Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm,Biblio.com
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1995169141Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin 1995. 1st. paperback. New. 135x18x85. Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin paperback
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1982x-0521285399Cambridge Univ Pr 1982. Paperback. New. abridged edition. 312 pages. 8.50x5.50x1.00 inches. Cambridge Univ Pr paperback
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1682155395Leipzig: J. Grossium & J. F. Gleditschium typis Christophori Guntheri 1682-89. Leibniz's independent discovery of calculus Third edition of the first published work on the subject of calculus in the 1684 volume of the German scientific journal Acta eruditorum here included as part of a run of the first eight years of the journal in a uniform contemporary binding and unusual in commerce in such state. The journal was issued in monthly parts. Recent scholarship by Samuel V. Lemley has determined there were three editions of the October monthly part including Leibniz's paper. The first edition was printed in 1684 the second in 1686. This is the third edition incorporating Leibniz's revisions printed in 1692 or 1693. The plate accompanying the paper is in the first state. It is apparent that individual parts were reprinted to allow subscribers to fill out incomplete sets and that these reprintings were authorized rather than piracies. The paper just seven pages long "was the first attempt to set out the rules governing infinitesimal procedures. The rules are introduced geometrically translated into algebraic terms and then redescribed in terms of differentials. This enables Leibniz to provide basic rules of addition subtraction multiplication and division. Specifying rules for the manipulation of signs depending on whether the ordinates increase or decrease he moves to the behaviour of curves leading him to introduce second-order differentials and by these means he offers procedures for finding powers and taking roots. Nevertheless it should be said that the programme advocated in Nova methodus was obscurely formulated and the paper was so cautious in its presentation that it hardly mentioned infinitesimals at all. The programme was quickly developed by the Bernoullis and others however and the first textbook Guillaume de l'Hôpital's Analyse des infiniment petits 1696 written under the guidance of Johann Bernoulli is far more explicit" Clarke & Wilson p. 349. Through its adoption and elaboration by these and other contemporaries calculus was soon firmly established in western mathematics. Leibniz's paper famously preceded Newton's publication of his own discovery of calculus and the question of whether Leibniz plagiarized Newton's unpublished work caused a lengthy furore in the scientific world; it is now recognized that both men discovered calculus independently. "The infinitesimal calculus originated in the seventeenth century with the researches of Kepler Cavalieri Torricelli Fermat and Barrow but the two independent inventors of the subject as we understand it today were Newton and Leibniz. The subsequent controversy in the early part of the eighteenth century as to the priority of their discoveries - one of the most notorious disputes in the history of science - led to an unfortunate divorce of English from Continental mathematics that lasted until the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Although both Newton and Leibniz developed similar ideas Leibniz devised a superior symbolism and his notation is now an essential feature in all presentations of the subject" PMM. The Acta Eruditorum was established in 1682 in imitation of the Journal des Savans and ran till 1731. Published under the auspices of the Collegium Gellianum with support from the Duke of Saxony it covered a wide range of topics including medicine mathematics physics law history geography and theology. The journal soon became the most well-known German publication of its kind. Contributors included Boyle Leeuwenhoek Bernoulli Pascal Huygens Halley and Descartes alongside Leibniz. 8 vols quarto 207 x 152 mm. With 117 plates many folding. Bound without plate 14 in 1684 vol. and a few minor defects in other vols. Contemporary calf twin red and brown calf labels gilt in spine compartments effaced early shelf labels at foot of spines triple gilt rule to covers marbled endpapers red edges. Slight peripheral wear a few joints a little split at ends but all firm bindings in generally fresh condition browning to contents as usual a few folding plates cropped into neatline slight staining at edges of 1682 1683 and 1685 vols. A very good set. Dibner 109; Grolier/Horblit 66a; Norman 1326; Printing and the Mind of Man 160. Samuel V. Lemley "Printing Leibniz's Calculus: Dating and Numbering the Editions of the Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis" in The Library pp. 177-196 vol. 22 no. 2 2021; Desmond M. Clarke & Catherine Wilson The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy in Early Modern Europe 2013. unknown
20112-884526792XBompiani 2011. Hardcover. New. Italian language. 8.50x5.91x2.99 inches. Bompiani hardcover
