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ANONYMOUS].MareMagnum

[MOUSOUL, QIRKUK, SANJAK OF DEIR AL-ZOR, BAGHDAD] Manuscript map on a tissue paper of Vilâyat of Baghdad, Zor [Deir Al-Zor], Mousul and Soleimaniyya.

FAHREDDIN PASHA, (Nickname: "The Lion of the Desert" and "The Tiger of the Desert" - The commander of the Ottoman Army and governor of Medina from 1916 to 1919), (1868-1948).MareMagnum

[MIDDLE EAST / ARABIA] Original photograph of Fahreddin Pasha in Medina.

Very Good Turkish, Ottoman (1500-1928) Original photograph showing Fahreddin Pasha in Medina city with Ottoman soldiers and Arabian notables congratulating each other's bairam. His injured left leg is cast into plaster. 9x14 cm. Fakhri Pasha or Fahreddin Pasha, known as Ömer Fahrettin Türkkan after the Surname Law of 1934, was a Turkish career officer, who was the commander of the Ottoman Army and governor of Medina from 1916 to 1919. He was nicknamed "The Lion of the Desert" and "The Tiger of the Desert" by the British and Arabs for his patriotism in Medina and is known for defending Medina in the Siege of Medina during World War I. In 1914 before the Ottoman Army was mobilized, Staff Colonel Fahreddin Bey was appointed the commander of the XII Corps stationed in Mosul. He was promoted to the rank of Mirliva on 12 November 1914 and appointed as the Deputy Commander of the Fourth Army stationed in Aleppo. During World War I, after Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, started preparing for a revolt against the Ottoman Empire, Fahreddin, upon the orders of Djemal Pasha on 23 May 1916 moved toward Medina in Hejaz to defend it; he was appointed the commander of the Hejaz Expeditionary Force on 17 July 1916. Medina was besieged by the Arab forces who revolted against the Ottoman Sultan and sided with the British against Fahreddin Pasha, but he stood his ground and defended the city. He also protected the single-track narrow-gauge Hejaz Railway from sabotage by the Hejazi army Turkish garrisons of the isolated small train stations withstood the continuous night attacks and secured the tracks against the increasing number of attacks (around 130 major attacks in 1917 and hundreds in 1918, including more than 300 bombs on April 30, 1918). With the withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from the war with the Armistice of Mudros between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I on 30 October 1918, it was expected that Fahreddin would also surrender. But he refused to do so and rejected the armistice. During the siege of Medina, Fahreddin sent the sacred artifacts and manuscripts of Medina to Istanbul in order to protect them from seizure. Most of the manuscripts were returned to Medina by the Ottoman Empire and are now in libraries in the city, while the rest remain in the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR208,62 €

Prep. by AZADE HUSEYNOVA, NAIDE ABBASOVA, EMINE MELIKOVA.MareMagnum

The Nobels and Baku oil: Dedicated to 130th anniversary of Nobel Brothers' activity in Azerbaijan, 1879-2009.= Nobeller ve Bakü petrolü: Nobel Kardeslerin Azerbaycan'daki faaliyetlerinin 130. yilina ithaf olunmustur.

Fine English Original bdg. Dust wrapper. In special box. Folio. (31 x 23 cm). In English and Turkish. 188 p., richly b/w and color ills. In collaboration with the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Dd created an exhibition "The Nobels and Baku Oil" that was displayed at the Baku Museum Centre. The exhibition was dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the Contract of the Century and the 130 years since the Nobel Brothers opened their business in Baku. It told the story of the Nobel Company's accomplishments in Azerbaijan from 1874 to 1920 and its role in the economic, technological and social development of the region. The Nobel brothers - Alfred, Ludvig and Robert - once had with Baku. In fact, when the Nobel Prizes were established more than a century ago (1901), roughly 12 percent of the prize money was drawn from Alfred's shares in the Nobel Brothers' Petroleum Company in Baku. The Petroleum Production Company Nobel Brothers, Limited, or Branobel ("Nobel Brothers" in Russian), was an oil company set up by Ludvig Nobel and Baron Peter von Bilderling. It operated mainly in Baku, Azerbaijan, but also in Cheleken, Turkmenistan. Originally established by Robert Nobel (who contributed 25,000 rubles) and the investments of barons Peter von Bilderling (300,000 rubles) and Standertskjöld (150,000 rubles) as a distillery in 1876, it became, during the late-19th century, one of the largest oil-companies in the world. The Nobel Brothers Petroleum Company was an oil-producing company that had its origins in a distillery, founded by Robert and Ludvig Nobel in Baku in 1876, which, in 1879, turned into a shareholding company headquartered in St. Petersburg. The share capital of three million rubles was divided as follows: 53,7% Ludwig Nobel, 31,0% Baron Peter von Bilderling, 4,7% I.J. Zabelskiv, 3,8% Alfred Nobel, 3,3% Robert Nobel, 1,7% au Baron Alexandre von Bilderling. Pipeline transport was pioneered near Baku by Vladimir Shukhov and the Branobel company in 1878-1880. On 10 April 1902, the company signed a contract for the purchase of oil fields in Romany, which were owned by the oil producer Isabey Hajinsky. On 17 October 1905, in accordance with the Committee of Ministers, the company purchased the oil fields owned by oil producer A. Adamov. The company's fixed capital in 1914-1917 was 30 million rubles. By 1916, it was the largest oil company in Russia, producing 76 million poods of oil. Between 1877 and 1901, the company drilled over 500 wells, produced 150 million barrels of oil, and employed 12,000 workers.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR208,62 €

BALZAC Charles-Louis & BERTHAULT (sculpsit)MareMagnum

DESCRIPTION DE L'EGYPTE. Alexandrie. Vue du pont de l'aqueduc sur le canal d'Alexandrie, Vue du débarquement de l'Armée française en Égypte à la tour dite du Marabou. (ETAT MODERNE, volume II, planche 99)

- Imprimerie Impériale, Paris 1809-1829, 53,5x71cm, une feuille. - Original, unshaved, full-page etching from the "Imperial edition" of the Description de l'Égypte, or 'Recueil des observations et recherches faites en Égypte pendant l'expédition française, publié par les ordres de Sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand [A Collection of the observations and research carried out in Egypt during the French expedition, published on the orders of his Majesty the Emperor Napoleon the Great]'. Produced between February 1802 and 1830 on the orders of Naopleon Bonaparte and published between 1809 and 1828, 1,000 copies were printed and distributed to institutions, on vergé paper with an 'Égypte ancienne et moderne' watermark, visible when held up to the light. Light marginal spotting not touching image, otherwise in very fresh, fine condition. An engraving from the Description de l'Egypte, one of the masterpieces of French printing and the birth of a new field: Egyptology. A gigantic survey of Egypt at the time of Bonaparte's conquests in 1798 and 1799, the work is divided into 13 volumes of engravings making up 892 plates, of which 72 colored, as well as presenting the splendors of the Egypt of the Pharaohs in 9 volumes. The other volumes discuss natural history and present a fascinating portrait of Coptic and Islamic Egypt as it was seen by Bonaparte's Eastern Armies. The 'Egyptian campaign', militarily a disaster, demonstrates, through the engravings of the Description d'Egypte, the scientific success it nonetheless became thanks to the 167 expert members of the Commission of the Sciences and Arts of the Institut d'Egypte [Egyptian Institute] who followed Napoleon's army. The Institut gathered together in Egypt the mathematician Monge, the chemist Berthollet, the naturalist Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire as well as numerous artists, engineers, architects and doctors. They were tasked with re-discovering modern and ancient Egypt and displaying its natural treasures as well as the know-how of its inhabitants. This edition, the so-called "Imperial" edition of the plates for the Description de l'Egypte was printed in four large formats, two of which were specially created for it and christened "Moyen-Egypte" and "Grand-Egypte". A special press was built to print it, the process extending over 20 years, from 1809 to 1829. The "Imperial" edition proved so popular that a second edition, this time in black and white and without the "Egypte ancienne et moderne" watermark - known as the "Royal Edition" - was published during the Restoration by the printing house of C.-L.-F. Panckoucke (Paris). The engravings of the Description d'Egypte owe a great deal to Baron Dominique-Vivant Denon, illustrator, diplomat, collector and later Director of the Musée Napoléon (the Louvre). His exploration of the South of Egypt gave Bonaparte the idea of sending the experts of the Institut there, thus creating a faithful and complete portrait of the area. This was the research gathered together from 1802 in the mammoth Description de L'Egypte. Denon embarked on this story of archeological exploration at the age of 51, reaching first Alexandria and then Cairo before exploring Upper Egypt. Along with the members of the Institut d'Egypte, the Natural History Museum's painter H.J. Redouté (brother of Pierre-Joseph Redouté, author of Roses), the mineralogist Dolomiue, and the draughtsman Joly, Denon then explored the Nile Delta and Lower Egypt. When, however, he joined the 21st Light Infantry Regiment as it marched across Upper Egypt in pursuit of the retreating Mameluks in November 1798, he found himself the only civilian. In the very midst of the battle itself, he reeled off sketches of the works of art that peppered his path right up to the threshold of the Sudan. He said that he had crossed "a country that is, apart from its name, entirely unknown to Europeans, and therefore everything was worth describing" (Voyages dans la Basse et la Haute Egypte pendant

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