George BERKELEYBiblio.com
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174752088à Amsterdam: Chez Pierre Mortier 1747. Fine. Chez Pierre Mortier à Amsterdam 1747 10 x 17 cm relié First edition. The French edition was expanded with additions and corrections communicated by Berkeley to Bouillier before he began his translation. Title page in red and black. Contemporary brown speckled sheep binding. Raised-band spine richly decorated roulette at foot. Red morocco title-label. Headcap torn away. Tailcap worn. Joints cracked at head and foot. 2 wormholes on spine. Small nibbling to last leaf in upper margin on less than one cm. Fairly good copy. Tar water was a medicine used since the Middle Ages composed of pine or birch tar. Its use spread in 18th-century England. Berkeley describes for the first time its use in a wide variety of cases and wonders whether it might not be the universal panacea. He extrapolates as to its efficacy from a study of mind and soul of which ether would be the divine instrument and the thing that binds beings together. Tar water would be used in various forms until the end of the 19th century. Bergson particularly appreciated the philosophical qualities of the treatise. Chez Pierre Mortier unknown
173255973London: J. Tonson. Very Good. 1732. First Edition. Hardcover. Two volume set. Contemporary paneled calf rebacked with new labels repaired corners reinforced hinges new endsheets. Bookplates of Richard Clark Esq. Chamberlain of London. The Chamberlain of the City of London is an ancient office dating back to at least 1237 Wikipedia. . Volume 1 retains original front blank with Richard Clark's signature. Pp. 12 350; 8 358. Volume II also contains "An essay towards a new theory of vision first published in the year MDCCIX" with separate title page pp. 211-358. Engraved title-page vignettes. ; 8vo 8" - 9" tall . J. Tonson hardcover
1744158069London: For W. Innys and C. Hitch and C. Davis 1744. Second London edition first published in Dublin and London earlier the same year. The work was in his lifetime by far Berkeley's most popular book. Berkeley was interested in the therapeutic properties of an infusion of tar in water and the first part of the book is indeed on the subject but he then "passes by imperceptible stages from physical to metaphysical arguments until he is fairly launched upon a general discussion of Aristotelian and Platonic philosophy. The book is written with compelling lucidity and charm and is one of Berkeley's major works though his last substantial treatise. Siris was by far his most popular work by reason of its containing a supposed remedy for most human ills the efficacy and cheapness of which was so convincingly urged by the author confidence in it being strengthened by the fact that he had experimented first upon himself. Berkeley confessed that this work caused him more thought and research than any other he had ever been engaged in" Keynes p. 116 & vi. The popularity of the work led to a series of Dublin and London editions in quick succession. This edition includes the corrections made by the author to the second Dublin edition. Octavo 196 x 116 mm. Twentieth-century quarter calf spine lettered in gilt marbled sides. Light toning to contents with a couple of ink splashes; a very good copy. ESTC T9521; Keynes Bibliography of George Berkeley 67. unknown
1744AQ18715London: Re-printed For W. Innys and C. Hitch.and C. Davis 1744. 174pp 2. Recent sheep-backed marbled paper boards contrasting red morocco lettering-piece. Lightly rubbed spine sunned. Recent book-label of John Stephens to FEP inked ownership inscription of 'Danvers Osborm 1744' to head of title-page with very occasional annotations in his hand slight loss to upper corner of leaf O1. The revised edition of George Berkeley's 1685-1753 penultimate publication an exploration of the medicinal virtues of tar-water with instructions for its use. Berkeley considered tar-water to be a cure for a plethora of ailments ranging from fevers and apoplexies to cancers and scurvy. He cites Isaac Newton in regards to his study of the solubility of salts and acids. Sir Danvers Osborn 3rd Baronet 1715-1753 politician notable for serving the cause of the House of Stuart in the Jacobite rising of 1745 and for serving as colonial governor of New York Province in 1753. ESTC T9521. Second edition improved and correct by the author. 8vo. Re-printed For W. Innys, and C. Hitch...and C. Davis hardcover
17322329641London: Printed for J. Tonson in the Strand 1732. Second Edition. Full-Leather. Good/No Jacket. Second edition. Neatly rebacked with new gilt titles original boards and endsheets retained. Discolored 2 inch declivity on front board boards rubbed with corners exposed first volume lacks leaf A4 ink owner stamps on front endpapers William Harris Mar 1944 light stain to marginal edges of first gathering in volume two front and end matter lightly foxed rear free endpaper of first volume loosening. 1732 Full-Leather. 356; 351 pp. Alciphron is a Christian apologetic in answer to the 'minute philosophers' of Berkeley's day who sought to minimize the the dignity of man. Berkeley is known as an advocate of subjective idealism which he called immaterialism which states that objects do not exist unless they are perceived. "A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge 1710 is the classic exposition of his philosophy of immaterialism as an antidote to infidelity prefaced with an influential essay in the philosophy of language; part two was later lost in manuscript with other papers in Italy." - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Perhaps his most well-known work is Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous in which two characters representing himself and John Locke discuss various philosophical questions. Berkeley was a fellow at Trinity College and in the 1720s turned his attention to the project of opening St. Paul's College in Bermuda though skepticism about the chances of success in this endeavor caused the funding to come into question. "To prevent a threatening decline in private support Berkeley sailed for Newport Rhode Island with a small advance party on 6 September 1728; this included Smibert who painted several well-known portraits of Berkeley and of his party before settling for life in Boston. The journey was hazardous and protracted. They made an unscheduled landfall on the Virginia coast about the turn of the year and were officially received at Williamsburg before reaching Rhode Island on 23 January 1729. By the spring Berkeley had bought a farm of 96 acres at Middletown 'with two fine groves and winding rivulet upon it' Works 8.194 whose produce would support the college. He employed slaves and was apparently indifferent to the institution of slavery provided that it was humane seeing the moral need rather as one of conversion and baptism. He built a new house Whitehall which is now maintained as a historic site although the adjoining farmland has given way to urban development. Berkeley often preached at Newport Rhode Island in the winter and in remoter outposts in the summer. The strongest and longest friendship he established among New England churchmen was with Samuel Johnson 1696 - 1772 of Stratford Connecticut a refugee from Calvinism who later became first president of King's College New York later Columbia University and lent support to Berkeley's philosophy through his Elementa philosophica 1752 and other writings. Throughout his career Berkeley had little time for dissenters although he abhorred the use of violence against them. The religious tolerance characteristic of Rhode Island induced a degree of ecumenicism in his social practice that was not always maintained in the pulpit. Reports of growing infidelity in English society to which he was always liable to give credence were fuelled by the continuing bad faith of the government in failing to lodge the funds he considered legally his. This was a factor in his writing Alciphron a set of dialogues located notionally in England but drawing much of the landscape description from Rhode Island which was to sell well and stimulate controversy after his return. In this theist and immaterialist combine their defences against a medley of intellectual trends derived primarily but not exclusively from Locke Bernard Mandeville and the third earl of Shaftesbury that Berkeley regarded as obstructive to religion. The work includes Berkeley's second foray into moral philosophy." - Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Printed for J. Tonson in the Strand hardcover
1732WRCLIT35680London: Printed for J. Tonson 1732. 101-350;6358pp. Two volumes. Octavo. Contemporary calf. Engraved title vignettes. Ownership signature "J. Payne Jan. 24 1732/3" in each volume on front pastedown with authorship ascription in same hand in first as well as careful correction of the errata. Hinges cracked one board detached occasional light foxing otherwise a crisp large very nice set. First edition of Berkeley's attempt at the refutation of the current forms of free- thinking composed while he was resident in America and including some important observations relevant to that part of the world. The second volume also includes what is functionally the third edition of his ESSAY TOWARDS A NEW THEORY OF VISION first published in 1709. ROTHSCHILD 374. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 176n. ESTC T86056. Printed for J. Tonson unknown books
1789919P1London: C. Elliot; T. Kay; C. Elliot 1789. First edition. Leather. Very Good. 8.5" by 5.5". None. A very scarce volume of biographical pieces and edited correspondence by eminent historical figures the first edition of this work by George Monck Berkeley. The first edition of this very scarce work.The 'Literary Relics' of George Monck Berkeley an interesting selection of research and correspondence of royal figures edited and collected here into one volume.Berkeley's work contains his 'Inquiry into the Life of Dean Swift' a biographical work for which he is best known as well as an edited selection of letters from Kings Charles II and James II Elizabeth of Bohemia Jonathan Swift and more.George Monck Berkeley was a playwright an author who only published a few works before his death at the age of 29. Half-title is present.Bookplate of Edward Winnington to the front paste down. Winnington was a baronet and politician an MP Droitwich Worcestershire for almost thirty years. In a full marbled calf binding. Externally generally smart a little rubbed to the leather. Minor bumping to the extremities. A few light marks to the boards. Very small crack to the head of the front joint. Bookplate to the front paste down. Internally firmly bound. Pages are bright and clean with a few scattered spots. Very Good C. Elliot; T. Kay; C. Elliot hardcover
1746WRCLIT65696Dublin Printed London Re-printed: For W. Innys C. Hitch and M. Cooper . 1746. 1742; 45-88pp. Octavo. Modern half-calf and marbled boards. Faint blindstamp and ink shelf number the latter on verso of title of The Library of the Society for the Home Study of Holy Scripture and Church History first title leaf a trace foxed otherwise a very good copy. New i.e. Third London edition of the first title Keynes's variant A1b with "A Letter to T.P. ." on the verso of the title. This copy has p. 160 misnumbered '610'. The second title is also a "New Edition" i.e. the second London edition and exhibits Keynes's second corrected state of the title leaf: 'Holbourn'. Berkeley first noticed the use of tar-infused water during his residence in America and although cautious in his initial conclusions he soon became an advocate of its use as an economical aid for the betterment of the health of the Irish people. Although by no means wanting in exposition of Berkeley's larger philosophical considerations the practical aspects of SIRIS led to its being his most popular work and the investigation of tar-water generated a significant body of pamphlet literature in response well delineated by Keynes among which Prior's work is one of the most significant. ESTC cites Bowyer's ledger in reporting the edition of the first title consisted of 1000 copies and that of the second title 2000 copies. KEYNES BERKELEY 68 & 104. ESTC T45794 & T125698. For W. Innys, C. Hitch, and M. Cooper .. hardcover books
180025312Philadelphia: Way & Groff 1800. First edition. 34pp. 1 vols. 8vo. Disbound and resewn. Apart from some staining a very good copy. First edition. 34pp. 1 vols. 8vo. The author argues that the class of medicines commonly known as 'sedatives' are actually stimulants.<br /> He considers the likes of digitalis opium nitre and saccharum.<br /> <br /> Scarce: OCLC locates 5 copies. Evans 36942 Way & Groff unknown
180025312Philadelphia: Way & Groff 1800. First edition. 34pp. 1 vols. 8vo. Disbound and resewn. Apart from some staining a very good copy. First edition. 34pp. 1 vols. 8vo. The author argues that the class of medicines commonly known as 'sedatives' are actually stimulants.<br/>He considers the likes of digitalis opium nitre and saccharum.<br/><br/>Scarce: OCLC locates 5 copies. Evans 36942 Way & Groff unknown books
178919029Par Lady Elizabeth Berkeley, dite Lady Craven (1750-1828). Traduit de l'anglais, par M. Guedon de Berchère, Notaire à Londres. Enrichi par 1 carte de la Crimée et 6 belles planches dépliantes gravées sur vélin fort.Édition originale de la traduction française parue la même année que l'édition originale anglaise. Londres et Paris, chez Maradan, libraire - 1789 - 443 pp. + 5 pp. de catalogue du libraire.Reliure demi veau à coins de l'époque. Dos à nerfs orné d'un fleurons doré, avec titre en maroquin rouge. Début de fente aux extrémités des mors. Quelques rousseurs. Bon état. Format in-8°(20x13).
1750JC14358London: Printed for J. Whiston. R. Dodsley. and W. Russel. / W. Innys and C. Hitch. and C. Davis. / W. Innys C. Davis C. Hitch W. Bowyer. / M. Cooper 1750 et al see below. First Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. Contemporary calf handsomely rebacked with gilt-stamped lettering in red leather spine label in second compartment 5 raised bands; four works bound together in one volume 8vo; TIME 1750 First Edition pp. xxvii 1 130 2 ads; SIRIS 1747 London reprint of the Dublin edition pp. 174 1 contents; QUERIST 1750 First Edition pp. 4 83 1; MORALS 1751 First Edition pp. 30. Boards scratched and scuffed. Contemporary handwritten notes on FFEP listing the volume's contents; contermporary ownership signature on title-page of TIME and QUERIST; contemporary marginalia in QUERIST. Otherwise an excellent clean copy nice and tight text block just a bit tanned and brittle along the edges more pronounced on first and last few leaves. <br/><br/> Printed for J. Whiston... R. Dodsley... and W. Russel... / W. Innys, and C. Hitch... and C. Davis... / W. Innys, C. Davis, C. Hi hardcover
1750JC14358London: Printed for J. Whiston. R. Dodsley. and W. Russel. / W. Innys and C. Hitch. and C. Davis. / W. Innys C. Davis C. Hitch W. Bowyer. / M. Cooper 1750 et al see below. First Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. Contemporary calf handsomely rebacked with gilt-stamped lettering in red leather spine label in second compartment 5 raised bands; four works bound together in one volume 8vo; TIME 1750 First Edition pp. xxvii 1 130 2 ads; SIRIS 1747 London reprint of the Dublin edition pp. 174 1 contents; QUERIST 1750 First Edition pp. 4 83 1; MORALS 1751 First Edition pp. 30. Boards scratched and scuffed. Contemporary handwritten notes on FFEP listing the volume's contents; contermporary ownership signature on title-page of TIME and QUERIST; contemporary marginalia in QUERIST. Otherwise an excellent clean copy nice and tight text block just a bit tanned and brittle along the edges more pronounced on first and last few leaves. <br/><br/> Printed for J. Whiston... R. Dodsley... and W. Russel... / W. Innys, and C. Hitch... and C. Davis... / W. Innys, C. Davis, C. Hi hardcover books
173200008013London: J. Tonson 1732. Second edition. Hardcover. Near Fine. 2 vol. 8vo. 15 2-356 4; 9 2-351 3 pp. Recent half brown calf over marbled paper boards spine in six compartments with gold lettering and gold rules; brown topstain and red speckled fore-edge and bottom edge. Recent endpapers and pastedowns. Volume 1 missing the A4 blank the blank leaf called for between the errata and the contents has been excised otherwise both volumes collate complete. Keynes A17. A handsome set of two of Berkeley's principal works. Bindings are about Fine contents Very Good or better leaves very clean with occasional light wear Volume 1: bottom corner of L1 missing; Volume 2: the first three or so gatherings show minor loss at the front gutter. J. Tonson hardcover
178463146London:: Printed for G. Robinson 1784. old full calf one cover detached; others weak. One cover detached and other covers nearly so; some very very slight foxing; edges of boards rubbed and worn. Folio. Engraved frontispiece portrait. Printed for G. Robinson, hardcover
17841352898Dublin: John Exshaw 1784. Hardcover. Quartos two volumes; VG; Rebound in half-red leather with green cloth boards and gilt lettering and ruling to spines; Boards show minimal wear to corners and bottom edges; Text-blocks have moderate age-toning and light foxing to speckled edges light shelf-wear to bottom edges and occasional light foxing to the first several pages of Volume I; Both volumes bear the library stamp of the "Training College Library Avenue Southampton"; Volume I includes a frontispiece portrait of Berkeley and Volume II includes a fold-out map prefacing the title-page; Contents: Vol. I. 4 ci 646 pages; Vol. II. iv 663 pages.<br /> <br /> Oversized books. Additional postage necessary for expedited/international orders. Economy International shipping unavailable due to size/weight restrictions. For international/expedited customers please inquire for rates.; RW consignment. Shelved in Room X. 1352898. Special Collections - Downstairs. John Exshaw hardcover
17890033301789 Paris, Durand, Père & Fils, 1789. In-8 (129 X 205 mm) demi-veau fauve marbré à petits coins de vélin ivoire, dos lisse orné d'un double filet doré en place des nerfs, caissons dorés, titre doré, tranches mouchetées en rouge (reliure de l'époque) ; faux-titre, titre, carte dépliante, 306 pages, (1) f. de privilège, 6 planches dépliantes.
1752268<b>J. & </b><b>R. Tonson and S. Draper 1752. Title page iii-vi 2 9-268 all collated. Full calf. Spine with raised bands. Covers have gold frames. All joints and hinges slightly worn and/or cracked but covers holding well by strings. Some brown stains to edges of endpapers and first and last few leaves. The spine is darkened but a nice uncomplicated copy overall with a refreshed label. </b> J. & R. Tonson hardcover
1732BTETM0001889London: J. Tonson 1732. 2nd Edition. Hardcover. Very Good/No Jacket. Octavo Standard 8vo 6 נ9 in 152 נ229 mm . Please email for Photographs or further information. Very Good - Boards rubbed and bumped; text block and binding firm and strong. A lovely copy. Collation: pp. 707 Please see Photos as part of condition report. 1732 2nd Edition With Provenance ALCIPHRON Or The Minute Philosopher in Seven Dialogues By George Berkeley Author Bio: George Berkeley 12 March 1685 14 January 1753 known as Bishop Berkeley Bishop of Cloyne of the Anglican Church of Ireland was an Anglo-Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others. This theory denies the existence of material substance and instead contends that familiar objects like tables and chairs are ideas perceived by the mind and as a result cannot exist without being perceived. Berkeley is also known for his critique of abstraction an important premise in his argument for immaterialism. Synopsis: 1732 ALICIPHRON: OR THE MINUTE PHILOSOPHER in Seven Dialogues containing an Apology for the Christian Religion against those who are called free-thinkers Two volumes - complete set 356 pp & 351 pp - Title pages with engravings various ornamental engravings at end of chapters and end of volume. Printed for J. Tonson in the strand 1732 By George Berkeley Book plate for The Right Honourable The Earl of Portsmouth in FEP Earl of Portsmouth is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1743 for John Wallop 1st Viscount Lymington who had previously represented Hampshire in the House of Commons.Previous owner inscription on FEP. Format: Hardcover Octavo Standard 8vo 6 × 9 in 152 × 229 mm Note: Binding/size selection follows standard bibliographic conventions and is approximate; exact measurements may vary. Language: English Published By: J. Tonson London Condition Report: Dust Jacket: No Jacket Dust Jacket Condition: No Jacket Very Good - Boards rubbed and bumped; text block and binding firm and strong. A lovely copy. Collation: pp. 707 Please see Photos as part of condition report. SKU: BTETM0001889 Shipping Info: Approximate Package Dimensions H: 12.5 L: 30 W: 25 Units: cm W: 2Kg Tracked Shipping Insurance Coverage as per Customer Request J. Tonson hardcover
1725371588London: H. Woodfall 1725. 24pp. 8vo. Nineteenth century half red morocco and marbled boards minor wear. Numerical stamp on verso of title bookplate. 24pp. 8vo. Proposes the creation of a college in Bermuda for training young American Indians to serve as missionaries throughout the British colonies. First published the year prior. Scarce. ESTC T14337; Sabin 4878 H. Woodfall unknown
1784206029Dublin: John Exshaw 1784. Scattered light spotting and extraneous marks; corners of three pages in Vol. 1 torn off affecting only margins one repaired; near 19th-century marginal notes in pencil; small 1884 clipping mentioning Berkeley pasted into rear of Vol. 1; front board of Vol. 1 mostly detached but holding on by a cord; covers rubbed leather dry. Two vols. 4tos frontispiece 4 i-ci 1-646; iv 1-663; contemporary calf. A decent copy of this uncommon set. The second volume includes the folding plate illustrating an essay on plantation churches in Bermuda. Alongside John Locke Berkeley was the pre-eminent English-language philosopher of his era and among the most lucid writers of philosophical prose of any era. He spent significant time in the colonial "new world" and was intimately involved in establishing the Kings College in New York which became Columbia University. Additional postage required. John Exshaw unknown
1732000010926London: J. Tonson 1732. First edition. Hardcover. Very Good. 2 vol. 8vo. 13 2-350 2; 9 2-358 2 pp. Full sheep ca. 1800 with twin gold borders on each board spines in six compartments with later red and green morocco labels lettered and bordered in gold on each spine; all edges decoratively sprinkled. Bound with a later edition of Berkeley's Theory of Vision. Illustrated with two small woodcuts on the title pages and several wood-cut initials head and tailpieces. The Theory of Vision contains a few in-text diagrams. Contains one of the mispaginations in volume II but not the other. Honderich 89. Jessop 16a. Keynes 15. Mead 10. Written in colonial America Berkeley's Alciphron is a vigorous defense of Christianity against the atheists deists and skeptics of his day. It elicited several responses from other theologians and would help Berkeley shape his later views concerning philosophy of language. According to Honderich "Berkeley is a most striking and even unique phenomenon in the history of philosophy. There have been many philosophers who have constructed bold and sweeping . metaphysical systems . have been devoted to the clarification and defence of 'common sense' . some have made it their chief concern to defend religious faith and doctrine against their perceived enemies. It is the peculiar achievement of Berkeley that with high virtuosity and skill he contrived to present himself in all these roles at once" Honderich 89. The volumes rebacked in later sheep the reverse of the front flyleaf of volume one has a pre-20th century inscription citing a 1746 publication each title page has a pre-20th century name in its margin. J. Tonson hardcover
1752284380London: J. & R. Tonson 1752. First. hardcover. very good. 8vo contemporary calf with leather spine label. London: J. &. R. Tonson and S. Draper 1752. First Edition<br/><br/> The book contains 11 tracts each with a separate title page & date but only one continuous pagination. The subjects include Thoughts on Tar-water Proposal for converting the Savage Americans to Christianity by a College to be erected.in Bermuda Exhortation to the Roman Catholic Clergy of Ireland Discourse to Magistrates etc.<br/><br/> J. & R. Tonson unknown books
1732170650London: Printed by J. Tonson 1732. The idealist philosopher's most substantial work First edition of Berkeley's defence of traditional Anglicanism against the nascent secularism of the early Enlightenment: a major work of 18th-century Christian apologetics. Alciphron is a critical source for Berkeley's wider philosophy of language. Berkeley 1685-1753 defends the Theist position that the world is dependent on an interventionist God providing religious knowledge through miracles and divine revelation. Enlightenment thinkers increasingly argued that a non-interventionist deity had created the universe to operate autonomously on machine-like principles and laws. In such a scenario the miracles and revelations of an interventionist God were of little use as a source of religious knowledge which was possible only through rational reflection. In challenging these ideas Berkeley collectively represents their chief exponents Locke Mandeville and the third Earl of Shaftesbury as the conceited free thinkers Alciphron and Lysicles. Volume II includes a revised edition of Berkeley's An Essay towards a New Theory of Vision first published in 1709 with a new title page and continuous register. In the Advertisement Berkeley notes that his earlier work is included as an addendum to the fourth dialogue which concerns the function of the senses in deriving knowledge of God. 2 vols octavo 194 x 120 mm. Wood engraving to title pages of both vols. Contemporary panelled calf neatly rebacked and recornered spines ruled and lettered in gilt raised bands edges sprinkled red. 18th-century signature of "William McGuire" to title page of vol. II. Light rubbing cosmetic splits to inner hinges minor browning and foxing to endpapers and edges loss to upper outer corner of title page vol. I small hole in F8 vol. I: a very good copy. Jessop 121a; Keynes 15. hardcover
173235809London: J. Tonson 1732. First Edition. 8vo pp. xiv 350; viii 358. Tipped to the front blank is an engraved portrait of the author by Aveline. There is an ownership signature of "Twells" in the right margin of each title-page and the note: "Given by the author" in a contemporary although unknown hand along the top margin of the title-page in volume 1. Engraved scene on each title-page. Ex-Library copy with stamps on the bottom margin of the first two pages of text. Bound in modern calf backed boards. A very good clean set. Rothschild 374. Printing and the Mind of Man 176n. First edition of Berkeley"s attempt at the refutation of the current forms of free-thinking composed while he was resident in America and including some important observations relevant to that part of the world. The second volume also includes what is functionally the third edition of his ESSAY TOWARDS A NEW THEORY OF VISION first published in 1709. Praised by Adam Smith as "one of the finest examples of philosophical analysis that is to be found either in our ownor in any other language" the New theory of vision was accepted in France by Voltaire Condillac and Diderot Keynes pp. 7-8<br/> Bishop Berkeley was an influential Irish philosopher whose primary philosophical achievement is the advancement of what has come to be called subjective idealism summed up in his dictum "Esse est percipi" "To be is to be perceived". The theory states that individuals can only directly know sensations and ideas of objects not abstractions such as "matter J. Tonson unknown books
