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Huminik, John, Jr, edBiblio.com

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Library of Congress, Science and Technology DivisionBiblio.com

Astronautics and Aeronautics 1972; Chronology of Science Technology and Policy NASA SP-4017

197447312Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 1974. Presumed First Edition First printing thus. Wraps. good. ix 1 580 6 pages. Illustrations Appendix A: Satellites Space Probes and Manned Space Flights a Chronicle for 1972. Appendix B: Chronology of major NASA launches 1972. Appendix C: Chronology of manned space flight 1972. Appendix D: Abbreviations of References. Index and List of abbreviations and Acronyms. Foreword by Associate Deputy Administrator Willis H. Shapley. Foxing on top edge some wear and discoloration to boards. NASA SP-4017. Sponsored by NASA Historical Office. NASA's twelfth annual chronology of events in astronautics and aeronautics reflects a U.S. space program redefined to be less costly and perhaps less spectacular in the 1970s than in the previous decade-yet this volume records a continued and indeed matured response to the challenges of space both in scientific exploration and in practical uses. The year 1972 closed with the triumphant end of the Apollo program. A major step forward in space applications turning space knowledge and technology into practical benefits was the launch of Erts 1 to begin global observation of the earth's resources and environmental factors. NASA's technology utilization program expanded the nation's technology base and attacked problems in health and medical care air and water pollution transportation urban construction and fire safety. 1972 produced significant firsts in space science. Pioneer 10 made the first probe of the Asteroid Belt. Mariner 9 data laid the groundwork for 1975-1976 Viking missions to softland on Mars and search for evidence of life. The Orbiting Astronomical Observatory made the first ultraviolet observations of Uranus observed a supernova and at this writing has returned compelling evidence of the existence of black holes in space. NASA's major efforts in aeronautics were directed chiefly toward quieter engines; efficient short-haul air transportation; and reduction of exhaust emissions. U. S. Government Printing Office paperback

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Library of Congress, Science and Technology DivisionBiblio.com

Astronautics and Aeronautics 1971; Chronology on Science Technology and Policy

197273789Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 1972. presumed First Edition First printing thus. Wraps. fair. ix 1 474 4 pages. Wraps. Illustrations. Abbreviations of References. List of abbreviations and acronyms. Index. NASA SP-4016. Covers somewhat worn/soiled some edge soiling. Marks on cover. Ex-library with usual markings. Astronautics is the theory and practice of navigation beyond Earth's atmosphere. The term astronautics was coined in the 1920s by J.-H. Rosny president of the Goncourt academy in analogy with aeronautics. Because there is a degree of technical overlap between the two fields the term aerospace is often used to describe both at once. In 1930 Robert Esnault-Pelterie published the first book on the new research field. As with aeronautics the restrictions of mass temperatures and external forces require that applications in space survive extreme conditions: high-grade vacuum the radiation bombardment of interplanetary space and the magnetic belts of low Earth orbit. Space launch vehicles must withstand titanic forces while satellites can experience huge variations in temperature in very brief periods. Extreme constraints on mass cause astronautical engineers to face the constant need to save mass in the design in order to maximize the actual payload that reaches orbit. The early history of astronautics is theoretical: the fundamental mathematics of space travel was established by Isaac Newton in his 1687 treatise Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. By the early 1920s American Robert Goddard was developing liquid-propellant rockets which would in a few brief decades become a critical component in the designs of such famous rockets as the V-2 and Saturn V. This volume is the eleventh in NASA's series of annual chronologies of astronautics and aeronautics. The intent is to provide a preliminary historical reference which at least identifies orders and offers partial documentation for key events of the year. One of the curious aspects of these chronology volumes is that the very process of documenting NASA's portion of them reveals not only continuities but also distinctive patterns in the unfolding events. Each year has seemed to emerge with characteristics of its own. The year 1971 was no exception. As NASA's record unfolds in these pages it can clearly be seen as a transitional or bridging year. On the one hand many on-going programs demonstrated their value in solid accomplishments: Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 brought manned lunar scientific exploration to dramatic maturity ; Mariner 9 went into orbit around Mars after its 400-million-kilometer journey and began its extensive photography of that fascinating nearby planet; OS0 7 discovered "polar caps" on the sun; in aeronautics jet aircraft equipped with the experimental supercritical wing made 27 successful research flights and the quiet jet engine program was successful in its initial tests. On the other hand the shape of the next decade of the space program took much firmer shape. It became clear that after a decade in which the moon was the major focus of the U.S. space program the next ten years would emphasize earth-orbital programs geared to intensive study of our homeland in the cosmos the planet Earth. In manned spaceflight even as the final preparations were underway for the final two Apollo lunar missions all flight systems for Skylab were in final manufacturing stages or in checkout; another year's intensive study by NASA and industry had refined and hardened the design of the space shuttle to the point that we could ask Administration approval to proceed confident that a reusable cost-effective space transportation system could be built. In unmanned space programs the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite was readied for its launch in 1972 while aircraft flights were testing its remote sensing devices. In aeronautics the joint Department of Transportation-NASA study of national civil aviation R&D requirements led to the contract for design of the experimental STOL transport aircraft. Administratively the quintupling of funds for space technology transfer to the civilian economy and the establishment of the NASA Office of Applications were other indications of the increased priority for practical benefits from space research. While all of the foregoing was accomplished within the constraints of the lowest space budget since 1962 congressional approval of an FY 1972 budget that was slightly larger ended the trend of progressively smaller space budgets that had begun in 1967. This was taken in NASA as endorsement for the new stable realignment of the space program toward the needs of man on earth for the decade ahead. U. S. Government Printing Office paperback

Ground Zero Books · États-Unis50,00 $US≈ 42,31 €

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