; Phyllopod Crustacea; Gammarus; Hydracarina; terrestrial Hemiptera-Heteroptera; Rotatoria; Land Isopod; Hirudinea; Myriapods; Diplura; Thysanura; Collembola; Cladocera; and Fishes: Cobitidae Sisoridae and Cyprinidae. Single circular stamp of Staten Island Institute in the lower outer corner of the front wrapper of each volume; no other ownership marks and very few signs of use. New Haven: Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1934-1936. First edition. unknown
196092662Jerusalem: Magnes Press Hebrew University 1960. Hardcover. Near fine with gently rubbed corners; in a very good jacket with a few small closed edge-tears to rear and now housed in an archival mylar sleeve. Folio in pale orange-yellow illus jacket; xxiv 174 pages ccx plates 12 folded: illustrations maps plans; 35 cm; bibliographical references page xvii. Antiquities. Ausgrabung; Hazor Extinct city Israel -- Hazor Extinct city Hazor; Excavations Archaeology; Israel; Geschichte; 1956; Hazor Extinct city; Bible -- Antiquities. Biblical archaeology. A large heavy book. Extra shipping charges may apply for international & expedited orders.Weighs close to 6 lbs before packing. Please inquire. Magnes Press, Hebrew University hardcover
199522778Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press. Near Fine in Very Good dust jacket. 1995. First Edition. Hardcover. Light wear to DJ small red mark on FFEP.; Book as new. Appendix includes Inuit terms and place names notes bibliography and index.; McGill-Queen's Indigenous and Northern Studies - Volume 10; Large 8vo 9" - 10" tall; 184 pages; "Presenting a new theory about one of the Arctic's unsolved mysteries David Woodman re-evaluates the importance of Inuit oral traditions in his search to reconstruct the events surrounding Sir John Franklin's tragic 1845 expedition. He argues that Inuit stories of white men travelling across the Melville Peninsula may in fact refer to survivors of the Franklin expedition." jacket blurb . 0773513485 . McGill-Queen's University Press hardcover
198222210Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema. Near Fine in Near Fine dust jacket. 1982. First Edition. Hardcover. 906191096X . With maps and charts throughout a near fine copy in near fine dustjacket. ; 235 x 160mm; x 246 pages . A. A. Balkema hardcover
1970BOOKS000180<p>2 Volumes: xxxii368 pages with frontispiece five folding maps and ten plates; ix369-640 pages with frontispiece two folding maps six plates bibliography and index. Octavo 8 3/4" x 5 1/2" issued in blue cloth with gilt lettering to spine and gilt sailing ship to front cover. Translated by Anthony Mango. Second Series volumes 138 and 139. First edition.<br /><br />By the early sixteenth century the loosely knit kingdom of Georgia had disintegrated from the strong monarch of the middle ages to a number of small states and principalities. This internal disunity made the Georgians easy victims of the power politics of the neighboring Ottoman and Safavid empires and by the end of the century the southward drive of the Russians intensified the struggle for military and diplomatic control over the whole of the Caucasian isthmus. As a result of this struggle seventeen embassies were exchanged between the Russian tsars and the Georgian kins ruling in Kakheti during the years 1564-1605. W E D Allen and Anthony Mango who undertook the translation have selected the documents relating to the embassies of 1589-90 and 1604-5. Although the writers seem to be frequently pre-occupied with questions of protocol their observations give a clear picture both of current Russian administrative and diplomatic practice and of the life and customs of the people of the Caucasus and Georgia. The texts are further enlivened by dramas such as the murder of the Kakhian King Alexander II and the secret negotiations for the marriages of the son and daughter of the Tsar Boris Godunov. The documents are of considerable geographical interest as they provide the earliest extant accounts of the crossing of the main chain of the Caucasus from north to south. Allen provides both a detailed background introduction and full commentary and notes on the texts. The second volume also contains some valuable genealogical tables which clarify the complicated relationships between the Caucasian royal and princely families and their connection with the Russian Ottoman and Persian ruling houses.<br /><br />Condition:<br /><br />Some light rubbing to spine ends else better than very good copies in liker jackets.</p> Hakluyt Society hardcover
1799biblio160<p><strong>First French edition of Bartram's</strong><strong> Travels which chronicled his explorations of the southern British colonies in North America from 1773–1777</strong><br /><br />2 volumes. 457 pages with frontispiece engraved portrait by Bovinet Mico Chlucco Grana King of the Seminoles and one folding plate; 436 pages without title with large folding map by J.B. Poirson engraved by Alexandre Blondeau and folding plate. Octavo 8 1/4" x 5 1/4" bound in half leather with six spine compartments with red and black labels in gilt over original marbled boards. Translated by Pierre Vincent Benoist. Sabin 3871; Palau 251346; Howes B223; Field 94 First French edition.<br /><br />William Bartram was an American naturalist. The son of the naturalist John Bartram. As a boy he accompanied his father on many of his travels to the Catskill Mountains the New Jersey Pine Barrens New England and Florida. In 1773 he embarked upon a four-year journey through eight southern colonies. Bartram made many drawings and took notes on the native flora and fauna and the native American Indians. In 1774 he explored the St. Johns River where he had memorable encounters with aggressive alligators and also visited a principal Seminole village at Cuscowilla where his arrival was celebrated with a great feast. He met Ahaya the Cowkeeper chief of the Alachua band of the Seminole tribe. When Bartram explained to the Cowkeeper that he was interested in studying the local plants and animals the chief was amused and began calling him Puc Puggy the flower hunter. Bartram continued his explorations of the Alachua Savannah or what is today Paynes Prairie. William Bartram wrote of his experiences exploring the Southeast in his book Travels through North & South Carolina East & West Florida the Cherokee Country the Extensive Territories of the Muscogulges or Creek Confederacy and the Country of the Chactaws Containing an Account of the Soil and Natural Productions of Those Regions Together with Observations on the Manners of the Indians published in 1791 and which is today simply known as Bartram's Travels. It was considered at the time one of the foremost books on American natural history. Many of Bartram's accounts of historical sites were the earliest records including the Georgia mound site of Ocmulgee. In addition to its contributions to scientific knowledge Travels is noted for its original descriptions of the American countryside. Bartram's writing influenced many of the Romantic writers of the day. William Wordsworth Samuel Taylor Coleridge and François René de Chateaubriand are known to have read the book and its influence can be seen in many of their works. Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis in their book <em>Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley</em> name Bartram as "the first naturalist who penetrated the dense tropical forests of Florida."<br /><br /><strong>Condition:</strong><br /><br />Some rubbing to original boards page 143 of volume one has small burn mark affecting text half title bound upside down in back old water stain to plate of volume two. Fold-out map has repair to first fold internally pages are clean and free of toning and foxing else a very good copy.</p> Chez Carteret et Brosson and Dogour Duran hardcover
H714an Bord der HMS Challenger 1872-1875. 4to. Band 1: 378 S. Band 2: 98 S. Mit zahlreichen Skizzen und Pl‰nen im Text. Halblederb‰nde der Zeit in neuer Lederbox. Sehr gut leserliche Handschrift meist in deutscher Sprache. Original-Tagebuch des deutschen Biologen von der Reise der HMS Challenger. Gestorben auf Tahiti. Die letzten Eintragungen des Biologen stammen vom 2.September 1875 auf Hilo Hawaii. Die Reise f¸hrte weiter Richtung Tahiti unterwegs am 13.September 1875 starb Willemoes-Suhm. Sein Tagebuch ist eine Fundgrube an Reisenotizen und wissenschaftlichen sowohl zoologischen als auch botanischen Eintragungen. Unterteilt ist sein Tagebuch nach den Stationen u.a. Azoren St. Paul Tristan-Inseln Pince Edwards Islands Crozet-Insel Kerguelen Antarktis Australien Neuseeland Tonga Fiji Ovalau Api Neue Hebriden Arafui Ari Ke¥Dulan Ternate Lamboanga Manilla Cebri Humboldt-Bai - Neu-Guinea Yeddo Yokohama Hiogo. Yokohama - Sandwich-Inseln Honolulu Hilo. 1872-1875. Important manuscript by one of the leading naturalists on the voyage. Original scientific travel journal titled "Challenger" Rudolph von Willemoes Suhm "Journal No." "I & II." Scientific Travel Journal of the German Explorer and Zoologists aboard HMS Challenger. Text in German but occasionally in English. 2 Vols. 21 Dec. 1872-6. Sept. 1875. 4to 378; 98 pp. illustrated with sketches and 1 photograph original half calf fitted half morocco case. Autograph journal kept by the German naturalist Rudolf v. Willemoes-Suhm during his 3-year journey with the Challenger. Suhm was mainly concerned with Crustaceans and several new species were named by him. His journal covers the entire voyage until his tragic death from erysipelas on 13th September1875 while the ship was at Tahiti in the Pacific. His travel report remains unpublished and is a leading yet apparently untapped source on the history of the Challenger Expedition as well as research and discovery of the sea. Suhm born on 11. September 1847 in Glu®ckstadt on the Elbe River studied in Bonn Munich and Go®ttingen already at the age of 24 years he was a Professor of Zoology at the University of Munich. in 1872 he was appointed by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson the Scientific Director of the Challenger Expedition as the only German on the staff of the research carried out on behalf of the Royal Society. The posthumous journal covers the entire period from Suhms trip to a few days before his death in which his illness forced him to stop writing. It contains a wealth of information particularly the geographical and zoological research of the "Challenger". Suhm illustrated his records with small designs including many maps and some small Zoological representations. Die britische Challenger-Expedition 1872-1876 war die erste rein wissenschaftliche Forschungsreise. Das Expeditionsschiff HMS Challenger legte bei Ihrer Reise ca. 130.000 km zur¸ck und durchzog damit beinahe das gesamte Weltmeer. Mit dieser Expedition wurde der Grundstein f¸r die Ozeanographie gelegt. Wichtige Forschungsstationen waren die Bahamas die Marion-Inseln im s¸dlichen Eismeer Neuseeland die Auckland-Inseln und Neu-Guinea. Die Ergebnisse wurden in 50 B‰nden verˆffentlicht. unknown
1852019721London: Ingram Cooke. Complete in two volumes. xi 318 pp.; xii 326 pp. Quarter leather and marbled boards. Raised bands attractive spine slips elegant gilt designs in the compartments. Half titles present. All plates and illustrations called for are present. A very small chip on the name plate of both Volume 1 and Volume 2 the first not affecting text the second deleting the small "II" representing Volume II. Covers rubbed edge wear Very Good. A nice set. Six ships with artists scientists and surveyors explored the coasts of North America South America Antarctica and the Pacific Islands. Provenance: Contains the bookplates of J. B. Torry Esq. of Shrub's Hill Sunningdale in Surrey England. . Very Good. Hard Bound. First Edition Thus. 1852. Ingram, Cooke unknown
1993w160121301University of Arizona Press 1993. 477pp. Navy blue cloth hardback with small slight waterstain on lower back spine edge DJ VG with slight waterstain on backside near lower spine edge index appendices bibliography b&w photos A geologist's history of Lunar exploration relates the site selection process where on the Moon the fieldwork should be conducted and what samples should be collected . Hard Cover. Very Good/Very Good. University of Arizona Press Hardcover
13134Adelaide. Near Fine. Printed Wrapper. No date stated reprinted from The Register by W. K. Thomas & Co. Adelaide. Contains four separate articles as the Title suggests 136 pp last 2 blank title page reproduced on front wrapper original grey wrappers staples starting to rust else a fine copy of this scarce little booklet.; 150 x 120mm . unknown
2049Harvey and Darton London 1839. 8vo 300pp black cloth -- Spine gone and replaced with black tape some spotting to front cover Internally very good -- Good only A candidate for the bookbinder #2639 Quantity Available: 1 Category: Exploration; Pictures of this item not already displayed here available upon request Inventory No: 002049. Harvey, and Darton, London, 1839 hardcover
196222763London: John Murray. Very Good in Very Good dust jacket. 1962. First Edition. Hardcover. Boards show light shelf wear DJ shows slightly heavier wear with light chipping price-clipped. Previous owner's name on FFEP.; A bright solid book. Dust jacket in Mylar jacket protector. B&W photos throughout. 2 foldout maps in pristine condition at back of book. Wraparound artwork on DJ.; 8vo 8" - 9" tall; 367 pages; "John Hornby 1880–1927 was an English explorer best known for his expeditions in the Arctic region of northern Canada notably in the "Barren Lands" in the Northwest Territories of Canada." He would refuse to take provisions and live off the land became famous for his daring exploits. "In 1926 Hornby tried to spend a year in a spot by the Thelon River with his 18-year-old cousin Edgar Christian and another young man Harold Adlard. Unfortunately the trio missed the caribou migration southward and therefore lacked sufficient food to survive the winter. Hornby died of starvation along with his companions in 1927. The graves of the three men can be found by the Thelon River near Hornby Point.Hornby recommended in a report following his expedition with Critchell Bullock that the areas near the Thelon and Hanbury Rivers be created as a wildlife sanctuary. The Thelon Game Sanctuary was established in 1927 and renamed Thelon Wildlife Sanctuary in 1956." Wikipedia . John Murray hardcover
1872R3304Québec: The « Gazette » 1872 "By a volunteer upon that Expedition". Transcribed and edited from the "volunteer's" manuscript notes but never before published. Light foxing on last pages. Soft cover. Fine. The « Gazette » paperback
1844E0023xcii616 pages with bibliography. Octavo 8 1/2" x 5 1/2" bound in contemporary half calf with black spine label and gilt lettering. Publications de la Societe d'Etudes pour la colonisation de la Guyane francaise Number 4. The bibliographical catalogue occupies pages 579-616 and contains descriptions of 240 works on Guiana. Sabin 56097. First edition.<br /><br />French Guiana French: Guyane française officially Guyane is an overseas department French: département d'outre-mer or DOM of France located on the northern coast of South America. It has borders with two nations Brazil and Suriname. Like the other DOMs French Guiana is also an overseas region of France one of the 26 regions of France. Its currency is the euro. The prefecture is Cayenne. The addition of the adjective "French" comes from colonial times when three such colonies existed: British Guiana now Guyana Dutch Guiana now Suriname and French Guiana. The three are still often collectively referred to as the Guianas. French Guiana was originally inhabited by a number of indigenous American people. It was settled by the French during the 17th century. After the Treaty of Paris in 1763 Louis XV sent 12000 settlers to French Guiana to colonise the region. One and a half years later only a few hundred survived.2 Its infamous Île du Diable Devil's Island was the site of penal settlements from 1852 until 1951. More than 70000 French convicts were deported to French Guiana between 1852 and 1939.3 In 1809 a Portuguese-British naval squadron took French Guiana for the Portuguese Empire. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1814 the region was handed back to the French though a Portuguese presence remained until 1817. A border dispute with Brazil arose in the late nineteenth century over a vast area of jungle leading to the short-lived pro-French independent state of Counani in the disputed territory and some fighting between settlers before the dispute was resolved largely in favor of Brazil by the arbitration of the Swiss government.<br /><br />Condition:<br /><br />Front inner hinge cracked rubbing to hinges and corners some internal foxing else a very good copy. Imprimerie de Bethune and Plon hardcover
196921979The Egypt Exploration Society 1969. First Edition. Softcover. Very Good Condition/No Dust Jacket. Size: A4 300 x 210mm approx. Single volume only of set or series. Text body is clean and free from previous owner annotation underlining and highlighting. Binding is tight covers and spine fully intact bar chips to top and/or bottom section of spine. No foxing in this copy. Edges slightly foxed. Quantity Available: 1. Shipped Weight: Under 1 kilogram. Category: Archaeology; Egypt; Ancient BC; Exploration. All our pictures shown here are of the actual item not stock photos. Inventory No: 21979. . The Egypt Exploration Society paperback
196821977The Egypt Exploration Society 1968. First Edition. Softcover. Very Good Condition/No Dust Jacket. Size: A4 300 x 210mm approx. Single volume only of set or series. Text body is clean and free from previous owner annotation underlining and highlighting. Binding is tight covers and spine fully intact bar chips to top and/or bottom section of spine. No foxing in this copy. Edges slightly foxed. Quantity Available: 1. Shipped Weight: Under 1 kilogram. Category: Archaeology; Egypt; Ancient BC; Exploration. All our pictures shown here are of the actual item not stock photos. Inventory No: 21977. . The Egypt Exploration Society paperback
197121976The Egypt Exploration Society 1971. First Edition. Softcover. Very Good Condition/No Dust Jacket. Size: A4 300 x 210mm approx. Single volume only of set or series. Text body is clean and free from previous owner annotation underlining and highlighting. Binding is tight covers and spine fully intact bar chips to top and/or bottom section of spine. Slight foxing front/rear pages but body of book mostly clean and unfoxed. Edges very slightly spotted or marked. Quantity Available: 1. Shipped Weight: Under 1 kilogram. Category: Archaeology; Egypt; Ancient BC; Exploration. All our pictures shown here are of the actual item not stock photos. Inventory No: 21976. . The Egypt Exploration Society paperback
196721980The Egypt Exploration Society 1967. First Edition. Softcover. Very Good Condition/No Dust Jacket. Size: A4 300 x 210mm approx. Single volume only of set or series. Text body is clean and free from previous owner annotation underlining and highlighting. Binding is tight covers and spine fully intact bar chips to top and/or bottom section of spine. Slight foxing front/rear pages but body of book mostly clean and unfoxed. Edges slightly foxed. Quantity Available: 1. Shipped Weight: Under 1 kilogram. Category: Archaeology; Egypt; Ancient BC; Exploration. All our pictures shown here are of the actual item not stock photos. Inventory No: 21980. . The Egypt Exploration Society paperback
196621978The Egypt Exploration Society 1966. First Edition. Softcover. Very Good Condition/No Dust Jacket. Size: A4 300 x 210mm approx. Single volume only of set or series. Text body is clean and free from previous owner annotation underlining and highlighting. Binding is tight covers and spine fully intact bar chips to top and/or bottom section of spine. No foxing in this copy. Edges slightly foxed. Quantity Available: 1. Shipped Weight: Under 1 kilogram. Category: Archaeology; Egypt; Ancient BC; Exploration. All our pictures shown here are of the actual item not stock photos. Inventory No: 21978. . The Egypt Exploration Society paperback
1865073425New York: Harper & Brothers 1865. Cloth binding. rubbed. No title label on spine. Front hinge tender but holding nicely; front flyleaf pulled half loose. NO Map in rear. 493pp. illus. First American Edition. Hardcover. Good. 8vo - 8" - 9" Tall. Harper & Brothers Hardcover
191231945Copenhagen Reitzel 1912. Uncut in orig. printed wrappers. Wrappers with soiling. XI426 pp. and 19 plates incl. geological maps textillustrations. <br/><br/><em>First edition of the main and first geological survey of Southern Greenland. At the end Ussing gives a general account of the expedition in Danish. - Meddelelser om Grønland Bd. 38. </em> unknown
1850423<p><strong>Chart and Capt. Charles Wilkes Calling Card Details</strong>:<br />Lot of 15 black and white independently issued engraved charts on heavy paper bearing a printed oval stamp with Navy anchor and "U.S.Ex.Ex." and "Price thirteen cents" on each chart with occasional period manuscript notation on verso<br />engravers: G.W. Boynton J. Knight George G. Smith 2 and unsigned<br />dimensions: 26 1/2" x 19 1/2" approx. sheet size<br />condition: professionally conserved good condition working charts have manuscript notations</p><p>Capt. Charles Wilkes calling card:<br />as found with manuscript ink inscription<br />dimensions: 3 1/2" x 2 1/8"</p><p><strong>Please see </strong><u><strong>Part II</strong></u><strong>. for a list of the fifteen 15 U.S. Ex.Ex. chart titles and individual chart descriptions.</strong></p><p><strong>I. Brief History and Description of the U.S. Exploring Expedition</strong>:</p><p>Like a Homeric odyssey the United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842 its six vessels2/ 346 man crew3/ of scientists artists naval officers and other personnel commanded by then U.S. Navy Lieut. Charles Wilkes 1798-1877 set out on a four year journey that touched six continents covered 87 780 miles and set a circuitous course en route to mapping and exploring the islands of the South Pacific and the Pacific Ocean the earth's largest body of water. The outcome of the squadron's journey was yet unknown. The U.S. Ex.Ex. as it came to be known was America's first exploring expedition funded by Congress.4/ Congress recognized that American commercial interests in the lucrative Pacific trade faced both opportunities and perils in this region due to incomplete knowledge especially the lack of surveys and maps to identify and chart a course to the Pacific Ocean islands their safe harbors coastlines inner terrain resources such as fresh water and hazardous coral reefs. Congress also responded to whaling interests in New England who had for a decade been a powerful advocate for Congress to finance improved charting of this dangerous sailing region. Congressional authorization in 1836 for this exploring expedition also spoke to America's identity as a new world power with the skill hunger for knowledge and ambition to demonstrate that America was on a par with older European nations' scientific explorations. 5/</p><p>On offer is a remarkable lot of fifteen U.S. Ex.Ex. navigation charts of the South Pacific islands America's first surveying and charting of the South Pacific. The charts were published after the expedition returned its mission fulfilled. The charts on offer in this lot sold separately to be distinguished from those bound into the two volume <strong><em>Atlas of Charts</em></strong> 1850 1858 from the same plates being the expedition's signal American contribution to the mapping of the Pacific Ocean and South Seas. These full size engraved charts on heavy paper were and are intended to be used for navigation. These charts are not to be confused with the small illustrations bound into the other U.S. Ex.Ex. <em>Volumes I -XXII</em> or even with those illustrating Wilkes' five-volume <em>Narrative</em> or its bound atlas of five larger folded maps on thin paper.</p><p>This rare to market 15-chart lot consists of 13 unique titles and two duplicate titles that are representative of the historic mapping highlights of the U.S.Ex.Ex.: accurate surveys of the volcanic Fiji Group6/; islands newly identified by Western surveys new surveys of safe harbors harbor profiles island profiles7/; an expansive survey of the heavily traveled Sandwich Islands for the chart <em>Map of the Hawaiian Group or Sandwich Islands</em> <em>1841 </em>representing Hawaii's three active volcanoes and volcanic landscape and the features of the other islands in this chain8/; <em>Island of</em> <em>Upolu Samoan Group 1839</em> the controversial chart that triggered the U.S. Ex.Ex. squadron courts martial; and <em>Tawara</em> the 1841 survey chart still unique by WWII and thus used in WWII by the American Navy and Marines to take strategic Tawara and establish an air base for the WWII Pacific air campaign.9/ Please see a more detailed description of each chart below in <u>Part II. Description of Charts</u>.</p><p>These nautical charts are part of a larger context. The U.S. Ex.Ex. squadron collected and prior to its return sent ahead crates of animal and plant specimens and artifacts. In 1842 the squadron arrived home to New York City with even more <em>flora</em> and <em>fauna</em>. This trove with accompanying notes journals art work and other materials by 1858 became the foundation of the Smithsonian Institution. 10/ The U.S. Exploring Expedition true to its mandate and name returned with discoveries in the natural sciences mammals and birds botany mollusks and shells corals ethnography and philology geology hydrography and physics observations on astronomy geography and meteorology. These scientific discoveries complement the survey and mapping mission at the heart of the 1836 Congressional authorization for the exploring expedition.</p><p>Charles Wilkes prepared the squadron specifically for mapping. He traveled to Europe in 1836 to purchase the finest available surveying instruments for the U.S.Ex.Ex. survey and charting mission. As importantly he purchased European books and atlases of the Pacific including Dumon d'Urville's <em>Voyage</em> and <em>Atlas</em> folio of 69 plates Cook's reports of his three voyages Vancouver's <em>Voyage of Discovery</em> and <em>Atlas</em> with 10 plates. 11/ He also purchased existing hydrographic charts. Wilkes drafted a surveying handbook for his naval crew to follow strictly. The U.S.Ex.Ex. surveyed 280 Pacific islands and both discovered and mapped a new continent. At Wilkes' direction ships twice sailed south to the Antarctic and upon survey and observation determined that the Antarctic's icy body was in fact a continent and not just an ice shelf. 12/ Yet the official reception of Charles Wilkes and the squadron was tarnished by court martial trials 13/ recriminations among officers and mixed signals from the public and Capitol Hill.</p><p>A publishing odyssey of the U.S.Ex.Ex. findings ensued from 1844 to 1872 also commanded and championed by Charles Wilkes.14/ Congress established a Library Committee to which Wilkes reported over this twenty-eight year span as he brought to fruition in manuscript twenty-four illustrated reports of both the U.S.Ex.Ex. scientists and the hydrographic work of the squadron's naval officers. Our subject the set of large navigation charts sold separately15/ along with the large bound folio <em>Atlas of Charts Vol.I. and Vol. II</em> of 106 navigational charts fulfilled Congress' 1836 mandate for a "<em>surveying expedition</em>" of the "<em>Pacific ocean and South seas." </em>to supply navigators whalers and trading ships with reliable nautical charts.</p><p>Wilkes himself is the author of several of these reports beginning with Vols. I.-V his illustrated <em>Narrative</em> accompanied by its <em>Atlas </em>of five folded maps one colored. 16/ The entire published body of work became twenty-one published volumes. Congress had authorized an official edition of 100 copies of each volume although that goal was not met due to lack of funding.17/ As Wilkes' scope of work grew Congress met his repeated requests for additional funding with scepticism if not outright hostility. The outbreak of the U.S. Civil War ultimately caused the Congressional Library Committee to suspend its work and afterwards only two thirds of the intended edition of 100 published and distributed. The numbered volumes appear frequently in the trade. The full scale separately sold 1850 issue of nautical charts are rare to market and scarce in collections.18/</p><p>This massive and complex bibliographic output requires an expert guide. The indispensable bibliographic guide to the U.S. Ex.Ex. reports atlases and nautical charts is by Daniel C. Haskell New York Public Library Bibliographer published by the NYPL in 1942 in recognition of the one hundredth anniversary of the squadron's return. 19/ Haskell is cited here as the definitive source on editions issues and related matters except as otherwise noted. Haskell's extraordinary book collates all of the texts atlases legislation correspondence and third party commentary pertaining to the United States Exploring Expedition. He also lists extant holdings. The Smithsonian Institution amplified Haskell's work in 2004 with an equally extraordinary undertaking to digitize the entire U.S. Ex.Ex. bibliography and provide extensive educational materials about the exploration the specimens the U.S. Ex.Ex. brought back now in its and national collections and the knowledge the expedition fostered. 20/The Smithsonian digital library also includes in chart form a summary of Haskell's bibliography. Yet research questions remain regarding the separately sold nautical charts.21/</p><p><u><strong>The U.S. Ex.Ex. Nautical Charts on Offer</strong></u><strong>:</strong><u><strong> Themes and Highlights</strong></u></p><p>Each of the charts in this set on offer belongs to an island group - a chain or archipelago - formed as a result of distinct volcanic activity. This set of fifteen charts is thus a teaching tool both for America's first mapping of the South Pacific islands and to illustrate the correct hypothesis of the U.S.Ex.Ex. "Scientifics" that the South Pacific islands were not "scattered" as often described but rather each belonged to a distinct island chain with surrounding reefs that were produced by geologic forces and shifting tectonic plates below the ocean that gave rise to volcanoes. The ocean floor beneath the oldest volcanoes experienced subsidence or sinking to create what appears on these rare nautical charts as numerous patterns of amoeba- shaped atolls lagoons and islands ringed by coral reefs. The U.S.Ex.Ex. mapped both these island chains and the relationship among the chains of the South Pacific islands documented in the <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol.I and sold separately.</p><p>Several graphic features distinguish the charts in this lot as individually sold nautical charts: i each nautical chart includes a <u>printed</u> oval stamp containing within its oval frame the U.S. Navy's insignia anchor and the text "US Ex.Ex." and outside the frame the words "Price 13 Cents"; ii the charts are unnumbered as are the charts in <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol. I. 1850 issue and possibly certain of the charts printed prior to <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol. II 1858 issue as the <em>Map of the Hawaiian Group </em>navigation chart on offer is unnumbered yet this title is bound into Vol.II of the <em>Atlas of Charts</em>1858 that Haskell notes is numbered; iii none of these charts show any indication of being bound and in fact have pencil notations that are typical of charts used for navigation. In manuscript the name "<em>BGosnold</em>"22/ appears twice on the backs of charts a Massachusetts family name in the maritime region where these charts were purchased and the name of an 1832 whaler out of New Bedford.</p><p>Every aspect of publishing the U.S. Ex.Ex. reports and charts from inception to publication was overseen by Joseph Drayton one of the two artists on the expedition who Wilkes chose because he was familiar with Drayton's range of professional skills and the excellence of his work. The technical and aesthetic standards set by Drayton and Wilkes for U.S. Ex.Ex. publications - text illustrations and nautical charts - de facto became the standards of excellence for America's subsequent illustrated government reports.23/ Drayton selected the printer engravers paper manufacturers and binders. He drew or reviewed and prepared for engraving many of the manuscript maps 24/ and reviewed the engraved plates. Drayton and other U.S. Ex.Ex. officers reviewed printer's proofs of these charts made manuscript corrections and had the copper plates corrected. Hampered in printing the engraved nautical charts by the poor quality of printing paper Drayton continued to seek good paper that would withstand the numerous steps of wetting inking and press without distorting the surveys. 25/Drayton died in 1856 before completion of the mammoth publishing project. 26/ The U.S. Ex.Ex. reports atlases and charts were received with critical acclaim. Within a decade they were distributed by the French and British hydrographic offices in their chart series with survey attribution to Charles Wilkes. These U.S.Ex.Ex. South Pacific charts are of more than historic interest today.</p><p><u>Conclusion</u>:<br />The nautical charts on offer are art American history and science. Then as now these maps are also baseline studies of human settlement patterns in the Pacific islands of Pacific island ecology and records of how the Pacific islands themselves were altered by natural geological forces. These maps deserve further attention today with reference to current altered environmental conditions such as sea water rise shoreline changes damage to these islands by foreign commercial or military uses as well as other circumstances.</p><p>An overarching theme of the U.S.Ex.Ex. <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol. I and Vol.II to which these charts on offer belong is American innovation artistry and scientific excellence in naval surveying and map making. A second theme is political: America's presence as a new world power in scientific exploration and discovery. A third and final theme is less tangible yet perhaps the most graspable namely the American quest for knowledge and its preservation by public institutions as a legacy to future generations.</p><p><strong>II. <u>Lot of 15 Charts on Offer: Alphabetical by Island Group</u></strong><u><br />Fiji Archipelago: </u> <strong><em><br />Whippy Harbour South Side of Viti Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840.; Suva Harbour South Side of Viti Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840.; Granby Harbour South Side of Viti Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840.; Ndronga Harbor South Side of Viti Levu</em></strong> <strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1840</strong>. one sheet four maps of different views of Viti Levu largest island of the Fiji nation<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />no engraver's name<br />paper toned edge repair<br />maps show anchorage topography villages areas "bare at low water" and boat passage</p><p><strong><em>Island of Yendua Feejee Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840; Nucumurry Harbour West End of Vanua Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840; Wallea Bay</em></strong> <strong><em>North Side of Vanua Levu</em></strong> <strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1840</strong>. one sheet three island maps<br />Eng by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />lower edge damage repaired<br />pencil inscription on rev. "<em>Navigation Islands Feejee."</em><br />volcanic mountainous terrain shown with curved lines observatory location noted harbor bottom soils described reefs outlined</p><p><strong><em>Port Safety Island of Kea East End of Vanua Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840.; Fawn Harbour South Side of Vanua Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840.; Kombelau Harbour South Side of Vanua Levu By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1840.; Baino Harbour South Side of Vanua Levu</em></strong> <strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1940</strong>. one sheet four views<br />Engr. by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ¾ x 19 ½ inches<br />repaired tear in left margin edges reinforced paper toned.<br />mountainous topography drawn with concentric lines coral reefs detailed harbor and lagoon soil bottoms identified and numerous harbor soundings in fathoms</p><p><strong><em>Harbour of Muthuata North Side of Vanua Levu By the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1840.</em></strong><strong><em><br />Tibethe & Vicuna Harbour's on the North Side of Vanua Levu</em></strong> <strong>by the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1840</strong>. one sheet two maps two islands of Vanua Levu<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />detached paper chip reattached.<br />town of Muthuata and villages identified two rivers shown steep terrain drawn with contour lines rocky atolls drawn extensive triangular patterned depth soundings</p><p><u>Hawaiian Group</u><strong><em><br />Map of Hawaiian Group or Sandwich Islands</em></strong> <strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>.<br />Engr by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />Survey of all Sandwich Islands with perimeter and topographic features: Hawaii Maui Kahoolawe Lanai Molokai Oahu Kauai Niihau; three volcanoes on Hawaii-Mauna Kea Mauna Loa Mauna Hualalai other mountains town names labeled no missions or churches.<br />manuscript pencil charting and calculations compass rose on face of map<br />surface abrasion and vertical wrinkles and puckering repaired tear in body of map near Kauai Island repaired tear in lower margin a working map possibly printed on poor paper<br />dimensions: 19 ½ x 27 inches</p><p><u>Kingsmill Group</u>Gilbert Islands<strong><em><br />Taputeouea or Drummond's Island Kingsmill Group</em></strong><strong> By The U.S. Ex.Ex.1841</strong>.<strong><em><br />Peacock's Anchorage at Drummond's Island Kingsmill Group </em></strong><strong>By The U.S. Ex. Ex. 1841</strong>. one sheet two island maps seaman John Anderson disappeared and was presumed killed by villagers on Drummond's island when a small crew went ashore. The crew returned to the <em>Peacock</em> to report and a Naval crew of 87 returned with force and burned the village.<br />Engraved by G.W.Boynton Boston<br />26 ½ x 19 1/2 inches<br />paper toned<br />town of Utiroa labeled location where Flying Fish struck marked with "x"<em><br />Peacock's</em> Anchorage "very foul rocky bottom" and a village noted</p><p><strong><em>Hudsons Island By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841 Maraki or Matthews Island Kingsmill Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841; Maiana or Hall's Island Kingsmill Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841 Apamama or Hopper's Island Kingsmill Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841 Kuria and Nanuki Islands Kingsmill Group</em></strong> <strong><em>By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841</em></strong>. one sheet five maps six islands<br />Eng. by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />harbor profile Hudson's I. Maraki I. Apamama I. Maiana harbor profile Kuria with boat landing noted and Nanouki or Henderville Is. Knoll on small island</p><p><strong><em>Hudsons Island </em></strong><strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>.<strong><em>; Maraki or Mathews Island Kingsmill Group </em>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>.<strong><em>; Maiana or Halls Island Kingsmill Group </em>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>.<strong><em>; Apamama or Hopper's Island Kingsmill Group </em>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841<em>; Kuria and Nanouki Islands Kingsmill Group</em></strong> <strong>by the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>.one sheet five maps six islands<br />Eng. by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />harbor profile Hudson's I. Maraki I. Apamama I. Maiana harbor profile Kuria with boat landing noted and Nanouki or Henderville Is. Knoll on small island<br />manuscript ink signature:<strong><em> "B. Gosnold" </em></strong>on reverse<br />small loss lower right corner and on bottom edge</p><p><strong><em>Api</em></strong><strong><em>á</em></strong><strong><em> or Charlotte Island Kingsmill Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841; Tarawa or Knox Island Kingsmill Group</em></strong> <strong>By the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong> one sheet two islands each with its own map<br />Eng. by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 inches<br />Island profile Knox I. and printed note where the <em>Peacock</em> touched. <em>Flying Fish</em> anchorage<br />Apiá chart shows passage through the reef to Lagoon site where <em>Flying Fish</em> struck on low ebb. Note "coral bottom from 2 to 10 fathoms."</p><p><u>Paumotu Group</u><strong><em><br />Metia Island Paumotu Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841; Taweree or St. Simeon or Resolution Island Paumotu Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1841; Takurea or Wolconsky Island Paumotu Group and Seagull Islands Paumotu Group</em></strong> <strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>. one sheet 4 island maps <br />Engraved by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />Metia island profile village shown island profile at 6 miles other islands not settled ink notation on back<br />repaired tear to right margin. Reinforced top edge.</p><p><strong><em>Metia Island Paumotu Group </em></strong><strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong><strong><em>; Taweree or St. Simeon or Resolution Island Paumotu Group </em></strong><strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong><strong><em>; Takurea or Wolconsky Island Paumotu Group </em></strong><strong>By The U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong><strong><em> and Seagull Islands Paumotu Group</em></strong> <strong>by the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1841</strong>. one sheet4 island maps<br />Engraved by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches<br />Metia island profile village shown island profile at 6 miles other islands not settled<br />paper toned</p><p><strong><em>Kawahe or Vincennes Island Paumotu Group By The U.S.Ex.Ex. 1839; Raraka Island Paumotu Group</em></strong> <strong>by the U.S. Ex. Ex.1839</strong><br />Eng by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />20 x 27 inches<br />bottom edge repair<br />entrance to Lagoon on Kawahe island profile Raraka Island 5 miles distant. Village noted. Entrance to Lagoon on Raraka.<br />ink notation on reverse</p><p><u>Samoan Group</u><strong><em><br />Island of Upolu Samoan Group</em></strong> <strong>by the U.S. Ex. Ex. 1839.</strong><br />Engraved by J. Knight Philadelphia<br />27 x 19 ¼ inches<br />Mapping of mountains and volcanoes. Bird's eye-like view of palm groves mountains and terrain. Island profile with detailed labeling of features and town viewed at 10 miles. "Good Boat harbour" noted. Entire perimeter of island labeled with "boat openings"<u>.</u></p><p><u>Tuamotu Archipelago</u><strong><em><br />King Georges Group</em></strong> <strong>By the U.S. Ex. Ex. 1839</strong> and<br /><strong><em>Aratica or Carlshoff Island</em></strong> <strong>by the U.S. Ex.Ex. 1839</strong> <br />Engraved by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½ x 19 ½ inches one sheet 2 maps two islands<br />harbor profile at 4 miles of Aratica Island location labeled "fresh water" entrance "deep water" on Tiokea I.</p><p><strong><em>Ahii and Manhii or Peacock and Wilsons Islands</em></strong> <strong>By The U.S. Ex. Ex. 1839</strong><br />Engraved by Sherman & Smith N.Y.<br />26 ½" x 19 ½" one sheet two maps<br />harbor profile of each island 3 miles distant. entrance for small vessels labeled on Ahii entrance for vessels labeled on Manhii.<br />paper curls on map surface flattened and reattached to underlayer lighter than background after conservation</p><p><u>Notes</u>:<br />1. The Act of Congress limited the edition size of each volume in the U.S.Ex.Ex. reports to 100. Fewer than 100 copies of some volumes were printed. For the official issue of <em>Hydrography</em> <em>Atlas of Charts</em> <em>Vol.I</em>. Haskell states that for the 1850 issue of Vol.I 100 copies were printed consisting of 55 unnumbered charts of which 30 copies were destroyed by fire.<strong><em> Haskell notes that in this issue charts were also sold individually. </em></strong>An 1858 issue of Vol. I was printed in thirty copies to replace the burned copies. These charts were numbered and the Vol. I table of contents reset. For Vol.II Haskell states that 100 copies were printed and all charts were numbered. A table of contents lists the chart titles in each issue of each volume.<br />2. The squadron consisted of the <em>Vincennes</em> <em>Peacock</em> <em>Porpoise</em> storeship <em>Relief</em> <em>Sea</em> <em>Gull</em> and <em>Flying Fish</em>. The <em>Sea Gull</em> was lost at sea in 1839 near the Cape of Good Hope and all crew members died. In 1839 the slow <em>Relief</em> was sent home.<br />3. The crews of the six vessels were recorded by Midshipman William Reynolds cited in Stanton p.279-280. His accounts included the initial crew of 346 diminished renewed with accounts for those discharged those who deserted or died with a cumulative record of 524 men who had participated and recorded that 181 original crew returned to New York. Depending on the source authors thus quote the crew size variously.<br />4. Act of Congress dated May 14 1836 appropriating $150000 to send out a surveying and exploring expedition to the "<em>Pacific ocean and South seas."</em> including "<em>other means in the control of the Navy Department not exceeding $150000.".</em> The full scope of the expedition included the South Pacific the American Northwest Oregon and the mouth of the Columbia River San Francisco areas in South America Antarctica Australia New Zealand Singapore and other islands near China.<br />5. The August 26 1842 Act provided authority and funding for publishing the reports of the expedition's discoveries under the Joint Committee on the Library. The Act specified that the U.S. Ex.Ex. reports would be illustrated and modeled on the French government's 1829 publication of the <em>Astrolabe</em> expedition to the Pacific.Congress published a notice in the <em>National Intelligencer</em> March 23 1844 requesting proposals and selected C.onger Sherman of Philadelphia the low bidder as printer.<br />6. The U.S.Ex.Ex. Fiji charts were a source of pride and scientific accomplishment.<em> Magnificent Voyagers</em> p. 178 notes that Wilkes exhibited them - possibly in manuscript.<br />7. Stanton states at p. 245 that at the conclusion of surveying Tawara and the other small Pacific islands the U.S.Ex.Ex. surveys had corrected the positions of ten islands on existing charts and had completed their work "<em>with sufficient accuracy to answer all the purposes of Navigation</em>."<br />8. See below <em>Ulukau. Hawaiian Electronic Library</em>.<br />9. Tawara was the site of a WWII battle with thousands of casualties. The island was deemed strategic by the U.S. Command for establishing the first air base in the Gilbert chain to support American forces in the Pacific campaign against Japan. The next Gilbert island airfield was on Apamama another U.S.Ex.Ex. chart on offer.<br />10. For a staggering description of the whole see the Smithsonian Libraries digital Collection article <em>From the Ends of the Earth The United States Exploring Expedition Collections</em>. www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Walsh-01.htm.<br />11. <em>Magnificent Voyagers</em> p. 167.<br />12. Wilkes' report of the 1839-1840 discovery of a new continent Antarctica was not universally accepted when announced notwithstanding that the discovery was documented with surveys reports and a nautical chart.<br />13. The court martial arose over allegations that one survey of Upolu Island in the Samoan Island group was erroneous. The island was surveyed twice early and late in the expedition by two different U.S.Ex.Ex. naval officers with an 8 mile discrepancy between their two surveys. The <em>Island of Upolu</em> chart is on offer.<br />14. Congressional funding acts expressly pertaining to printing charts texts and plates ensued in 1843 1844 1845 1847 1848 1850 twice 1854 1856 1859 1861 1862 1866 1872 twice. The June 1844 act states: "<em>For the publication under the direction of the Secr. of the Navy and of the Secretary of the Treasury of such maps of the ex.ex as in their judgment will be serviceable to the navy and the commerce of the country. $2000." </em>The March 3 1845 act includes the language<em> "For completing the publication of the work on the Ex.Ex. including the printing of an extra number of charts." </em>The language of the Congressional Acts on several occasions also specifically provides funding to replace charts lost in fires either at the publisher bindery or in government hands.<br />15. The separately sold charts on heavy paper to be used for navigation bearing a printed price stamp are from the plates used for the <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol. I. 1850 and Vol. II 1858 to accompany <em>Vol. XXIII Hydrography</em> 1861 by Charles Wilkes distributed separately in 1873.</p><p>Haskell cites correspondence dated 1844 from Wilkes to the Library Committee and Tappan that the <em>Atlas of Charts</em> was ready for inspection. However the <em>Atlas of Charts</em> was not printed until 1850. The separately sold charts sale dates are treated variously in the literature reviewed. Haskell seems to date first sale to 1850. Viola cites a 1845 report by Wilkes that the copper plates for large charts were 1/3 finished and elsewhere states certain charts were published as early as that year.<br />16. Wilkes' five volume <em>Narrative </em> 1844 official edition was accompanied by an atlas that contained five folded charts measuring 13.4 x 9.65 inches 34 x 24.5 cm: U.S. Ex.Ex. <em>track Chart of the World</em> <em>Chart of the Antarctic Continent</em> <em>Chart of the Viti Group or Feejee Islands</em> <em>Map of the Oregon Territory </em>and <em>Map of part of the island of Hawaii Sandwich Islands</em> <em>shewing craters and eruption of May and June 1840</em>. These charts are on thin paper and bound in. The <em>Narrative</em> was published in an official issue distributed in 1845 and other unofficial issues. These folded bound atlas maps on thin paper are not to be confused with the separately sold large navigation charts on heavy paper from the plates of the <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol.I 1850and Vol.II.1858 to accompany Vol.XXIII <em>Hydrography 1861.</em><br />17. Congress specified in 1845 that 100 copies of each volume produced for the U.S.Ex.Ex. be distributed according to an official distribution list - to each American state and territory and to foreign governments. France Great Britain and Russia each were to receive two sets. Other countries were also named. The Naval Lyceum and the three commanders of the principal ships Wilkes Hudson and Ringgold each were allocated one set. Unallocated sets were reserved for future distribution.</p><p>In 1845 when the extent of the U.S.Ex.Ex. materials was not yet known Wilkes and others estimated a set of fifteen volumes. To account for the growth in the number of volumes as the scope of the U.S.Ex.Ex. collections became apparent and to replace plates pages and books lost to fire Congressional appropriations were sought and with great effort obtained almost annually until 1872. Ultimately twenty-four manuscript volumes were put forward by Wilkes not all of which were funded and only two-thirds of that set printed sometimes in fewer than 100 copies. The volumes were not published sequentially.<br />18. Few separately sold charts come to market. A complete set of such separately issued charts has not been located during this stage of research. See the New Bedford Whaling Museum collection. Harvard University. Rumsey. More typical are assembled or original whole editions of the bound <em>Atlas of Charts</em> Vol.I and Vol.II.<br />19. Daniel C. Haskell <strong>The United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842 and Its Publications</strong> <strong>A Bibliography</strong> New York Public Library New York 1842.</p><p>Haskell's <em>Bibliography</em> documents what was published distinguishing the date of actual publication from the publication date in the text and the official and unofficial issues or editions printed and number of volumes printed. How many charts were sold separately is not stated.</p><p>Haskell identifies the separately published unnumbered nautical charts as associated exclusively with the 1850 issue of <em>Atlas</em> <em>VOL.I.</em> to accompany <em>VOL. XXIII</em> <em>Hydrography</em>. In fact one chart on offer the <em>Map of the</em> <em>Hawaiian Group or Sandwich Islands</em> is unnumbered yet identified in the index of the 1858 <em>Atlas Vol.II</em> that Haskell describes as only containing numbered charts. This small but intriguing fact illustrates that the separately sold charts are hard to classify as to publication date if only with reference to the 1850 and 1858 <em>Hydrography</em> atlases. Haskell dates the printing of the <em>Atlas</em> of large folio charts on correspondence of Drayton to Wilkes in 1850 stating ".<em>Vol.I Atlas is now printed</em>."<br />20. Smithsonian Libraries <strong>The United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842</strong> digital edition https://www.sil.si.edu/Digital Collections/usexex/learn/Overstreet-0.<br />21. Ehrenberg in <em>Magnificent Voyagers</em> at p. 174 states that navigational charts were printed between 1843 and 1856. When all plates for the U.S.ExEx large scale charts were finished or whether plates were used for printing as they became available or were only used in 1850 and 1858 and whether such plates were revised in the course of their being used is documented variously but not consistently.<br />22. "<em>Gosnold</em>" is a historic Massachusetts family name from the 17th century. <em>Bartholomew Gosnold</em> is the name of a bark built in Falmouth Massachusetts in 1832 and sailed from New Bedford Massachusetts from 1847-1851 and again later. see ShipIndex.org for further details.<br />23. The finely drawn illustrations for the U.S.Ex.Ex. reports by artists Drayton and Agate marry art and accuracy. Their artwork predates photography as the scientific mode of presenting natural science culture and other disciplines of the U.S.Ex.Ex. That Drayton also had control over the production of the art prints was essential to the fineness of the art prints. Wilkes also insisted that the engravers be of the highest level of skill. The books of art prints are also termed "atlases" of the reports.<br />24.The nautical charts were drawn by James Alden William May Frederick D. Stuart Robt. E. Johnson and the artist Joseph Drayton. <em>Magnificent Voyagers</em> p. 167. Wilkes ruled that no surveyor draftman or artist was permitted to put his name on any of the mapping work. Final drawings were prepared by Stuart and Drayton prior to shipping the manuscript maps to the engraver to create the copper plates. These plates were used to pull proofs that were then corrected by Wilkes and Stuart with Drayton making small corrections on the plates and larger corrections made by the plate engraver. In 1866 the charts' copper plates were transferred to the U.S. Navy Hydrography Office and updated as new surveys were performed. Stanton p.365.<br />25. Drayton ultimately sourced quality paper from Milton Massachusetts paper mills located either at Milton Upper or Lower Falls the site of the first paper mill in New England. See Library of Congress and <em>Magnificent Voyagers</em> p.173.<br />26. Drayton's legacy is a body of art and scientific literature about the world that were hitherto unknown and beyond the capacity of a single institution to manage. Drayton's art work guides generations in the ongoing appreciation of the U.S.Ex.Ex.</p><p><strong><u>References</u></strong>:<u><br />Primary</u>:<br />Daniel C. Haskell <strong>The United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842 and Its Publications</strong> <strong>A Bibliography</strong><br />New York Public Library New York 1842.<br />Smithsonian Digital Library:<em><br />From the Ends of the Earth The United States Exploring Expedition Collections</em>. www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Walsh-01.htm.<br />Smithsonian Libraries <strong>The United States Exploring Expedition 1838-1842</strong> digital edition https://www.sil.si.edu/Digital Collections/usexex/learn/Overstreet-0.<br />https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Overstreet-02.pdf<br />Smithsonian Collections video of specimens collected see https://www.c-span.org/video/300321-1/us-exploring-expedition-1838-42-part-2<br />Stanton William <strong>The Great United States Exploring Expedition of 1838-1842</strong><br />University of California Press Berkeley and London 1975<strong><br />Ulukau</strong> the Hawaiian Electronic Library Early Mapping of Hawaii please see:<br />http://www.ulukau.org/elib/cgi-bin/librarye=d-0map01-000Sec--11haw-50-20-frameset-book--1-010escapewin&a=d&d=D0&toc=0<br />Viola Herman J. and Margolis Carolyn Editors<strong> Magnificent Voyagers The U.S. Exploring Expedition 1838-1842</strong> Smithsonian Institution Press Washington D.C. 1985</p><p><u>Other References</u>:<br />D.Graham Burnett "<em>Chapter 5 Hydrographic Discipline Among the Navigators Charting an Empire of Commerce and Science in the Nineteenth Century Pacific</em>" from James R. Akerman Editor <strong>Cartography and the Mastery of Empire The Imperial Map</strong> The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London 2009<br />Fiji Islands and U.S.Ex.Ex. first contact please see<br />https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/15538/1/OP31-12-49.pdf</p> By Authority of the U.S. Congress
1331951879.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback
