R Heber NewtonBiblio.com
Foote, Eunice NewtonBiblio.com
Circumstances affecting the heat of the sun's rays' pp. 382-83 in: The American Journal of Science and Arts Second Series Vol. XXII - November 1856
1856323434New York: G.P. Putnam & Co 1856. Three engraved plates folding engraved map woodcut text figures. 8vo. Original printed wrappers untrimmed; some occasional light marginal foxing wrappers chipped at head and foot of spine. Three engraved plates folding engraved map woodcut text figures. 8vo. The first appearance of the discovery of greenhouse gasses as delivered on Foote's behalf before the American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS on August 23 1856 she was not a member although there were two women members by 1850 three years after its founding. Although in the early 19th Century Joseph Fourier suggested that the Earth's temperature was warmed by more than just the sun and Claude Pouillet suggested that water vapor and carbon dioxide must effect it it was Foote who provided the first experimental proof of the insulating effects of various gasses proving that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the air would increase the ground temperature.<br /> <br /> "Foote's paper demonstrated the interactions of the sun's rays on different gases through a series of experiments using an air pump four thermometers and two glass cylinders. First Foote placed two thermometers in each cylinder and using the air pump removed the air from one cylinder and condensed it in the other. Allowing both cylinders to reach the same temperature she then placed the cylinders with their thermometers in the sun to measure temperature variance once heated and under various states of moisture. She repeated this process with hydrogen common air and CO2 all heated after being exposed to the sun." McNeill<br /> <br /> Her work predates that of John Tyndall who presented a paper the relation between thermal radiation and various gasses in 1859 and that of Svante Arrhenius who quantified the effect of airborne carbon dioxide on the ground temperature of the Earth in his paper "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground" 1896 forty years after Foote.<br /> <br /> Eunice Newton Foote 1819-1888 was a scientist inventor and campaigner for the rights of women. She was a neighbor and friend of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and attended the 1848 Senaca Falls Convention the first women's right's convention where she and her husband signed the declaration of the legal rights of women and helped prepare the proceedings of the convention. Her scientific work was overlooked in preference to that of her male peers until more recently and the American Geophysical Union started a prize in her name in 2022 honoring discoveries in earth and life sciences. L. McNeill "This lady scientist defined the greenhouse effect but didn't get the credit because sexism" SmithsonianMag.com 5 December 2016; E. W. Reed American women in science before the Civil War 1992 2019 pages 64-68; R. P. Sorenson "Eunice Foote's pioneering research on CO2 and climate warming" Search and discovery American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa no. 70092 31 January 2011; J. Perlin "Science knows no gender: Eunice Foote the woman who in 1856 discovered the cause of global warming" symposium UC Santa Barbara 17 May 2018; Baum Sr. Rudy M. 2016. "Future Calculations: The first climate change believer". Distillations. 2 2: 38-39 2018 G.P. Putnam & Co unknown
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