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"NIETZSCHE, FRIEDRICH.MareMagnum

De Laertii Diogenis fontibus. I-VI. [Extract from: Rheinishes Museum für Philologie, Vol. XXIII + XXIV. Herausgegeben von F.G. Welcker und F. Ritschl]. - [NIETZSCHE'S FOURTH PUBLICATION]

MALI ILMIHAL: CATECHISM IN ALJAMIADO.MareMagnum

[ONGOING BOSNIAN ALJAMIADO CULTURE IN THE MODERN TIMES] Mâli ilm-i hâl. [= Mali ilmihal]. Ud merhûm Suleimana Murselâ. Sa uvudum u Arabije ud salha abdija te dudatkum perikladinug shetiva za ubradu ahlâka. Trece popravljeno izdanje Vakufskog ravnateljstva u Sarajevu.

Very Good Serbo-Croatian Paperback. Roy. 8vo. (23 x 15 cm). In Aljamiado (Serbo-Croatian in Arabic letters), Arabic, and Persian with an introduction in Arabic. The third revised edition of the Waqf Directorate in Sarajevo. 104 p., 4 unnumbered b/w plates. "Ilmihal" [i.e. Catechism] recommended to all who want to know and learn Islamic ceremonies and practice. Learn how to pray, what are basic principles of the Islamic faith, what are the Islamic duties, what are the Islamic holidays, what constitutes proper Islamic behavior, and lots more. This extremely rare catechism book printed in Sarajevo in Croatian with Arabic letters (Aljamiado). This book is one of the late examples of Aljamiado literature beginning in early Andalusia and constitutes one of the rarest examples of the Ottoman book tradition. Aljamiado or Aljamía texts are manuscripts that use the Arabic script for transcribing European languages, especially Romance languages such as Mozarabic, Portuguese, Spanish or Ladino, and Bosnian with its Arebica script. According to Anwar G. Chejne, Aljamiado or Aljamía is "a corruption of the Arabic word ?ajamiyah (in this case it means foreign language) and, generally, the Arabic expression ?ajam and its derivative 'Ajamiyah are applicable to peoples whose ancestry is not of Arabian origin". During the Arab conquest of Persia, the term became a racial pejorative. In linguistic terms, the Aljamía is the use of the Arabic alphabet to transcribe a Romance language. It was used by some people in some areas of Al-Andalus as an everyday communication vehicle, while Arabic was reserved as the language of science, high culture, and religion. The systematic writing of Romance-language texts in Arabic scripts appears to have begun in the fifteenth century, and the overwhelming majority of such texts that can be dated belong to the sixteenth century. A key aljamiado text was the mufti of Segovia's compilation Suma de los principales mandamientos y devediamentos de nuestra santa ley y sunna, of 1462. In later times, Moriscos were banned from using Arabic as a religious language and wrote in Spanish on Islamic subjects. Examples are the Coplas del alhichante de Puey Monzón, narrating a Hajj, or the Poema de Yuçuf on the Biblical Joseph (written in Aragonese). Aljamiado played a very important role in preserving Islam and the Arabic language in the life of the Moriscos. After the fall of the last Muslim kingdom on the Iberian peninsula, the Moriscos (Andalusian Muslims in Granada and other parts of what was once Al-Andalus) were forced to convert to Christianity or leave the peninsula. They were forced to adopt Christian customs and traditions and to attend church services on Sundays. Nevertheless, some of the Moriscos kept their Islamic belief and traditions secretly through the usage of Aljamiado. In 1567, Philip II of Spain issued a royal decree in Spain, which forced Moriscos to abandon using Arabic on all occasions, formal and informal, speaking and writing. Using Arabic in any sense of the word would be regarded as a crime. They were given three years to learn the language of the Christian Spanish, after which they would have to get rid of all Arabic written material. Moriscos translated all prayers and the sayings of their prophet Mohammed into Aljamiado transcriptions of the Spanish language while keeping all Qur'anic verses in the original Arabic. Aljamiado scrolls were circulated amongst the Moriscos. Historians came to know about Aljamiado literature only in the early nineteenth century. Some of the Aljamiado scrolls are kept in the Spanish National Library in Madrid. The word aljamiado is sometimes used for other non-Semitic languages written in Arabic letters. For example, Bosnian and Albanian texts written in Arabic script during the Ottoman period have been referred to as aljamiado. However, many linguists prefer to limit the term to Romance languages, instead of using Arebica to refer to the use of Arabic script for Slavic languages... Not in OCLC.

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR2 549,84 €

T[HOMAS] X[AVIER] BIANCHI, (1783-1864).MareMagnum

[FRENCH ORIENTALISM / EARLY LEXICOLOGY / EASTERN LANGUAGES] Dictionnaire Français-Turc [and] Dictionnaire Turc-Français. Des agents diplomatiques et consulaires, des commerçants, des navigateurs et autres voyageurs dans le levant.= Elsine-i Franseviye ve Türkîyyenin lûgati [and] Elsine-i Türkîyye ve Franseviyenin lûgati. (Vol. 1: A-F / Vol. 2: G-Z). 4 volumes set.

Very Good French Original handsome leather bindings. Demy 8vo. (22 x 14 cm). In French and Ottoman script. 4 volumes set: ([vi], [2], 784, 125 p., [vi], 1372 p.; [xxx], [2], 1097 p., [vi], 1320 p.). Slight foxing on pages, faded on boards, otherwise a very good set. Ex-libris of Izzet Gündag Kayaoglu. First edition of the complete set of this early dictionary from French to Turkish and from Turkish to French, published in Paris, in London Oriental Translations Committee Printer. Bianchi visited Istanbul at the beginning of the 19th century and prepared dictionary and phrasebooks in Turkish after he had returned to his country. One of his most significant works occurs to be this dictionary. What makes this dictionary noteworthy among other his works is the fact that Turkish words are written together in both Arabic and Latin characters. Turkish words with Arabic letters are written as to stereotyped pronunciation in the work. Therefore, they do not indicate the changes in the language. Bianchi reflects the pronunciation of writing in Turkish letters with Latin characters; and thus, the differences between spelling and pronunciation are highlighted. Thomas-Xavier de Bianchi (1783-1864), born in Paris on June 25, 1783, was the younger brother of the Austrian Field Marshal de Bianchi, Duke of Casalanza. He studied at the Central School of the department of Seine-et-Marne and followed, in Paris, oriental language courses at the College de France and at the Imperial Library under Sylvestre de Sacy. In 1807, he was appointed a pupil at the French school of young people of language in Constantinople, then directed by the scholar Ducaurroy and completed his improvement in Arabic, Persian and Turkish. Sent to Izmir in 1811, he was second there, and then the first dragoman of the Consulate General, and was noted for his dedication during the plague epidemic of 1812. In 1816, he was appointed assistant to the King's secretary-interpreters in Paris and was in charge to accompany the Persian envoy to Louis XVIII in 1819. In 1829, he was sent on a mission to the last day of Algiers, Hussein-pasha. The following year, France intervened in Algeria. He was appointed secretary-interpreter in the title and served as professor of Turkish at the School of Oriental Languages until 1842. After his retirement, he devoted himself to lexicographical and bibliographical work. He was an officer of the Legion of Honor, decorated with the Nichan-Iftikhar, as a member of the Imperial Academy of Constantinople. Tout exemplaire de ce Dictionnaire qui ne serait pas revetu de la signature de l'un des auteurs et editeurs sera repute contrefaçon, et poursuivi cmme tel, en vertu de la loi du 19 juillet 1793. [i.e. Any copy of this Dictionary which does not bear the signature of one of the authors and publishers will be deemed to be counterfeit, and prosecuted as such, under the law of July 19, 1793].

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR1 854,43 €

ALLACCI, LeoneMareMagnum

Leonis Allatii in antiquitatum Etruscarum fragmenta ab Inghiramio edita

In-4°, (4cc), 203pp, (5cc), vignetta calcografica al frontespizio, fregio e iniziale xilografica, legatura in piena pergamena rigida. Nel 1637 Inghirami pubblicò gli Etruscarum antiquitatum fragmenta, in cui annunciava la scoperta di importanti documenti, contenenti quasi tutta la storia del popolo etrusco e della sua civiltà, nel suo possedimento di Scornello, vicino a Volterra. L'opera suscitò un vastissimo scalpore in tutta Europa. Si trattava in realtà di un falso clamoroso, come venne quasi subito dimostrato. Inghirami difese la genuinità delle sue scoperte in un ampio Discorso (1645), ma il prefetto della Biblioteca apostolica vaticana Leone Allacci dimostrò in modo inconfutabile la falsità dei documenti nell'opuscolo polemico Animadversiones in antiquitatum etruscarum fragmenta. La scrittura nei testi etruschi andava nella direzione sbagliata, da sinistra a destra. Più importante - e più significativo - era il fatto che i testi latini erano scritti in minuscolo. Attingendo a umanisti precedenti, molti dei quali avevano discusso brevemente o di sfuggita l'argomento, Allacci insisteva sul fatto che i romani avevano sempre redatto i loro testi letterari in maiuscolo. Il breve schizzo della storia dell'antica scrittura latina redatto da Allacci fornì il modello per Mabillon, che lo citò nel suo De re diplomatica (1681). In-4°, (4cc), 203pp, (5cc), the title page with copper engraved vignette, wood engraved frieze and initial, full contemporary vellum binding. In 1637 Curzio Inghirami published the Etruscarum antiquitatum fragmenta, in which he announced the discovery of important documents, containing almost the entire history of the Etruscan people and their civilization, in his possession of Scornello, near Volterra. The work caused a huge turmoil throughout Europe. It was actually a sensational fake, as was almost immediately demonstrated. Inghirami defended the genuineness of his discoveries in an extensive Discorso (1645), but the prefect of the Vatican Apostolic Library Leone Allacci irrefutably demonstrated the falsity of the documents in the polemical pamphlet Animadversiones in antiquitatum etruscarum fragmenta. Writing in Etruscan texts went the wrong way, from left to right. More important - and more significant - was the fact that the Latin texts were written in lower case. Drawing on earlier humanists, many of whom had discussed the subject briefly or in passing, Allacci insisted that Romans had always written their literary texts in capital letters. Allacci's short sketch of the history of ancient Latin writing provided the model for Mabillon, who quoted it in his De re diplomatica (1681).

Libreria Antonio Pettini · Roma, IT1 800,00 €

ALEXANDER HANDJERI [or HANGERLI, HANDZERLI, HANDGERIU], (Dragoman of the Porte of the Ottoman Empire, and Prince of Moldavia between March 7 and July 24, 1807), (1768-1854).MareMagnum

[THE PRINCE OF MOLDOVIA'S EASTERN LANGUAGES LEXICON] Dictionnaire français-arabe, persan et turc, enrichi d'exemples en langue turque, avec des variantes, et beaucoup de mots d'arts et de sciences. Vol. 1: A-E. Vol. 2: F-O. Vol. 3: P-Z. 3 volumes set.

Very Good French Contemporary quarter leather bindings. 4to. (28 x 22 cm). In French, Arabic, Persian, and Ottoman script (Old Turkish with Arabic letters). 3 volumes set: (992 p.; 659 p.; 806 p.). Slight wear and fading on bindings and spines, stains on pages. Overall a good set. First and only edition of this early comprehensive dictionary between multiple Eastern languages of Arabic, Persian and Ottoman Turkish, and French. Handjeri (Hangerli) had begun work on the volumes as early as 1806, upon the request of Armand Charles Guilleminot (1774-1840), a French general during the Napoleonic wars, later ambassador to the Sublime Porte and awarded the Order of St. Anna. He completed the book in 1840 and dedicated it to the Russian Tsar Nicolas I, who had it published at the Russian Imperial press. In the preface of his work, Alexandre Handjeri states that he tried to enrich his dictionary with artistic and technical terms in order to be useful to the travelers and merchants as well as the poets and that his book has distinctive features from previous dictionaries such as Meninsky's dictionary. The book, which was sent to Istanbul for the review of the printing sample, was introduced in Takvîm-i Vekâyi [i.e. the first newspaper published in the Imperial Ottoman] before the first volume was published. Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid ordered 200 copies in his own name, and also sent a jewel-decorated box to Handjéri as a gift for his service to the Turkish language and culture when the work is published. Handjeri was born in Constantinople, received a thorough education, trained to speak several European languages, as well as Ottoman Turkish and Arabic, and prepared for a high-ranking position in the Danubian Principalities. In his twenties, he married a princess of the Callimachi family. Although coming into conflict with Ottoman officials on several occasions, Handjeri was promoted to the Dragoman of the Porte in 1805 and he maintained the office for the following two years until Sultan Selim III appointed him Prince of Moldavia in place of the deposed Alexander Mourousis. He was nevertheless prevented from reaching his court in Iashi by the Russian occupation of the country, and instead followed the Ottoman Army in their offensive. He was able to gain his throne after the Treaty of Bucharest and played a major part in re-establishing the country's administration. Upon the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence, Handjeri felt threatened by a possible Ottoman move against the Phanariotes. He was allegedly warned by the Russian ambassador to the Porte, Alexander Grigoriyevich Stroganov, that, as a prominent Greek in Istanbul, he risked being assassinated, and so he decided to flee the country. Handjeri and his family (including his two sons, Gregory and Telemach), embarked on a small ship and set sail across the Black Sea, dropping anchor at Odesa (where they were given asylum by Novorossiya's governor, Alexandre Langeron). Soon he moved to Moscow, where he was awarded honors by Emperor Nicolas I. His title was recognized by Russian nobility, and his two sons were appointed Counselors. (Source: Wikipedia).

Bookshop Khalkedon Books, IOBA, ESA · Istanbul, TR1 668,98 €

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