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PASTEUR, LOUIS - DISCOVERY OF "MOLECULAR ASSYMETRY"Biblio.com

Recherches sur les relations qui peuvent exister entre la forme cristalline la composition chimique et le sens de la polarisation rotatoire. Note sur la Cristallisation du soufre. Memoir on the relation that can exist between crystalline form an.

184849336Paris Victor Masson 1848 a. 1851. 8vo. 2 contemp. hcalf raised bands gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepages and on verso of 1 plate. In "Annales de Chimie et de Physique" 3me Series - Tome XXIV and XXXI. 6512 pp. and 2 plates 512 pp. a. 4 plates.2 entire volumes offered. Pasteur's papers: pp. 442-459 a. pp. 459-460 1 double-page folded engraved plate pp. 67-102 a. 1 plate. Some scattered brownspots to first part of the first volume not affecting P's papers. First full exposition of Pasteur's momentous and revolutionary discovery of "molecular assymetry" and founding the science of Polarimetry.The discovery was first announced by Pasteur in may 1848 by the printing of the preliminary report of only 4 short pages in order to establish priority. The announcement - 4 pages - was published in Comptes rendus hebdomadaires de l’Académie des Sciences Paris Seance of May 15 1848 26 21 535-538 Published on May 1848."In 1848.Pasteur studied the crystals of tartrates one of the substances that exhibited the now-clockwise now-counterclockwise effect under the microscope and found that the crystals were mirror images of the others. The two crystals resembled each other as a right-hand glove resembles a left-hand glove.This was a revolutionary discovery and it took some courage to announce it. A few years before the well-known chemist Mitscherlich had studies the same tartrate crystals and declared them all to be identical. Pasteur was only a twenty-sic-year-old unknown. neverthelless he announced his findings and went before Biot to repeat the separation ofthe crystals before the eyes of the aged authority in the field. Biot was convinced and Pasteur received the Rumford medal of the Royal Society for his work.Pasteur had thus founded the science of polarimetry in which the measurements of the manner in which the plane of polarized light was twisted could be used to help to determine the structure of organic substance to follow various chemical reactions and so on."Asimov. Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book of Chemistry" p. 374-379. hardcover

WOHLER, F et J LIEBIG - THE DISCOVERY OF "EMULSIN" A MAIN WORK IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Sur la Formation de l'Huile d'Amandes amères. Emploi d'un nouveau Médicament en place des Waux distillées du Laurier-Cerise ou d'Amandes amères proposé par. F. Woehler et J. Liebig.

183748086Paris Crochard et Comp. 1837. Orig. printed wrappers. No backstrip. In: "Annales de Chimie et de Physique Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago." tome 64 Cahier 2 Fevrier 1837. Pp. 113-224. Entire issue offered with printed wrappers. Wöhler a. Liebig's papers: pp. 185-209 a. pp. 209-217. First appearance of this classic paper in organic chemistry in which Wöhler and Liebig showed how Amygdalin could be decomposed by a vegetable emulsion the first example of a glycoside. The papers were issued at the same time in "Annalen der Physik und Chemie"."The conclusions which you have drawn from the investigation of bitter-almond oil" wrote Berzelius to Liebig and Wöhler "are certainly the most importent which have so far been reached in the domain of vegetable chemistry and give promise of shedding an unexpected light over this part of the science.The facts which you have set forth inspire such reflections that they may be regarded as the dawn of a new day in vegetable chemistry."Berzelius-Wöhler Briefwechsel."During the years that Liebig was preoccupied with the ether theory and with organic acids he also carried out two importent investigations with Wöhler. In october 1836 Wöhler wrote that he had discovered a way to transform amygdalin to oil of bitter almonds and hydrocyanid acis by distilling it with manganese and sulfuric acid and he invited Liebig to join in pursuing the topic. Two days later he made a more remarkable discovery. It had occurred to him that perhaps thetransformation of amygdalin could be effected by the albumin in the almonds in a manner similar to the action of yeast in sugar.Wöhler suspected that the decomposition was an example of what Berzelius had recently defined as catalysis. Liebig and Wöhler then divided up the detailed examination of the properties and composition of amygdalin. They precipitated from the emulsion of almonds a substance which when dissolved retain its action. They named the active substance "emulsion". Its effectiveness in very small quantities confirmed that it acted like yeast."DSB VIII p. 342. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark2 500,00 DKK≈ 335,75 €

VILLARD, P (PAUL ULRICH). - THE DISCOVERY OF GAMMA RAYS AND GAMMA RADIATIONBiblio.com

Sur la réflexion et la réfraction des rayons cathodiques et des rayons déviables du radium. Sur le rayonnement du radium.

190048207Paris Gauthier-Villars 1900. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 130 No 15 a. No 18. Pp. 962- 1044 a. pp. 1145- 1220. Entire issues offered. Stamp on first pages. A few tears to margins. Poor paperquality fragile. Villard's papers: pp. 1010-1012 a. 1178-1182 textillustrations. First apperance of Villard's two papers in which he announced and described the discovery of a new type of radiation more powerfull and penetrating than alpha-and beta rays. The new type of rays was named by Rutherford as gammarays."His Villardexperiments in radioactivity led to the unexpected discovery of gamma rays in 1900. Villard recognized them as being different from x rays because the gamma rays had a much greater penetrating depth. He had discovered they were emitted from radioactive substances and were not affected by electric or magnetic fields. These came to be called gamma rays by another scientist Ernest Rutherford. It wasn't until 1914 that Rutherford showed that they were a form of electromagnetic EM like light only with a much shorter wavelength than x rays. Now we know that gamma rays are a form of EM radiation similar to x rays. Gamma rays tend to have a higher energy and a shorter wavelength than x rays do. However the dividing line between these two forms of radiation is not clearly defined. Scientists typically apply the term gamma ray to EM radiation with energies above several hundred thousand electron volts." Hps - Healt Physics Society. - See Sigmund Brandt "The Harevst of a Century" Episode 6 p. 24 ff.The issues contains other importent papers HENRI BECQUEREL "Note sur la transmission du rayonnement du radium au travers des corps" pp. 979-984 and "Sur la transparance de l'aluminium pour le rayonnement du radium" pp. 1154-57. P. CURIE et G. SAGNAC "Électrisation négative des rayons secondaires produits au moyen des rayons de Röntgen" pp. 1013-1016. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark2 500,00 DKK≈ 335,75 €

BERNARD, CLAUDE - THE DISCOVERY AND ISOLATION OF GLYCOGENEBiblio.com

Sur le mécanisme de la formation du sucre dans le foie. Suite Sur le mécanisme. Remarques sur la formation de la matière glycogène du foie. 3 Papers.

185547110Paris Mallet-Bachelier 1855 a. 1857. 4to. No wrappers. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 41 No 13 and Tome 44 No 12 a. No. 26. Pp. 461-500 pp. 578-640 a. pp. 1293-1363 3 entire issues offered. Bernard's papers: pp. 461-469 pp. 578-586 a. pp. 1325-1331. Some scattered brownspots to the first paper. First printing of these two milestone-papers in physiology in which Bernard discovers and isolates glycogen from the liver shows that it is converted into blood glucose and discovers the process of gluconeogenesis. He further creates the concepts "experimental determination" and "local interieur"Bernard undertook the task of tracing out the various transformations of food stuffs within the animal organism beginning with the carbohydrates; and he not only found contrary to the accepted view that sugar was formed in the liver but he was also able to isolate a substance from the hepatic tissue which though not sugar was converted by fermentation into dextrose. He made a special study of its properties and called it "glycogen"."The culmination of Bernard's work on the glycogenic function of the liver. He invented the term "internal secretion" and can be said to have started the scientific investigation of the internal secretions although for 30 years the significance of his work was not generally realized. By his research on glycogene Bernard showed that the body not only can break down but can also build up complex chemical substances."Garrison & Morton .Claude Bernard 1813-78 was a key figure in French nineteenth-century science and one of the world's great physiologists. With good reason he has been called the ‘father of experimental medicine’.Garrison & Morton No. 1000 a. 999.1 unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark4 500,00 DKK≈ 604,35 €

BECQUEREL, HENRI - THE DISCOVERY OF RADIO-ACTIVITY - THE BEGINNING OF THE NUCLEAR AGEBiblio.com

Sur les radiations émises par phosphorescence. Sur les radiations invisibles émises par les corps phosphorescents. Sur quelques propriétés nouvelles des radiations invisibles émises par divers corps phosphorescents. Sur les radiation.

189646854Paris Gauthier-Villars 1896. 4to. Near contemp. full cloth. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. Bookmark "The Chemists Club" in gold on lower part of spine. Light wear along edges. In: "Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Academie des Sciences" Tome 122 Entire volume offered.1633 pp. The papers: 420-421 pp. 501-502 pp. 559-564 pp. 689-694 pp. 762-767 and pp. 1086-1088. First appearance of the six landmark papers in which Becquerel documents his discovery of Radio-activity PROMPTING THE NUCLEAR AGE.Becquerel was an expert in fluorescence and phosphorescence continuing the work of his father and grandfather. Follwing the discovery of X-rays by Röntgen Bexquerel investigated fluorescent materials to see if they also emitted X-rays. He exposed a fluorescent uranium salt pechblende to light and then placed it on a wrapped photographic plate.He found that a faint image was left on the plate which he believed was due to the pichblende emitting the light it had absorbed as a more penetrating radiation. However by chace he left a sample that had not been exposed to light on top of a photographic plate in a drawer. he noticed that the photographic plate also had a a faint image of the pechblende. After several chemical tests he concluded that these "Becquerel rays" were a property of atoms. He had by chace discovered radio-activity and prompted thee beginning of the nuclear age. He shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903 with Marie and Pierre Curie. The "Becquerel Rays" were later discovered to be a composite of three forms of emanation distinguished by Rutherford as alpha beta and gamma rays.Dibner: 163 the later Mémoire from 1903 - PMM: 393 1903- Mémoire - Garrison & Morton: 2001 only the first paper. - Magie "A Sourve Book in Physics" p. 610 ff. - Norman:157. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €

DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF HYDROGEN TELLURIDEBiblio.com

The Bakerian Lecture for 1809. On some new Electrochemical Researches on various Objects particularly the metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earth and on some Combinations of Hydrogene. Read November 16 1809.

181042219London W. Bulmer and Co. 1810. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1810 - Part I. Pp. 16-74 and 2 engraved plates showing Davy's electrochemical apparatus for decomposing substances. The plates dampstained. Text fine and clean. First appearence of this historical chemical paper Davy' fifth Bakerian Lecture in which he announced his discovery of hydrogen telluride."Mr. Davy having from the commencement of his electro-chemical researches communicated the several steps of his progress to the Society The Royal Society takes the present opportunity of reporting the results of his further inquiries under four principal heads. First on the nature of the metals of the fixed alkalis. Second on the nature of Hydrogen and composition of ammonia. Thirdly on the metals of the earth; and Fourthly he makes a comparison between the antiphlogistic doctrine and a modified phlogistic hypothesis."Abstract. He further gives arguments for considering potassium and sodium which he discovered in 1808 as a element."Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800 and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lectures." - Wheeler Gift: 2518. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark4 500,00 DKK≈ 604,35 €

DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUMBiblio.com

The Bakerian Lecture on some new Phenomena of chemical Changes produced by Electricityparticularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies and the Exhibition of the new substances which constitute their bases; and on the general Nature of alkaline .

180842218London W. Bulmer and Co. 1808. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 1-44. First printing of this importent historical paper in chemistry in which Davy shows that electricity is capable of decomposing some alkalies isolating two new substances and discovering potassium and sodium. Neville in his Historical Chemical Library vol. I p.340 writes about this paper "ONE OF THE GREAT CLASSIC RESEARCHES IN CHEMISTRY in which Davy announced in this his second Bakterian lecture the isloation of metallic potassium and sodium by the electrolytic decomposition of their fused oxides.""He Davy began his own electrical experiments.The results were spectacular. On October 6 1807 the current passing through molten potash liberated a metal which Davy called potassium. The little globules of shining metal tore the water molecule apart as it eagerly recombined with oxygen and the liberated hydrogen burst into lavender flame. Davy danced about in a delirium of joy. A week later he isolated sodium from soda."Asimow. The paper offered here describes these discoveries."Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800 and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lecture to the Royal Society on November 20 1806.A Source Book in Chemistry p. 243. - Wheeler Gift: 2514. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €

DAVY, HUMPHRY - THE DISCOVERY OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUMBiblio.com

The Bakerian Lecture on some new Phenomena of chemical Changes produced by Electricityparticularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies and the Exhibition of the new substances which constitute their bases; and on the general Nature of alkaline .

180845884London W. Bulmer and Co. 1808. 4to. No wrappers as extracted from "Philosophical Transactions" 1808 - Part I. Pp. 1-44. Clean and fine wide-margined. First printing of this importent historical paper in chemistry in which Davy shows that electricity is capable of decomposing some alkalies isolating two new substances and discovering potassium and sodium. Neville in his Historical Chemical Library vol. I p.340 writes about this paper "ONE OF THE GREAT CLASSIC RESEARCHES IN CHEMISTRY in which Davy announced in this his second Bakterian lecture the isloation of metallic potassium and sodium by the electrolytic decomposition of their fused oxides.""He Davy began his own electrical experiments.The results were spectacular. On October 6 1807 the current passing through molten potash liberated a metal which Davy called potassium. The little globules of shining metal tore the water molecule apart as it eagerly recombined with oxygen and the liberated hydrogen burst into lavender flame. Davy danced about in a delirium of joy. A week later he isolated sodium from soda."Asimow. The paper offered here describes these discoveries."Humphry Davy was one of the most brilliant chemists of the early nineteenth century. His early study of nitrous oxide brought him his first reputation but his later and most importent investigations were devoted to electrochemistry. Following Galvani's experiments and the discovery of the voltaic pile interest in galvanic electricity had become widespread. The first electrolysis by means of the pile was carried out in 1800 by Nicholson and Carisle who obtained oxygen and hydrogen from water. Davy began to examine the chemical effects of electricity in 1800 and his numerous discoveries were presented in his Bakerian lecture to the Royal Society on November 20 1806.A Source Book in Chemistry p. 243. - Wheeler Gift: 2514. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €