Haiti

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Haiti, New World, The First Negro RepublicAntiquariat.de

Haiti: The First Negro Republic in the New World Her True Face

Haiti: Boyer Jean PierreABAA

WATERCOLOR OF GENERAL JEAN-PIERRE BOYER PRESIDENT OF HAITI

1825WRCAM47136Port-au-Prince 1825. Watercolor 6 1/2 x 5 inches. Matted and framed to 10 x 8 inches. A few faint spots of foxing. Colors bright and fresh. Near fine. A handsome watercolor of Haitian general and president Jean-Pierre Boyer 1776-1850 who reigned over Haiti from 1818 to 1843. Boyer a free mulatto was born in Port-au-Prince but educated in France. One of the leaders of the Haitian Revolution he fled to France when Toussaint's uprising turned against the mulattoes as well as the whites returning with LeClerc in 1802. After independence Haiti split into two states north and south and Boyer served as the right hand of Alexandre Petion who established himself as president of the southern state. Boyer was appointed by Petion to be his successor in 1818 while Henri Christophe still ruled in the north. After Christophe committed suicide in 1820 and his young son was killed ten days later Boyer succeeded in reunifying the two states of Haiti. In late 1821 Santo Domingo became independent from Spain and Boyer swiftly moved to invade uniting the island under his rule by early 1822. In 1825 after agreeing to an indemnity he obtained official French recognition of the country for the first time since the revolution. At first Boyer's rule looked like a new start for the war-ravaged country and many free blacks from the United States considered settling there; but Boyer preferred to maintain a semi-feudal government and little was done to improve the situation. He stayed solidly in power until an earthquake was followed by an insurrection in 1843. Santo Domingo rebelled and won its independence back in 1844. Boyer fought back for over a year before fleeing first to Jamaica in 1845 and then to France where he died in 1850. He succeeded in lasting as president longer than any other Haitian ruler just edging out "Papa Doc" Duvalier for the honor. In this portrait which shows Boyer in three- quarter profile facing left he is dressed in his full regalia as general and president wearing a blue military coat trimmed in gold braid and a white cape with a red lining. This likeness closely resembles an engraving by Raban dated 1825 which is probably based on it. He is at the height of his achievements having just solidified his power by obtaining recognition from France. The portrait is signed with the initials "B.C." written in reverse in the bottom corner. An outstanding image of Haiti's fourth president. unknown books

William Reese Company · États-Unis9 500,00 $US≈ 8 037,95 €

Haiti: Montalembert Jean Charles baron de.: Wigglesworth JohnABAA

PARTIALLY-PRINTED BILL OF EXCHANGE FOR SUPPLIES SIGNED BY BARON DE MONTALEMBERT COMMANDER OF THE GRENADIERS BRITANIQUES & JOHN WIGGLESWORTH AGENT TO THE COMMANDER OF THE 1796 BRITISH OCCUPATION FORCE IN HAITI

1796WRCAM52307Port-au-Prince 1796. 4 x 9 1/2 inches completed in manuscript docketed on verso. Minor toning and edge wear. Very good. A rare pay order for supplies made out to Baron Jean-Charles de Montalembert on behalf of the invading British occupation force in Haiti. The document is signed by John Wigglesworth agent to the Commander of the British forces in Haiti and later Britain's envoy to the leader of the Haitian Revolution Touissant Louverture. By early the next century Louverture would become ever so briefly chief of the first free Black Republic in Haiti. The payee Montalembert has docketed the verso with an additional docket in French transferring the funds to Dutilh & Wachsmuth a Philadelphia mercantile house. St. Domingo the French part of Haiti was a highly prosperous sugar coffee and cotton slave-estate island whose produce was described as exceeding that of the whole of the British Leeward and surrounding islands. In 1789 it was said to consist of 10000 white people 24000 free mixed-race people and 455000 negro slaves. Although free local laws decreed that mixed-race individuals could not accept any office or employment other than as planters. As news spread of the revolution this group revolted but were roundly defeated. Part of the white response to the uprising was to create their own local assembly which excluded those of mixed race and resolved to transfer the island's allegiance to Great Britain whereupon France sent Commissioners who according to some reports recruited negroes to fight the whites. Starting in August 1791 the slaves revolted in many towns implementing major massacres and destruction of estates and establishing free communities of their own. They were led by Touissant Louverture an ex-slave who later joined the French army after the country abolished slavery in 1793. Louverture swiftly rose to the rank of Commander in Chief of the French forces in Haiti and proved to be an effective leader. In 1794 the British army under the pretense of the Napoleonic war sent a force from Jamaica that occupied Port-au-Prince and some other towns a welcome development for the remaining white population on the island. This British force was commanded by General Sir Thomas Maitland of the 62 Foot Regiment for whom Wigglesworth was the army agent. In the end the British were not successful. By 1798 the army had been virtually wiped out by yellow fever and in April of that year Maitland withdrew the British forces from Haiti under a guarantee from Louverture that the remaining pro-British whites would be protected. In May 1801 Touissant established St. Domingo as an independent republic. This alarmed the French so badly that they subsequently sent an army of 25000 that recaptured the island within a year and then by a ruse conveyed Louverture to France where he soon after died in prison. Baron de Montalembert had commanded the Legion britaniques de Sainte-Domingue a force of 1200 men composed of white colonials recruits from Europe and possibly some free mixed-race Haitians. Montalembert's Grenadiers were one of the most dependable units fighting for the British until the aforementioned fever along with heavy casualties decimated the unit. They disbanded on June 25 1797. A rare early Haitian document signed by two principal figures in the British occupation during the Haitian Revolution. unknown books

William Reese Company · États-Unis850,00 $US≈ 719,19 €

Haiti: Wigglesworth JohnABAA

PARTIALLY-PRINTED BILL OF EXCHANGE FOR SUPPLIES SIGNED BY JOHN WIGGLESWORTH AGENT TO THE COMMANDER OF THE 1796 BRITISH OCCUPATION FORCE IN HAITI

1796WRCAM52305Port-au-Prince 1796. 4 x 9 1/2 inches completed in manuscript docketed on verso. Minor toning and corner wear. Very good. A rare pay order for supplies bought from William Dickson by the invading British occupation force in Haiti. The document is signed by John Wigglesworth agent to the Commander of the British forces in Haiti and later Britain's envoy to the leader of the Haitian Revolution Touissant Louverture. By early the next century Louverture would become ever so briefly chief of the first free Black Republic in Haiti. The payee Dickson has docketed the verso to pay "Mg. de Klegand" with an additional docket in French by de Klegand to pay Dutilh & Wachsmuth a Philadelphia mercantile house. St. Domingo the French part of Haiti was a highly prosperous sugar coffee and cotton slave-estate island whose produce was described as exceeding that of the whole of the British Leeward and surrounding islands. In 1789 it was said to consist of 10000 white people 24000 free mixed-race people and 455000 negro slaves. Although free local laws decreed that mixed-race individuals could not accept any office or employment other than as planters. As news spread of the revolution this group revolted but were roundly defeated. Part of the white response to the uprising was to create their own local assembly which excluded those of mixed race and resolved to transfer the island's allegiance to Great Britain whereupon France sent Commissioners who according to some reports recruited negroes to fight the whites. Starting in August 1791 the slaves revolted in many towns implementing major massacres and destruction of estates and establishing free communities of their own. They were led by Touissant Louverture an ex-slave who later joined the French army after the country abolished slavery in 1793. Louverture swiftly rose to the rank of Commander in Chief of the French forces in Haiti and proved to be an effective leader. In 1794 the British army under the pretense of the Napoleonic war sent a force from Jamaica that occupied Port-au-Prince and some other towns a welcome development for the remaining white population on the island. This British force was commanded by General Sir Thomas Maitland of the 62 Foot Regiment for whom Wigglesworth was the army agent. In the end the British were not successful. By 1798 the British army had been virtually wiped out by yellow fever and in April of that year Maitland withdrew the British forces from Haiti under a guarantee from Louverture that the remaining pro-British whites would be protected. In May 1801 Touissant established St. Domingo as an independent republic. This alarmed the French so badly that they subsequently sent an army of 25000 that recaptured the island within a year and by a ruse conveyed Louverture to France where he soon after died in prison. unknown books

William Reese Company · États-Unis850,00 $US≈ 719,19 €

Haiti: Wigglesworth JohnABAA

PARTIALLY-PRINTED BILL OF EXCHANGE FOR SUPPLIES SIGNED BY JOHN WIGGLESWORTH AGENT TO THE COMMANDER OF THE 1796 BRITISH OCCUPATION FORCE IN HAITI

1796WRCAM52308Port-au-Prince 1796. 3 1/2 x 9 3/4 inches completed in manuscript docketed on verso. Minor toning. Very good. A rare pay order for supplies intended for the British occupation force in Haiti made out to M. JurÃƒÂ© AinÃƒÂ©. The document is signed by John Wigglesworth agent to the Commander of the British forces in Haiti and later Britain's envoy to the leader of the Haitian Revolution Touissant Louverture. By early the next century Louverture would become ever so briefly chief of the first free Black Republic in Haiti. The payee Jure has docketed the verso in French with an additional docket in French transferring payment to Dutilh & Wachsmuth a Philadelphia mercantile house. St. Domingo the French part of Haiti was a highly prosperous sugar coffee and cotton slave-estate island whose produce was described as exceeding that of the whole of the British Leeward and surrounding islands. In 1789 it was said to consist of 10000 white people 24000 free mixed-race people and 455000 negro slaves. Although free local laws decreed that mixed-race individuals could not accept any office or employment other than as planters. As news spread of the revolution this group revolted but were roundly defeated. Part of the white response to the uprising was to create their own local assembly which excluded those of mixed race and resolved to transfer the island's allegiance to Great Britain whereupon France sent Commissioners who according to some reports recruited negroes to fight the whites. Starting in August 1791 the slaves revolted in many towns implementing major massacres and destruction of estates and establishing free communities of their own. They were led by Touissant Louverture an ex-slave who later joined the French army after the country abolished slavery in 1793. Louverture swiftly rose to the rank of Commander in Chief of the French forces in Haiti and proved to be an effective leader. In 1794 the British army under the pretense of the Napoleonic war sent a force from Jamaica that occupied Port-au-Prince and some other towns a welcome development for the remaining white population on the island. This British force was commanded by General Sir Thomas Maitland of the 62 Foot Regiment for whom Wigglesworth was the army agent. In the end the British were not successful. By 1798 the British army had been virtually wiped out by yellow fever and in April of that year Maitland withdrew the British forces from Haiti under a guarantee from Louverture that the remaining pro-British whites would be protected. In May 1801 Touissant established St. Domingo as an independent republic. This alarmed the French so badly that they subsequently sent an army of 25000 that recaptured the island within a year and by a ruse conveyed Louverture to France where he soon after died in prison. unknown books

William Reese Company · États-Unis850,00 $US≈ 719,19 €

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