Einstein

Einstein, Albert (New Translations And Revisions By Sonja Bargmann); Dj Photo By Philippe HalsmanBiblio.com

Ideas And Opinions

1954042205New York: Crown Publishers 1954. 1st Edition 1st Printing. Hardcover. Fine/Near Fine. Vii 377 Pp. Grey Cloth Spine Lettered In Gilt On Maroon Background. First Edition 1954 First Printing No Statement Of Printing Dj Priced $4.00 Publisher's Address As 49 Fourth Avenue On Front And Rear Flaps. Book Fine Spine Edges Crisp. Former Owner's Verified Signature With August 1954 Date No Other Marks. Dj Near Fine Touch Of Rubbing At Corners 1/4" Closed Tear At Bottom Of Front Spine Edge With Associated Rubbing And Another 1/4" Closed Tear At Top Of Rear Panel. Seldom Seen In This Condition Or Better. Crown Publishers hardcover

Arroyo Seco Books · États-Unis817,08 $US≈ 691,33 €

Einstein, Albert (New Translations And Revisions By Sonja Bargmann); Dj Photo By Philippe HalsmanBiblio.com

Ideas And Opinions

1954042247New York: Crown Publishers 1954. 1st Edition 1st Printing. Hardcover. Very Good/Good. Vii 377 Pp. Grey Cloth Spine Lettered In Gilt On Maroon Background. First Edition 1954 First Printing No Statement Of Printing Dj Priced $4.00. Book With Gilt Bright Just Slight Wear At Corners But Fraying Along Top And Bottom Edges Of Spine No Marks Aging To Outer Edges Of Page Block. Dj Very Good Small Chips At Corners 1 1/4" V-Chip At Bottom Of Rear Panel Removing 4 Letters In Title And Author's Name No Browning. Crown Publishers hardcover

Arroyo Seco Books · États-Unis314,43 $US≈ 266,04 €

Einstein, Albert (New Translations And Revisions By Sonja Bargmann, Annotations In Part V By Valentine Bargmann); Dj Photo By PhBiblio.com

Ideas And Opinions

1954044237New York: Crown Publishers 1954. 1st Edition 1st Printing. Hardcover. Near Fine/Very Good. Vii 377 Pp. Grey Cloth Spine Lettered In Gilt On Maroon Background. First Edition 1954 First Printing No Statement Of Printing Dj Price Clipped But Exactly Same As First And Came With This Book Publisher's Address As 419 Fourth Avenue On Front And Rear Flaps. Book Near Fine Spine Edges Bumped No Marks. Dj Good Rubbing At Corners With Small Losses 2 1/2" Closed Tear At Bottom Of Front Spine Edge 3 1/2" Tear Across Top Left Corner Of Rear Panel 1 1/4" Closed Tear Bottom Of Rear Panel No Loss Of Lettering Slight Fading Of Yellow Lettering On Spine Panel. Crown Publishers hardcover

Arroyo Seco Books · États-Unis462,07 $US≈ 390,96 €

Shepherd, Margaret (Calligraphic Artist); Einstein, Albert (Quotation)Biblio.com

Imagination"; is more important than knowledge

197718100501n.p.: Margaret Shepherd 1977. Limited Edition. No binding. Fine. One of 200 copies broadside inscribed by Margaret Shepherd. Margaret Shepherd is a prominent artist and teacher of calligraphy with a career spanning forty-five years; Shepherd has published numerous books about the history of calligraphy and correspondence as well as instructional books on the art form itself and has taught classes and workshops at the Rhode Island School of Design and Stanford University among others n. b. from the website of Margaret Shepherd. This broadside features her elegant lettering with the large "T" foil-stamped the text printed by photo-offset depicting a quote from Albert Einstein; per the artist about 200 were printed and were used as gifts and professional examples with "a few sold occasionally". ___DESCRIPTION: Broadside with photo-offset printed red and black calligraphy with a large initial "T" decorated wtih an acorn and oak leaf embossed and foil stamped in gilt bottom edge uncut; 15.5" by 11.5" one of 200 copies unnumbered inscribed in pencil "for Ruth Shelby" dated 2011 by Margaret Shepherd. ___CONDITION: Fine clean with bright colours without wear. ___POSTAGE: International customers please note that additional postage may apply as the standard does not always cover costs; please inquire for details. ___Swan's Fine Books is pleased to be a member of the ABAA ILAB and IOBA and we stand behind every book we sell. Please contact us with any questions you may have we are here to help. Margaret Shepherd unknown

Swan's Fine Books · États-Unis275,00 $US≈ 232,68 €

Albert EinsteinBiblio.com

In a Detailed and Unpublished Letter on Classical and Quantum Physics Albert Einstein Issues a Treatise – a Scientific Explanation – Underpinning His Belief That the Universe Cannot Be Random

17021536217/02/1953. <blockquote>In this letter from Einstein to David Bohm Einstein discusses the importance of connecting a key principle of the relatively new theory of quantum mechanics the â€œBorn interpretationâ€ to physical quantities that can be measured in the real world. To him it is essential that mathematical theories be connected to measurable quantities. In this letter Einsteinâ€™s uneasiness with quantum mechanics is apparent saying that validation of the seemingly random quantum mechanics â€œâ€¦can only be done on the basis of classical mechanics.â€ Without this validation quantum theory has essentially â€œno controllable meaning.â€ <img class=""alignnone wp-image-22637 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204163327/Einstein-born-2-e1639117238988-1600x656.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""656"" /></blockquote>Max Born was a renowned physicist who was crucial for the development of quantum mechanics and also the Ph.D. supervisor of many important physicists including J. Robert Oppenheimer. Quantum mechanics describes the weird behavior of tiny subatomic particles. Itâ€™s also the guiding theory that led to critical technologies like nuclear power MRI machines and transistors in computers and phones. One of Bornâ€™s biggest contributions to quantum mechanics was the interpretation of the probability density which is a mathematical operation performed on the â€œpsi-functionâ€ in Einsteinâ€™s words to predict the most probable physical quantities of a quantum particle. Einstein believed that probabilities only make sense if you can determine the values that they predict independently by measurement. This is easy to do in classical Newtonian mechanics the physics of big things in everyday life. But Einstein said we canâ€™t measure it for something like a â€œbound electronâ€ i.e. an electron in an atom. In order to interpret Bornâ€™s probability density function you need to connect the mathematics to real values.Â Einsteinâ€™s correspondence with Born on this subject is published and famous.To Einstein the universe is observable and measurable.When confronted with one of the principle tenets of Quantum Mechanics Einstein remarked now famously â€œQuantum mechanics is very imposing. But an inner voice tells me that it is not the real McCoy. The theory delivers a lot but hardly brings us closer to the secret of the Old One God. I for one am convinced that He does not throw dice.â€ This statement was made in one of those significant letters to Born.Â What he meant here is that rules of science cannot be random and in the rolling of dice we would have to accept unknown variables and therefore be unable to predict precisely via objective measurements.Â Therefore in Quantum Mechanics as in gambling an uncertainty of measurement exists. And to Einstein the universe is observable and measurable. He did not object to Quantum Mechanics per se; indeed he made notable contributions. But he eschewed any reliance on what was not observable and knowable.<img class=""alignnone wp-image-22634 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204163356/Einstein-born-5-e1639117103621-1600x616.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""616"" />David Joseph Bohm was an American scientist who has been described as one of the most significant theoretical physicists of the 20th century and who contributed unorthodox ideas to quantum theory neuropsychology and the philosophy of mind.Â His first book Quantum Theory published in 1951 was well received by Einstein among others. But Bohm became dissatisfied with the orthodox interpretation of quantum theory he had written about in that book.Bohmâ€™s aim was not to set out a deterministic mechanical viewpoint but to show that it was possible to attribute properties to an underlying reality in contrast to the conventional approach. He began to develop his own interpretation the De Broglieâ€“Bohm theory also called the Pilot wave theory the predictions of which agreed perfectly with the non-deterministic quantum theory. He initially referred to his approach as a hidden variable theory. Bohm originally hoped that hidden variables could provide a local causal objective description that would resolve or eliminate many of the paradoxes of Quantum MechanicsÂ the measurement problem and the collapse of the wavefunction. However Bellâ€™s theorem complicates this hope as it demonstrates that there can be no local hidden variable theory that is compatible with the predictions of Quantum Mechanics.Â The Bohmian interpretation is causal but not local. Albert Einstein who had suggested that Bohm search for a realist alternative to the prevailing Copenhagen approach did not consider Bohmâ€™s interpretation to be a satisfactory answer to the quantum question.The Copenhagen interpretation is an expression of the meaning of Quantum Mechanics that was largely devised in the years 1925 to 1927 by Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg. It remains one of the most commonly taught interpretations of Quantum Mechanics.Â According to the Copenhagen interpretation physical systems generally do not have definite properties prior to being measured and Quantum Mechanics can only predict the probabilities that measurements will produce certain results. The act of measurement affects the system causing the set of probabilities to reduce to only one of the possible values immediately after the measurement.In classical mechanics a particle has at every moment an exact position and an exact momentum. These values change deterministically as the particle moves according to Newtonâ€™s laws. Under the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics particles do not have exactly determined properties and when they are measured the result is randomly drawn from a probability distribution. The SchrÃ¶dinger equation predicts what the probability distributions are but fundamentally cannot predict the exact result of each measurement.<img class=""alignnone wp-image-22633 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204163406/Einstein-born-e1639117155596-1600x360.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""360"" />Typed letter signed on his blind embossed letterhead February 17 1953 Professor Bohm.Â â€œDear Bohm:Â I thank you very much for the prompt reaction to my little article. I did of course not expect that you would agree with me. For scarcely anyone is inclined to abandon an enterprise in which le has invested a great deal of work.â€œI do not want to answer your letter in detail although it deserves it very much. Only a short remark concerning the interpretation of Bornâ€™s standpoint:â€œAccording to Born the physical meaning of the psi-function follows: it determines probabilities f.i. for the value of impulses. this makes sense only if the impulse is defined independently of the mathematical theory by some feasible measurement. This can only be done on the basis of classical mechanics. F.i. if one has calculated the impulse of a bound electron on the basis of a psi-function then this result has no controllable meaning. For there is no possibility to measure such a thing not even approximately. However if one has to do with a makro-object which is at least temporarily approximately free then one is able to determine experimentally at least approximately its impulsef.i. through two successive snapshots or through radar. If it is at all possible to attribute meaning to Bornâ€™s interpretation then the impulse the probability of which appears in the theory has to be put equal to the impulse thus measured. Classical approxi_mate measurement of the impulse is however in my example very well feasible without first removing the walls and then waiting some time. Bornâ€™s probability therefore has to be interpreted as relative to the impulse thus measured if this probability is to have any meaning at all.â€œThe vanishing of position-probability for the nodes offers no difficulty though it is true that this fact excludes the interpretation of the process as a motion in the strict sense of the word. For the factual process will only approximately be describable as a motion as f.i. the action of a gas upon a small part of the wall is describable only approximately by the concept of pressure.â€œWith regard to the publication of your remarks in the Born volume I have some scruples the reason for which you will readily understand. I have sent a copy of my article to you but not to de Broglie because this would have seemed to me somewhat pretentious. If therefore your answer would be published together with my remarks without de Broglie having had the possibility to do the same he might feel it as an unkindness from my side.â€œThis would be avoided if you would send De Broglie my remarks together with your reply adding that you do this with my consent. If you have done this and have received his reaction to it â€“ then the editors of the Born volume can be approached in the matter. I would consider it as reasonable and justified to do so.â€<img class=""alignnone wp-image-22636 size-post-window"" src=""https://cdn.raabcollection.com/wp-content/uploads/20231204163341/Einstein-born-3-1-e1639117201589-1600x672.jpg"" alt="""" width=""1600"" height=""672"" />This is a remarkably detailed scientific letter mentioning numerous significant physicists containing a hand-drawn symbol and directly relating to his important theories. It is also in a sense his defense of his own work including relativity.Â unknown

The Raab Collection · États-Unis75 000,00 $US≈ 63 457,50 €

Danielle EinsteinBiblio.com

Innovations and Advances in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

A9781875378777Paperback / softback. New. paperback

The Saint Bookstore · Royaume-Uni37,92 £GB≈ 43,30 €

David, Einstein LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople; a Diplomatist's Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition April-September 191

101896522X.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover

Bonita · États-Unis61,30 $US≈ 51,87 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constaniople

1023615037.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover

Bonita · États-Unis62,51 $US≈ 52,89 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constaniople

0526402873.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback

Bonita · États-Unis57,71 $US≈ 48,83 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition April to September 1915 1917

1104095513.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback

Bonita · États-Unis57,63 $US≈ 48,76 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition April-September 1915

1015982778.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover

Bonita · États-Unis61,30 $US≈ 51,87 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During The Dardanelles Expedition April To September 1915 1917

1104107074.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover

Bonita · États-Unis77,29 $US≈ 65,40 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During The Dardanelles Expedition April To September 1915 1917

1165381419.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback

Bonita · États-Unis57,63 $US≈ 48,76 €

Einstein, LewisBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition April-september 1915

Z1-R-028-01463Bibliobazaar. Used - Like New. Used - Like New. Ships from UK in 48 hours or less usually same day.Your purchase helps support Sri Lankan Children's Charity 'The Rainbow Centre'. 100% money back guarantee. We are a world class secondhand bookstore based in Hertfordshire United Kingdom and specialize in high quality textbooks across an enormous variety of subjects. We aim to provide a vast range of textbooks rare and collectible books at a great price. Our donations to The Rainbow Centre have helped provide an education and a safe haven to hundreds of children who live in appalling conditions. We provide a 100% money back guarantee and are dedicated to providing our customers with the highest standards of service in the bookselling industry. Bibliobazaar unknown

Phatpocket Limited · Royaume-Uni88,95 £GB≈ 101,56 €

Lewis EinsteinBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition; April September 1915 Classic Reprint

0265373808.Ghardcover. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. hardcover

Bonita · États-Unis69,65 $US≈ 58,93 €

Lewis EinsteinBiblio.com

Inside Constaniople

2009__1113139889BCR Bibliographical Center for Research 2009. Paperback. New. 310 pages. 10.00x7.50x0.70 inches. BCR (Bibliographical Center for Research) paperback

Revaluation Books · Royaume-Uni46,60 £GB≈ 53,21 €

Lewis EinsteinBiblio.com

Inside Constantinople: A Diplomatist's Diary During the Dardanelles Expedition; April September 1915 Classic Reprint

1331262208.Gpaperback. Good. Access codes and supplements are not guaranteed with used items. May be an ex-library book. paperback

Bonita · États-Unis55,39 $US≈ 46,87 €

Einstein Kentaro YanoBiblio.com

Intellectual Heritage of Humanity 68 Einstein <Japanese Version>

19782111902152907861Kodansha 1978. Soft Cover. Fine. Size: B6 size Kodansha paperback

Potato Head Bookshop · Singapour100,00 $US≈ 84,61 €

EINSTEIN, AlbertBiblio.com

Interferenzeigenschaften des durch Kanalstrahlen emittierten Lichtes. Issued with: & RUPP Emil. Über die Interferenzeigenschaften des Kanalstrahllichtes. Offprint from: Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften XXV XXVI November 1926

19266414Berlin: Akademie der Wissenschaften 1926. First edition. First edition very rare author's presentation offprint extremely rare author's presentation offprint not to be confused with the much more common trade separate - see below from the library of the great German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld of the notorious Einstein/Rupp experiments which demonstrated the wave-theory of light contrary to Einstein's expectations.. SCIENTIFIC FRAUD: THE EINSTEIN-RUPP EXPERIMENTS. First edition extremely rare author's presentation offprint not to be confused with the much more common trade separate - see below from the library of the great German physicist Arnold Sommerfeld of the notorious Einstein/Rupp experiments. "In the fall of 1926 Albert Einstein published the outline of two experiments in the Proceedings of the Berlin Academy. They addressed one of the most urgent questions in physics at the time: the experiments were to show if the emission of light was a process that was extended in time or if instead light emission occurred in an instantaneous act. Of course the first possibility would confirm a traditional oscillator-and-wave-like view whereas the second possibility would cohere well with Einstein's own ideas on light quanta. It is quite surprising that these experiments are so unfamiliar today. Apart from addressing a central question and being proposed by no lesser figure than Einstein they also circulated at a crucial moment in the history of quantum theory. Still the experiments are not mentioned in any of the standard Einstein biographies and there is no substantial treatment of them in histories of the quantum theory . The likely cause for this lack of attention is at least as surprising: the experiments were-supposedly-conducted by Emil Rupp yet a decade later Rupp was exposed as a scientific fraudster; the results obtained by Rupp in close consultation with Einstein and published back-to-back with the latter's theoretical paper were in the end generally believed to have been fabrications" Van Dongen. As Walter Gerlach of Stern-Gerlach fame said in an interview with Thomas Kuhn in 1963 "Rupp in the late twenties early thirties was regarded as the most important and most competent physicist. He did incredible things. . Later it turned out that everything that he had ever published everything was forged. This had gone on for ten years ten years!" Nevertheless "these experiments played a substantial role in developments in 1926. Most importantly they confirmed a wave picture of light when many including Einstein himself initially expected a particle-like instantaneous picture of light emission to be confirmed. After all only a few years before Compton scattering had been shown and as little as a year before the Einstein-Rupp experiments Walther Bothe and Hans Geiger had done the experiments that dismissed the BKS theory. But the experiments of Einstein and Rupp also influenced events in other ways. For instance their initial interpretation was most likely of direct importance for Max Born when he proposed the probabilistic interpretation of the wave function. The experiments further played a role in the thinking of Werner Heisenberg as he formulated his uncertainty relations . these experiments deserve renewed attention and their current obscure status is not warranted by their historical importance" Van Dongen. OCLC locates only three copies two in Switzerland one in Germany but it is unclear which of these if any are author's presentation offprints. The presentation offprint was not present in the collection of Einstein's son Hans Albert Christie's 2006 but it was in Einstein's own collection of his offprints Christie's 2008. Provenance: Arnold Sommerfeld 1868-1951 his characteristic numbering '46' in red pencil on front cover. "The son of a physician Sommerfeld was educated at the University of Königsberg. After teaching briefly at the universities of Göttingen Clausthal and Aachen he was appointed professor of physics at the University of Münich in 1906. Sommerfeld should have retired in 1936 in favour of his pupil Werner Heisenberg. Opposition from the Nazi party to Heisenberg's appointment prolonged Sommerfeld's tenure and it was not in fact until late 1939 that he finally retired to be succeeded not by Heisenberg but by Wilhelm Müller a Nazi aerodynamicist without a single publication in physics to his credit. Although Sommerfeld and Heisenberg were not Jewish they were regarded by the Nazis as Jewish sympathizers. Sommerfeld however survived the war and returned to his Münich chair in 1945 continuing to work at physics until he died in a car accident in 1951" Oxford Reference. "Arnold Sommerfeld was one of the most distinguished representatives of the transition period between classical and modern theoretical physics. The work of his youth was still firmly anchored in the conceptions of the nineteenth century; but when in the first decennium of the century the flood of new discoveries experimental and theoretical broke the dams of tradition he became a leader of the new movement and in combining the two ways of thinking he exerted a powerful influence on the younger generation. This combination of a classical mind to whom clarity of conception and mathematical rigour are essential with the adventurous spirit of a pioneer are the roots of his scientific success while his exceptional gift of communicating his ideas by spoken and written word made him a great teacher" Max Born p. 275. "Born in 1898 Rupp began his career in the 1920s studying canal rays beams of positive ions and atoms formed between an anode and cathode the latter punctured with holes or "canals" in a gas discharge tube. When these rays shoot through the canals and into a vacuum chamber the ions rapidly lose and gain charge emitting visible light that becomes less intense at the other end of the canal. "In his first experiments in the mid-1920s Rupp measured the coherence length of light - the distance over which the light maintains a consistent phase - emitted by hydrogen and mercury atoms in the canal rays. He measured these lengths as 62 centimeters for hydrogen and 15.2 centimeters for mercury. These were blockbuster results: A moving hydrogen atom was expected to stay coherent over a much smaller distance. "What's more Rupp's extra-long hydrogen canal ray seemed like it could be used to test one of physics' biggest questions at the time: Is light a particle or a wave Einstein had devised experiments to test if light was emitted instantaneously or over time but he needed a light with an extra-long coherence length - and only Rupp had achieved it. "After reading Rupp's 1926 paper Einstein published his own "Proposal for an Experiment on the Nature of the Elementary Process of Radiation Emission" and reached out to Rupp directly to discuss a collaboration. But because Rupp's boss at Heidelberg University the physicist Philipp Lenard was "a fervent anti-relativist - and anti-Semite" writes van Dongen Einstein chose to forgo a visit to the institution and sent instructions for Rupp to do the experiments on his own. "There were red flags from the start. In one instance Rupp appeared to have altered the mirrors in his interferometer the instrument he used to study interference just so into an arrangement that would obtain desired outcomes. In another instance when Einstein corrected the settings Rupp reported using for another instrument Rupp chalked the mistake up to a typo. There were other 'alarming discrepancies' in Rupp's calculations van Dongen writes and Einstein's letters show that he pushed back on several occasions. Each time Rupp responded with new results that perfectly explained the oddities Einstein questioned. "Initially Einstein expected to find that light was emitted instantaneously. But as the collaboration stretched on he began to expect the experiments would confirm the alternative the 'classical' theory. 'One of the reasons for his changing position likely was that that outcome had inadvertently already been corroborated by Rupp' van Dongen writes. "When Rupp furnished Einstein with a final set of results supporting the classical emission picture Einstein facilitated their publication in the proceedings of the Prussian Academy of Sciences. They were published back-to-back with a paper by Einstein explaining the theory behind the experiments in which Einstein cited Rupp's work. Einstein even helped Rupp draft his paper's abstract. "The association with Einstein rocketed Rupp to scientific prominence and in 1928 he accepted a position in the research labs of German electronics company AEG 'a kind of counterpart to General Electric' writes MIT physicist Anthony French in his 1999 retrospective of Rupp's case. "However scientists had begun voicing skepticism about Rupp's canal ray work. Among them were British spectroscopist Robert d'Escourt Atkinson who doubted Rupp's extraordinary coherence lengths and a researcher named Harald Straub who tried and failed to replicate Rupp's measurements in 1930. Rupp came down hard on Straub with a rebuttal sending photographs that supposedly showed his interference fields and forcefully defending his work in the same journal where Straub published his. Straub wrote that he had nothing else to add and the matter appeared settled. "But Rupp's reputation was bruised in the episode and his letters from the time indicate that his funding at AEG was drying up. He published work on electron scattering then took up experiments with positrons producing them by pounding lithium with protons. In a 1934 paper Rupp claimed to have accelerated protons at potential differences of 500 kV. This was impossible for him to have done - he simply did not have the requisite accelerator in his lab. "In December 1934 two of Rupp's fellow scientists at AEG brought the glaring problem to the attention of the institute's director who launched an investigation and subsequently fired Rupp. In January 1935 Rupp published the retraction statement appended to his doctor's note claiming he had no knowledge of or control over the fabrications. And later that year experimentalists Walther Gerlach and Eduard Rüchardt published 'On the Coherence Length of Light emitted by Canal Rays' which essentially confirmed that Rupp's early canal ray work was also erroneous. Amid this public humiliation Rupp experienced a nervous breakdown and spent time in a sanatorium. He never worked in physics again. "Einstein however escaped from the episode unscathed. Historians like van Dongen think his credulousness was an honest mistake underpinned by his desire to see his theories confirmed by experiments. Rupp's work and life are now a footnote but following his downfall it appears that German scientists mentioned his name often. According to French 'for a number of years afterward the word 'geruppt' became an epithet among German physicists to describe questionable work'" Jooss. This author's presentation offprint is of extreme rarity and must be distinguished from other so-called 'offprints' of papers from the Berlin Sitzungsberichte many of which are commonly available on the market. The celebrated bookseller Ernst Weil 1919-1981 in the introduction to his Einstein bibliography wrote: "I have often been asked about the number of those offprints. It seems to be certain that there were few before 1914. They were given only to the author and mostly 'Überreicht vom Verfasser' Presented by the Author is printed on the wrapper. Later on I have no doubt many more offprints were made and also sold as such especially by the Berlin Academy." If the term 'offprint' means as we believe it should a separate printing of a journal article given only to the author for distribution to colleagues then 'offprints' were not commercially available. Although there is certainly some truth in Weil's remark in our view it requires clarification and explanation. Until about 1916 most of Einstein's papers were published in Annalen der Physik; from 1916 until he left Germany for the United States in 1933 most were published in the Berlin Sitzungsberichte. The Sitzungsberichte differed from other journals in which Einstein published in that it made separate printings of its papers commercially available. These separate printings have 'Sonderabdruck' printed on the front wrapper the usual German term for offprint but they are not offprints according to our definition. They were available to anyone; indeed a price list of these 'trade offprints' is printed on the rear wrapper. True author's presentation offprints can be distinguished from these trade separates by the presence of 'Überreicht vom Verfasser' on the front wrapper. In the period 1916 to 1919 or 1920 the Sitzungsberichte trade separates are themselves rare. After 1919 or 1920 however the trade separates become much more common although the author's presentation offprints are still very rare. The reason for this change is that it was only in 1919 that Einstein became famous among the general public. It might seem obvious that Einstein's fame dates from 1905 his 'annus mirabilis' in which he published his epoch-making papers on special relativity and the light quantum. However these works did not make him immediately well known even in the physics community - many physicists did not understand or accept his work and it was two or three years before his genius was fully accepted even by his colleagues. Einstein did not secure an academic position until 1908. Among the general public Einstein became well known only in late 1919 following the success of Eddington's expedition to observe the bending of light by the Sun which confirmed Einstein's general theory of relativity. This was front-page news and made Einstein universally famous. See Chapter 16 'The suddenly famous Doctor Einstein' in Pais Subtle is the Lord for an account of these events. Before 1919 the trade separates of Einstein's papers would probably only have been purchased by professional physicists; after 1919 everyone wanted a memento of the famous Dr. Einstein whether or not they understood anything of theoretical physics and the trade separates of his papers were printed and sold in far greater numbers than before to meet the demand. It is telling that when these post-1919 trade separates appear on the market they are often in mint condition - they were never read simply because their owners were unable to understand them. BRL 160; Weil 153. Born 'Arnold Johannes Wilhelm Sommerfeld 1868-1951' Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society 8 1952 pp. 275-296. French 'The strange case of Emil Rupp' Physics in Perspective 1 1999 pp. 3-21. Joosse 'December 1934: Emil Rupp's research which fooled even Einstein is exposed as fraud' APS News Nov. 14 2023. Van Dongen 'Communicating the Heisenberg uncertainty relations: Niels Bohr complementarity and the Einstein-Rupp experiments' Scientia Danica. Series M Mathematica et physica 1: One Hundred Years of the Bohr Atom Proceedings 2015 pp. 310-343. 8vo 252 x 180 mm pp. 334-340; 341-351. Original printed wrappers portion of ink postmark stamp on lower cover just into text of publisher's advertisements light vertical crease for posting. Akademie der Wissenschaften unknown

SOPHIA RARE BOOKS · Danemark1 250,00 $US≈ 1 057,63 €

(Albert EINSTEIN) - VOUILLEMINBiblio.com

Introduction à la théorie d'Einstein

192210378Paris: Albin Michel 1922. Fine. Albin Michel Paris 1922 12 x 19 cm broché First edition of which there were no deluxe copies. Rare and handsome copy. Albin Michel unknown