Einstein

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Einstein, Herbert HBiblio.com

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND U.S. SYMPOSIUM ON ROCK MECHANICS Rock Mechanics from Research to Application

Einstein, Albert and Paul EhrenfextBiblio.com

Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach

1922432871922. Einstein Albert 1879-1955 and Paul Ehrenfest 1880-1933. Quantentheoretische Bemerkungen zum Experiment von Stern und Gerlach. Offprint from Zeitschrift für Physik 11 1922. 31-34pp. 229 x 155 mm. Original printed self-wrappers. Light toning but fine otherwise. First Edition Offprint Issue. In 1922 the physicists Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach conducted a now-classic experiment in which a beam of silver atoms was streamed through an inharmonious magnetic field in order to observe the atoms' deflection patterns. Rather than a random and continuous distribution as predicted by classical theory the atoms passing through the field were deflected up or down by a specific amount demonstrating that they had intrinsically quantum properties. The Stern-Gerlach experiment corroborated the Bohr-Sommerfeld model of the atom and strongly influenced later developments in 20th century physics. However the experiment also created some serious difficulties for quantum physicists in the period before the rise of the "new" quantum mechanics. Einstein and Ehrenfest addressed one of these difficulties-connected with space quantization-in their joint paper in which "they dealt in particular with the problem of how the orbits of the atom would obtain their discrete directions which they exhibit while passing through the inhomogeneous magnetic field. Under the assumption that the mechanism causing the orientation was provided by the interaction with the radiation field Einstein and Ehrenfest estimated that for a field strength of 10000 G a change in the direction of the orbit would take place in roughly 1011 s; this long time interval would be reduced in the presence of heat radiation at room temperature . . . to about 109 s. How could they asked the experimental situation be explained which implied that the discrete orientations of the orbits in silver atoms were obtained in less than 10-4 s. In order to deal with this evident puzzle Einstein and Ehrenfest proposed two alternatives: first that the silver atoms were always in the states of spatial quantization; second the orientations of the electron orbits arose from an interaction of the atoms with the radiation field which involved much smaller reaction times . . . However they found that both alternatives created considerable difficulties in the understanding of the atomic processes . . . Thus Einstein and Ehrenfest concluded: 'The difficulties mentioned above show how unsatisfactory are both interpretations of the results found by Stern and Gerlach'" Mehra & Rechenberg The Historical Development of Quantum Theory 1 pp. 443-444. Pais Subtle is the Lord p. 328. Weil Albert Einstein Bibliography 121. . unknown

Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc. · États-Unis2 750,00 $US≈ 2 326,78 €

Einstein, AlbertBiblio.com

Relativity The Special and The General Theory PERSONAL COPY OF BUCKMINSTER FULLER with SIGNATURE ADDRESS & DATE

19471667New York: Hartsdale 1947. The ownership signature address of Buckminster Fuller appear on the front pastedown. Fuller also dated his entry March 12th 1948.This is his personal copy. Buckminster Fuller was a renowned inventor philosopher futurist architect writer social activist designer inventor "intellectual outlaw" and author of more than thirty books The New Yorker In the Outlaw Area Tomkins 12.31.1965. Among many honors Fuller 1895-1983 was selected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. EINSTEIN'S WRITING OF THIS BOOK: "After submitting the final version of his general theory of relativity in November 1915 Einstein began to write a comprehensive summary of the theory for the scientific community. At that time he was already thinking about writing a popular book on relativity—both the special and the general—as he indicated in a letter to his close friend Michele Besso quoted in the epigraph. Einstein completed the manuscript in December and the booklet as he referred to it Relativity: The Special and the General Theory A Popular Account was published in German in the spring of 1917. Einstein believed that the laws of nature could be formulated in a number of simple basic principles and this quest for simplicity characterized his scientific activities. He also believed that it was his duty to explain these principles in simple terms to the general public and to convey the happiness and satisfaction that understanding them can generate. As Einstein stated in the short introduction to his booklet he "spared himself no pains in his endeavour to present the main ideas in the simplest and most intelligible form" Einstein Papers Princeton Press 10. CONDITION & DETAILS: 8vo. Tightly and solidly bound in blue cloth gilt-lettered on the front board and at the spine. The dust jacket is worn but present. The volume and cover are protected with a mylar sheath.Frontispiece portrait. Full table-of-contents and index. Clean and bright throughout. Very good condition. Hartsdale hardcover

Atticus Rare Books · États-Unis1 100,00 $US≈ 930,71 €

Einstein

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