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Born Max; Heisenberg Werner; Jordan PasqualABAA

Uber quantentheorestische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen; Zur Quantenmechanik; Zur Quantenmechanik II in Zeitschrift fÃ¼r Physik. Vols. 33 34 & 35

BORN MAX; HEISENBERG WERNER; JORDAN PASCUALABAA

Zur Quantenmechanik II On Quantum Mechanics II

19261276Berlin: Julius Springer 1926. 1st Edition. Soft cover. Very Good. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS of the famous "three-man paper" the first complete self-consistent description of quantum mechanics. "In 1925 after an extended visit to Bohr's Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen Heisenberg tackled the problem of spectrum intensities of the electron taken as an anharmonic oscillator a one-dimensional vibrating system. His position that the theory should be based only on observable quantities was central to his paper of July 1925 "Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen" "Quantum-Theoretical Reinterpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations". Heisenberg's formalism rested upon noncommutative multiplication; Born together with his new assistant Pascual Jordan realized that this could be expressed using matrix algebra which they used in a paper submitted for publication in September as "Zur Quantenmechanik" "On Quantum Mechanics". By November Born Heisenberg and Jordan had completed "Zur Quantenmechanik II" "On Quantum Mechanics II" colloquially known as the "three-man paper" which is regarded as the foundational document of a new quantum mechanics" Britannica's Guide to the Nobel Prizes. Particle Physics: One Hundred Years of Discoveries: "Development of matrix formalism for the Heisenberg quantum mechanics. Systems with arbitrary many degrees of freedom." Provenance: With ownership signature on front wrapper of E.F. Barker noted American physicist who worked primarily at the University of Michigan. IN: Zeitschrift für Physik Band 35 February 1926 pp. 557-615. Berlin: Julius Springer 1926. Octavo original wrappers; custom box. A few creases to wrappers chips to spine. RARE in original wrappers. Julius Springer paperback books

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Eccles William Henry and Frank Wilfred JordanABAA

Patent specification 148582 . . . improvements in ionic relays

192042964Redhill: H. M. Stationery Office 1920. Patent for the Flip-Flop Circuit the Basis for Electronic Memory Eccles William Henry 1875-1966 and Frank Wilfred Jordan 1882- . Patent specification 148582 . . . improvements in ionic relays. Redhill: Printed for His Majesty's Stationery Office by Love & Malcomson Ltd. 1920. 5pp. Folding plate. Errata slip tipped to first leaf. 267 x 195 mm. Unbound. Light wear along gutter margin and fore-edge but very good. Stamps of the Belgian Bureau voor den Industrieelen Eigendom Bibliotheek. First Edition. On June 21 1918 British physicists William Henry Eccles and Frank Wilfred Jordan professors of engineering at London's City and Guilds Technical College filed a patent for "Improvements in Ionic Relays"â€”the first flip-flop circuit. The device originally called the Eccles-Jordan trigger circuit consisted of two active elements vacuum tubes. The schematic drawing illustrating Eccles and Jordan's patent shows two flip-flops "one drawn as a cascade of amplifiers with a positive feedback path and the other as a symmetric cross-coupled pair" Wikipedia. The patent specification no. 148582 was first published in 1920. Early flip-flops were known variously as trigger circuits or multivibrators. A flip-flop circuit has two stable states and as Claude Shannon pointed out in his Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948 can be used to store one bit of information. Flip-flop circuits operate using Boolean algebra AND OR NOT. Prior to the invention of electronic computing Eccles and Jordan viewed their invention as a "method of relaying or magnifying in electrical circuits for use in telegraphy and telephony." However with the invention of electronic computing that used vacuum tubes as switches flip-flops became the basic storage element in sequential logic used in digital circuitry and the basis for electronic memory. In September 1919 Eccles and Jordan described the flip-flop in a brief one-page paper "A trigger relay utilizing three-electrode thermionic vacuum tubes" The Electrician 83 September 19 1919 p. 298. However the patent filed the previous year and consisting of 5 pages plus illustration remains the first description of this invention. Very rare. . H. M. Stationery Office unknown books

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JORDAN PASCUAL; KLEIN OSKARABAA

Zum Mehrkörperproblem der Quantentheorie

19272348Berlin: Julius Springer 1927. First edition. Original wrappers. Fine. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS of Jordan and Klein's introduction of the "second quantization"; one of the founding papers of quantum field theory. FROM THE LIBRARY OF NIELS BOHR with his stamp on the front wrapper. In Jordan's "paper with Klein written while the two of them were in Copenhagen in the spring of 1927 a generalization of Dirac's treatment of bosons was given to allow for the interaction of the bosons with one another. Their point of departure was a Schrödinger equation for the field operator containing a nonlinear term to account for the interaction of the field itself. "The equivalence of this description with that using symmetric wave functions in configuration space was established. The 'particles' that emerged from the imposition of the quantum condition commutation rules on the field variables thus obeyed Bose statistics. Heisenberg found the results of Jordan and Klein very attractive. In his interview with Kuhn and Heilbron in 1963 he recalled: 'I liked it very much because now I could see "All right. There is an entirely different picture to start with the wave picture and if I quantize that picture--that is if I make this picture open to the same restriction as the particle picture--then the two pictures become equivalent." That is exactly what I wanted' Heisenberg 1963 session 8 p. 21. "Bohr at the Solvay meeting of 1927 saw Jordan and Klein's work as supporting his views of complementarity. Pauli at that same congress welcomed the formulation since it allowed to formulate the quantum theoretic description of an assembly of bosons entirely in 3-dimensional space. "In a letter to Kronig in November 1927 Pauli described the work of Jordan and Klein as 'wirklich schön' really beautiful. In fact the Jordan and Klein paper converted Pauli to the Jordan viewpoint about the quantization of matter fields. The article by Jordan and Klein made clear to both Heisenberg and Pauli who were then collaborating on a general theory of relativistic quantized fields how to proceed in describing the interaction between the electromagnetic field and charges. Pauli who up to that time had been reluctant to accept Jordan's views on quantization of matter fields embraced Jordan's viewpoint. After the publication of the Jordan-Klein article Pauli and Heisenberg agreed that the quantization of matter fields was the correct approach. In December 1927 Heisenberg could write Bohr that the important work of Jordan and Klein had been the stimulus of his thinking long and hard on the formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics and that he and Pauli were making good progress" Schweber QED and the Men Who Made It: Dyson Feynman Schwinger and Tomonaga pp.35-37. Also included is Jordan's paper: Über Wellen und Korpuskeln in der Quanenmechanik pp. 766-775. Provenance: From the library of Niels Bohr with his stamp on the front wrapper. IN: Zeitschrift Für Physik Band 45 18 November 1927 pp. 751-765. Berlin: Julius Springer 1927. Octavo original wrappers; custom box. A touch of edgewear. A FINE COPY rare in original wrappers. Julius Springer unknown books

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Jordan Pascual; John von Neumann and Eugene WignerABAA

On an algebraic generalization of the quantum mechanical formalism. Offprint

1934432721934. Jordan Pascual 1902-80; John von Neumann 1903-57; and Eugene Wigner 1902-95. On an algebraic generalization of the quantum mechanical formalism. Offprint from Annals of Mathematics second series 35 1934. 29-64pp. 254 x 176 mm. Original printed wrappers margins a bit dust-soiled. Very good. Presentation Copy Inscribed by Jordan to physicist Gregor Wentzel 1898-1978 on the front wrapper: "Herrn Wentzel mit hertzlichen GrÃ¼ssen! P. J." First Edition Offprint Issue of Jordan von Neumann and Wigner's classic paper on one of the mathematical foundations of quantum mechanics introducing what are now known as the formally real Jordan algebras. "When the real numbers the complex numbers and the quaternions were sent down from platonic heaven to tell the world about the algebraic structure of quantum mechanics they took on human avatars and wrote this paper" Baez. In an earlier paper Jordan had introduced the "Jordan algebras" a special type of non-associative algebra to formalize the notion of an algebra of observables in quantum mechanics. "In 1932 Pascual Jordan tried to isolate some axioms that an "algebra of observables" should satisfy. The unadorned phrase "algebra" usually signals an associative algebra i.e. one in which a b c = a b c but this not the kind of algebra Jordan was led to. In both classical and quantum mechanics observables are closed under addition and multiplication by real scalars. In classical mechanics we can also multiply observables but in quantum mechanics this becomes problematic. . . . "However in quantum mechanics one can still raise an observable to a power and obtain another observable. From squaring and taking real linear combinations one can construct a commutative product . . . This led Jordan to define what is now called a formally real Jordan algebra . . . In 1934 Jordan published a paper with von Neumann and Wigner classifying finite-dimensional formally real Jordan algebras" Baez; emphasis ours. The formally real Jordan algebras correspond to various spin factors which in turn "have an intriguing relation to special relativity" Baez; see Baez for a more detailed account of Jordan von Neumann and Wigner's paper. Jordan algebras also play important roles in other branches of mathematics: Lie groups and algebras differential geometry projective geometry probability and statistics. Jordan presented this copy of his paper to theoretical physicist Gregor Wentzel who also made contributions to quantum mechanics: He is best known for the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation for finding approximate solutions to linear partial differential equations with spatially varying coefficients. Baez John "State-Observable Duality Part 2." The N-category Cafe: A Group Blog on Math Physics and Philosophy. N.p. 27 Nov. 2010. Web. Accessed 12 Sept. 2014. . unknown books

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Howe Julia Ward and Jules JordanABAA

Battle Hymn of the Republic Words by Julia Ward Howe Music by Jules Jordan TOGETHER WITH: Hazard Caroline and Jules Jordan. Great Western Land A National Hymn Words by Caroline Hazard Music by Jules Jordan. Providence R.I.: E. G. Billings 1894

18989736Providence R.I.: E. G. Billings 1898. Sheet music for Howe's poem set to music especially composed for it by Jules Jordan and Sheet music for Hazard's poem set to music especially composed for it by Jules Jordan. Inscribed by the composer in pencil on the front cover of BATTLE HYMN OF THE REPUBLIC "Miss Caroline Hazard / from Jules Jordan" Both self wrappers printed in black; page size: 10-3/4 inches x 6-7/8 inches; the Howe is 8pp; the Hazard 4pp; each very good with only a bit of dustiness and age toning. Extremely rare with Brown University holding the only copies cited in RLIN / OCLC of both pieces of sheet music and the Providence Cooperative Library holding only the Stowe "Uncle Tom's Cabin" song. Jules Jordan 1850-1927 the composer of the two songs offered here was a well-known singer composer and music director and teacher. He debuted the title role in Berlioz' "Damnation of Faust" in the U.S. served as conductor for over forty years of the Arion Club the most important musical society of its time in Providence R.I. He composed one opera that was performed more than once in the 19th century "Rip Van Winkle" to very good notices. He composed a number of one-act pieces usually on American themes and a number were performed by the Boston Festival Orchestra. Jordan met Caroline Hazard 1856-1945 the fifth president of Wellesley College early on in his singing career ca. 1875 when he sang at the Grace Church in Providence. Mrs. Rowland Hazard mother of Caroline introduced her son and daughter Caroline and arranged for both to study singing with Jordan. A few years later Caroline and her brother organized the Narragansett Choral Society hoping Jordan would be the director. He was too busy at that time but several years later was successfully prevailed upon by Miss Hazard. Their friendship and association lasted many years. Hazard was also a member of the Arion Society for the years Jordan was director. Both Caroline Hazard and Jules Jordan were poets but Jordan's role was usually that of composer and orchestrator in his collaborations. Caroline Hazard published her first book NARRAGANSETT BALLADS in 1894. She was appointed President of Wellesley College in 1899. Both these songs are of a patriotic nature and it should be noted that a 1903 concert of patriotic songs by Jordan was held on July 3 1903 in Sayles Hall at Brown University and that "Western Land" was performed program for concert at Brown University. While the music is not what is associated with the "Battle Hymn" it is suited to the verse and has a pleasant tune. Jules Jordan notes in his memoirs an abundance of friends so the appearance of inscribed copies of his composed songs should be more plentiful than they are. A piece inscribed to one of his collaborators who was a friend and student and an important person in the history of education is most desirable. Jordan Jules. THE HAPPENINGS OF A MUSICAL LIFE 1922. NAW II pp. 169-170. E. G. Billings unknown books

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Jordan T. M.ABAA

Autograph Letter Ulupalakua East Maui Sandwich Islands October 15 1857 to a Mr. Quitman

30887quarto 4 pages possibly incomplete or lacking a sheet as the letter is unsigned the writer's name is docketed on the last page. In very good clean and legible condition. "Dear Quitman â€¦ Shall I tell you amongst what kind of scenes my "lines have fallen" In some respects I must say in "pleasant places" I have never been in any climate so perfectly luxurious as this. The lowest that I have seen the thermometer in a year's residence here is 58Ëš and the highest 80Ëš - while it rarely reaches either of these extremes varying from 64Ëš to 76Ëš - It is just such a temperature as to render you comfortable in whatever clothing you may choose to wear whether woolen or linen and many of the natives appear to be perfectly comfortable without any clothes at all which I must be allowed to remark is a very picturesque costume especially on horseback with a large pair of Spanish spurs. We never have mud here for the reason that the surface is everywhereso sloping that the water all runs off. We have no dust because we have an average of two showers of rain every week. The soil here is extremely productive and with careful cultivation I think almost every variety of produce might be reared in abundance. â€¦ I am of course speaking of that part of the surface which is cultivable which is not more than one twentieth of the whole surface of the Islands. These islands are most clearly of volcanic origin & formation although there is at present no volcanic activity on any but one of them. The Island East Maui upon which I am at present located rises in the shape of a cone from the sea to a height of ten thousand feet terminating in an immense extinct crater 30 miles in circumference. How poor little Vesuvius sinks into insignificance on the comparison! The island on the side not exposed to the trade winds Lee side is almost entirely destitute of timber up to an elevation of from 2500 to 3000 feet and from that to the summit the growth is not tall but heavy and luxuriant. In Switzerland we found perpetual snow at an elevation of 8000 fee and there all vegetation ceased â€¦ but here at the elevation of 10000 snow never remains more than a few days at a time. While the summits of Hawaii which are respectively 10000 & 14000 feet retain their white summit crowns only half the year. We are elevated here between 2500 & 3000 feet above the sea so that we have a pure and rarified atmosphere. You may judge of the clearness of the air when I state that the Island of Maui at the distance of 90 miles is distinctly visible with the naked eye. While at the distance of 20 miles we can easily count the ships in the port of Lahaina without the aid of a glass. It is a most fortunate circumstance that we have hereâ€¦ The native language is a limited species of jargon that seems to answer the necessary purposes although utterly void of beauty and with but little force. I despise them & their language." books

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