62 résultats
1750JC14358London: Printed for J. Whiston. R. Dodsley. and W. Russel. / W. Innys and C. Hitch. and C. Davis. / W. Innys C. Davis C. Hitch W. Bowyer. / M. Cooper 1750 et al see below. First Edition. Hardcover. Very Good. Contemporary calf handsomely rebacked with gilt-stamped lettering in red leather spine label in second compartment 5 raised bands; four works bound together in one volume 8vo; TIME 1750 First Edition pp. xxvii 1 130 2 ads; SIRIS 1747 London reprint of the Dublin edition pp. 174 1 contents; QUERIST 1750 First Edition pp. 4 83 1; MORALS 1751 First Edition pp. 30. Boards scratched and scuffed. Contemporary handwritten notes on FFEP listing the volume's contents; contermporary ownership signature on title-page of TIME and QUERIST; contemporary marginalia in QUERIST. Otherwise an excellent clean copy nice and tight text block just a bit tanned and brittle along the edges more pronounced on first and last few leaves. <br/><br/> Printed for J. Whiston... R. Dodsley... and W. Russel... / W. Innys, and C. Hitch... and C. Davis... / W. Innys, C. Davis, C. Hi hardcover books
17449733London: C. Hitch 1744. First Edition . Full Leather. Fair/No Jacket. FIRST EDITION/LONDON PRINTING of this philosophical work by Berkeley here spelled Berkley DOES NOT FEATURE SIRIS IN TITLE PREDATES IT. Extremely rare scarce. Title page: "By the Right Rev. Dr. George Berkley lord Bishop of Cloyne and Author of The Minute Philosopher. "As we have opportunity let us do good unto all men. Gal. vi. 10. Hoc opus hoc studium parvi properemus et ampli. Hor." LONDON printed for C. Hitch in Pater-noster-row; and C. Davis against Gray's Inn Holboutn MDCCXLIV price two shillings. CONDITION: Front board is COMPLETELY MISSING. obvious shelf-wear for a book almost 300 years old all pages present a few pencil markings on title page back board/spine still bound in leather marbled back board. Formerly from Harvard library though with no library markings info paper included with book Please email for any information. <br/> <br/> C. Hitch hardcover
174527513Amsterdam Pierre Mortier 1745
174521126Amsterdam Pierre Mortier 1745 in-12 plein-veau reliure plein veau havane in-douze (binding full calfskin duodecimo) (17 x 10,6 cm), dos 5 nerfs (spine with raised bands), décoration "or" et à froid (gilt and blind stamping decoration), titre frappé "or", pièce de titre sur fond maroquin bordeaux avec filet "or" en encadrement, roulette "or" en place des nerfs et en tête et en pied, entre-nerfs à fleuron "or" dans un encadrement d'un filet "or" avec rinceaux aux angles, nerfs légèrement frottés avec dorure légèrement estompée sur 3 nerfs ( blurred gilding), roulette "or" sur les coupes, toutes tranches lisses jaspées rouges (red edges), texte à manchette (marginal note), sans illustrations, XXIV + 343 pages , 1745 à A Amsterdam Chez Pierre Mortier Editeur,
1745101753Amsterdam, Pierre Mortier, 1745, in-12, XXIV-343 pp, Basane marbrée havane, dos à nerfs orné de caissons dorés, tête rouge, Édition originale de ce traité. George Berkeley était évêque de Cloyne en Irlande. Entre autres vertus de cette "eau de goudron", l'auteur donne celle qu'il avait éprouvée lui-même contre la colique nerveuse. Minuscules épidermures, quelques rares taches et rousseurs, galeries de ver sans atteinte. Blake, 43. Wellcome, II, 149. Étiquette et tampons ex-libris de l'Institut catholique. Couverture rigide
174557164Amsterdam, Pierre Mortier 1745 In-12 10,5 x 17,5 cm. Reliure de l’époque pleine basane fauve marbrée, dos à 5 nerfs, caissons ornés de fers dorés, pièce de titre maroquin rouge, XXIV + 343 pp. L'eau de goudron, médicament du Moyen Âge, décrite par George Berkeley fut utilisée jusqu'au début du XXe s. Coiffes usées, coins usés, première charnière fendillé, épidermures sur les plats, intérieur jauni.
174752088Chez Pierre Mortier | à Amsterdam 1747 | 10 x 17 cm | relié
174511457AB1745. Amsterdam P. Mortier 1745. Kl.-8°. XXIV 343 S. Lederband der Zeit mit Rückenvergoldung und farbigem Rückenschild geringfügig bestoßen und berieben Gelenke mit minimalem Wurmfraß. Umlaufend roter Sprenkelschnitt. Erste Vakatseite und Schmutztitel verso mit kleiner Anhaftung am Unterrand. Titelei geringfügig lädiert am Kopfschnitt. Sonst äußerst schönes und nahezu fleckenfreies Exemplar. Blake 43; Wellcome II 149; Neu 423; Osler 1072: 'Perhaps the most remarkable work on Philosophy ever published as a chain of reflections was linked with a discussion on the virtues of tar-water.This french edition published in Amsterdam was 'quite unobtainable''Zitat des französ. Philosophen Henri Bergson. - Teer als Hausmittel lange angewandt kam als Teerwasser durch die Empfehlung des Bischofs Berkeley stark in Aufnahme s. Schelenz 590. Vgl. Ferchl 38 Poggendorff I 153 und DSB II 16. - George Berkeley 1685-1753 Bishop of Cloyne 'was a critic of the 17th- and 18th-century philosophical scientific mathematical moral political and theological ideas and an important link in the development of general philosophy between a period of Descartes and Locke and that of Hume and Kant.B.'s last major work Siris 1744 .begins as an investigation of the medicinal virtues of tar water and ends with a disquisition of Platonic philosophy' DSB; s. a. Ziegenfuß I 113 ff. unknown
174543324HB1745. Amsterdam P. Mortier 1745. Kl.-8°. XXIV 343 S. Lederband der Zeit mit Rücken- und Kantenvergoldung leicht bestoßen und berieben oberes Kapital mit kleiner Fehlstelle unterer Rücken mit montierter Bibl.-Sign. Umlaufender Rotschnitt. Schmutztitel und Titel beidseitig gestempelt oder mit handschriftlichen Anmerkungen. Sonst sehr schönes und nahezu fleckenfreies Exemplar. Blake 43; Wellcome II 149; Neu 423; Osler 1072: 'Perhaps the most remarkable work on Philosophy ever published as a chain of reflections was linked with a discussion on the virtues of tar-water.This french edition published in Amsterdam was 'quite unobtainable''Zitat des französ. Philosophen Henri Bergson. - Teer als Hausmittel lange angewandt kam als Teerwasser durch die Empfehlung des Bischofs Berkeley stark in Aufnahme s. Schelenz 590. Vgl. Ferchl 38 Poggendorff I 153 und DSB II 16. - George Berkeley 1685-1753 Bishop of Cloyne 'was a critic of the 17th- and 18th-century philosophical scientific mathematical moral political and theological ideas and an important link in the development of general philosophy between a period of Descartes and Locke and that of Hume and Kant.B.'s last major work Siris 1744 .begins as an investigation of the medicinal virtues of tar water and ends with a disquisition of Platonic philosophy' DSB; s. a. Ziegenfuß I 113 ff. unknown
174527379Amsterdam: Pierre Mortier 1745. perfect. Gut. XXIV 343 S. 1 Bl. Schmucklose Broschur der Zeit mit handschriftl. Rückenschild bestossen Bezug des Rückens mit Fehlstellen etwas angestaubt wenige Lagen mit Bräunungen und Wasserrand in einer Ecke teilweise nicht aufgeschnitten insgesamt aber ordentliches und breitrandiges Exemplar. Erste französische Übersetzung des Textes der zuerst 1744 in London unter dem Titel 'Siris a chain of philosophical reflexions and inquiries concerning the virtues of tar-water' erschienen war. Laut Vorwort des Übersetzers Boullier wurden für vorl. Ausgabe Ergänzungen und Korrekturen verwendet die er direkt von Berkeley aus dem Manuskript erhalten hatte. Eine vollständige deutsche Ausgabe erschien erst 1913. Berkeley 1684-1753 Theologe und als solcher seit 1734 Bischof von Cloyne Irland begründete von John Locke ausgehend 'den neueren erkenntnistheoretischen Idealismus als Immaterialismus' Eisler a.a.O. Er beeinflusste so unterschiedliche Denker wie David Hume John Stuart Mill und Ernst Mach. - Eisler Philosophen-Lexikon p. 60ff. - Ueberweg III 12. Aufl. 1924 p. 394 - Barbier IV Sp. 37 zur Identifizierung des Übersetzers. Wegen Urlaub kann Ihre Bestellung / Anfrage erst nach dem 21.06.2026 bearbeitet werden. - Because of holidays your order / question can be handled only after 06/21/2026. Pierre Mortier unknown
174844380Chez Henri-Albert Gosse & Comp. Good. 1748. Softcover. Good softcover. Taped spine. Heavily used but in good reading condition and intact. Text is in French. Translates to "Research on the Virtues of Tar Water." ; 4 1/2" x 6 3/4"; 331 pages . Chez Henri-Albert Gosse & Comp. paperback
174752088à Amsterdam: Chez Pierre Mortier 1747. Fine. Chez Pierre Mortier à Amsterdam 1747 10 x 17 cm relié First edition. The French edition was expanded with additions and corrections communicated by Berkeley to Bouillier before he began his translation. Title page in red and black. Contemporary brown speckled sheep binding. Raised-band spine richly decorated roulette at foot. Red morocco title-label. Headcap torn away. Tailcap worn. Joints cracked at head and foot. 2 wormholes on spine. Small nibbling to last leaf in upper margin on less than one cm. Fairly good copy. Tar water was a medicine used since the Middle Ages composed of pine or birch tar. Its use spread in 18th-century England. Berkeley describes for the first time its use in a wide variety of cases and wonders whether it might not be the universal panacea. He extrapolates as to its efficacy from a study of mind and soul of which ether would be the divine instrument and the thing that binds beings together. Tar water would be used in various forms until the end of the 19th century. Bergson particularly appreciated the philosophical qualities of the treatise. Chez Pierre Mortier unknown
1746WRCLIT65696Dublin Printed London Re-printed: For W. Innys C. Hitch and M. Cooper . 1746. 1742; 45-88pp. Octavo. Modern half-calf and marbled boards. Faint blindstamp and ink shelf number the latter on verso of title of The Library of the Society for the Home Study of Holy Scripture and Church History first title leaf a trace foxed otherwise a very good copy. New i.e. Third London edition of the first title Keynes's variant A1b with "A Letter to T.P. ." on the verso of the title. This copy has p. 160 misnumbered '610'. The second title is also a "New Edition" i.e. the second London edition and exhibits Keynes's second corrected state of the title leaf: 'Holbourn'. Berkeley first noticed the use of tar-infused water during his residence in America and although cautious in his initial conclusions he soon became an advocate of its use as an economical aid for the betterment of the health of the Irish people. Although by no means wanting in exposition of Berkeley's larger philosophical considerations the practical aspects of SIRIS led to its being his most popular work and the investigation of tar-water generated a significant body of pamphlet literature in response well delineated by Keynes among which Prior's work is one of the most significant. ESTC cites Bowyer's ledger in reporting the edition of the first title consisted of 1000 copies and that of the second title 2000 copies. KEYNES BERKELEY 68 & 104. ESTC T45794 & T125698. For W. Innys, C. Hitch, and M. Cooper .. hardcover books
1744158069London: For W. Innys and C. Hitch and C. Davis 1744. Second London edition first published in Dublin and London earlier the same year. The work was in his lifetime by far Berkeley's most popular book. Berkeley was interested in the therapeutic properties of an infusion of tar in water and the first part of the book is indeed on the subject but he then "passes by imperceptible stages from physical to metaphysical arguments until he is fairly launched upon a general discussion of Aristotelian and Platonic philosophy. The book is written with compelling lucidity and charm and is one of Berkeley's major works though his last substantial treatise. Siris was by far his most popular work by reason of its containing a supposed remedy for most human ills the efficacy and cheapness of which was so convincingly urged by the author confidence in it being strengthened by the fact that he had experimented first upon himself. Berkeley confessed that this work caused him more thought and research than any other he had ever been engaged in" Keynes p. 116 & vi. The popularity of the work led to a series of Dublin and London editions in quick succession. This edition includes the corrections made by the author to the second Dublin edition. Octavo 196 x 116 mm. Twentieth-century quarter calf spine lettered in gilt marbled sides. Light toning to contents with a couple of ink splashes; a very good copy. ESTC T9521; Keynes Bibliography of George Berkeley 67. unknown
1744AQ18715London: Re-printed For W. Innys and C. Hitch.and C. Davis 1744. 174pp 2. Recent sheep-backed marbled paper boards contrasting red morocco lettering-piece. Lightly rubbed spine sunned. Recent book-label of John Stephens to FEP inked ownership inscription of 'Danvers Osborm 1744' to head of title-page with very occasional annotations in his hand slight loss to upper corner of leaf O1. The revised edition of George Berkeley's 1685-1753 penultimate publication an exploration of the medicinal virtues of tar-water with instructions for its use. Berkeley considered tar-water to be a cure for a plethora of ailments ranging from fevers and apoplexies to cancers and scurvy. He cites Isaac Newton in regards to his study of the solubility of salts and acids. Sir Danvers Osborn 3rd Baronet 1715-1753 politician notable for serving the cause of the House of Stuart in the Jacobite rising of 1745 and for serving as colonial governor of New York Province in 1753. ESTC T9521. Second edition improved and correct by the author. 8vo. Re-printed For W. Innys, and C. Hitch...and C. Davis hardcover
1744elala486Dublin Printed London Reprinted: For W.Innys and C.Hitch and C.Davis 1744. 1744. 8vo. pp. 174 2. contemporary mottled calf rebacked corners worn several small library rubberstamps. Second London Edition of Berkeleys most popular work an exposition of the medicinal virtues of tar-water and instructions for its use. Berkeley regarded it as a cure for virtually every ailment including fevers cancers apoplexies small-pox and scurvy and he even set up an apparatus for manufacturing it himself. It was equally beneficial he maintained for cattle and was strongly recommended to improve and sharpen the general health and intellect of infants and young children. Blake 43. Jessop 21e. Keynes 67. Kress 4685. Bib. Osleriana 1071. Wellcome II 149. Dublin Printed, London Reprinted: For W.Innys, and C.Hitch, and C.Davis, 1744. unknown
174439792Dublin & London: W. Innys and C. Hitch 1744. 8vo. 174 2pp. 18th cent. calf rebacked corners worn endpapers renewed. Light toning. Bridgewater Library bookplate. New edition. W. Innys and C. Hitch unknown books
1744401896London: W. Innys and C. Hitch 1744. Second first London edition. Repairs to binding; title slightly soiled ink inscriptions in Greek on rear flyleaves a handsome copy/From the Collection of Allan B. Kirsner M.D. 8vo. 174 2 pp. Near-contemporary vellum-backed marbled boards. Berkeley's most popular work espousing the myriad uses of tar water to treat everything from fevers to cancers from infant to elderly and from human to animal. "The work begins as an investigation of the medicinal virtues of tar-water and ends with a disquisition on Platonic philosophy - a blend of science and metaphysics. While in America Berkeley experimented with tar-water for many ailments including dysentery rheumatism and asthma. The treatment proved so successful that he set up an apparatus for manufacturing it" Rootenberg. Blake 43; ESTC N12567; Keynes 64; Kress 4685; Wellcome II:149. <br/><br/> W. Innys and C. Hitch hardcover books
1747206028Dublin/London: W. Innys and C. Hitch in Pater-noster-row and C. Davis in Holbourn 1747. Wear to a small portion of the upper corners of the first fifty-four pages as if nibbled by a small rodent less offensive than it sounds; a short marginal tear and library stamp to title page; small neat marginal notations; small abrasion to the front endpaper; joints and edges rubbed. 8vo 174 2pp; later morocco and marbled boards. De-accessioned from the American Antiquarian Society with the AAS stamp on the title page and initials on the spine. Among Bishop Berkeley's last works this series of "reflexions" touts the medieval remedy of tar-water made from pine tar steeped in cold water for prevention of all manner of ailments from digestive disorders and kidney stones to scurvy distemper smallpox and other illnesses. W. Innys, and C. Hitch, in Pater-noster-row, and C. Davis in Holbourn unknown
1793M13879Edinburgh:: Adamus Neill 1793. 1793. 2 works in one. Small 4to. 6 52; viii 54 pp. Half-title errata. Original full gilt-stamped tree-calf dark red gilt-stamped spine labels. Very good. First work: INSCRIBED "Mr. William Berkeley from his Affectionate Friend Brother the Author." Dedicated to Nelson Berkeley. Berkeley born in Virginia educated at the University of Edinburgh submits his doctoral thesis on the human body. Both Berkeley and Minor following studied under William Robertson 1721-1793 FRSE FSA was Principal at the University a noted scholar of Scotland and its history. Second work: MINOR Charles Carolus. Disputatio medica inauguralis: de typho: quam annuente summo numine Ex Auctoritate Reverendi admodum Viri D. Gulielmi Robertson S.T.P. Academiae Edinburgenae Praefecti; necnon Amplissimi Senatus Academici consensu Et nobilissimae Facultatis Medicae decreto; pro gradu doctoris summisque in Medicina Honoribus ac Privilegiis rite et Legitime consequendis ; eruditorum examini subjicit Carolus Minor Virginiensis; Societ. Phys. Americ. Soc. Extraord. Necnon Societ. Reg. Phys. Soc. Hon. Ad diem 24. Junii hora locoque solitis. Edinburgi: Excudebat Adamus Neill cum sociis 1793. PARISH HISTORY NOTES 22: DR. CARTER BURWELL BERKELEY. Here is a brief account of the life of Carter Burwell Berkeley a devout and highly admired member of the Fork Church congregation during the early nineteenth century: He was born at Airwell Virginia on February 20 1768 and performed his early studies under the tutelage of a Mr. Bell an Irish scholar in a small log cabin near Offley Mill. His higher education was completed in 1793 with the receipt of a degree in medicine from the University of Edinburgh. / Dr. Berkeley returned to Virginia and practiced medicine from his old home until his marriage to Catherine Spotswood Carter. In the year of their wedding 1796 they built Edgewood which was to remain his residence and office well beyond her death. Each Sunday neighbors were invited to dine at Edgewood after church services and this event became a grand social and intellectual tradition along Ridge Road. / It was Dr. Berkeley's philosophy to practice faith and medicine together. One patient described waking late one night during a serious illness to find Dr. Berkeley kneeling by her bed and praying for her recovery. According to Brief Biographies of Virginia Physician by L. B. Anderson 1889 a patient was quoted as saying "We prefer Dr. Berkeley to anyone else because what he failed to accomplish by his medical skill he would secure by his prayers." / On Sunday morning November 3 1839 Dr. Berkeley was involved with his duties as chief warden when he was asked by two other doctors to visit a sick man as early as possible. "He was introduced into the room of the patient and seating himself by the bed gently grasped the wrist to feel the pulse. Not a word was uttered not a movement was made except to incline his head as was his custom during profound thought." In time the other doctors found that life has passed from the good doctor. "Thus like the faithful sentinel he fell with his armor on and in the exercise of the noble functions of his high calling." theforkchurch – Dr Carter Burwell Berkeley. Adamus Neill, 1793. unknown books
1786435266London : Harrison and Co 1786. 1st edition. Softcover. Poor copy unbound. Water stains and damage to the pages although text remains clear and legible. Pages browned creased and cracked with some loss. Physical Description; 103 pages 3 leaves of plates : illustrations. Subjects; Imaginary voyages. Utopias. Utopies. Voyages imaginaires. Voyages Imaginary. Utopian literature. London : Harrison and Co paperback
17346310London: printed for Jacob Tonson 1734. First edition. <p>Rare first edition first issue of Berkeley's renowned critique of Newton and Leibniz's calculus famously described by historian Florian Cajori as "the most spectacular event of the century in the history of British mathematics." Contemporaneously bound with Berkeley's influential Theory of Vision 1733 his Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics 1735 and five additional pamphlets.</p>. <p>BERKELEY'S FOUNDATIONAL CRITIQUE OF THE CALCULUS</p> . <p>First edition of Berkeley's famous attack on the calculus of Newton and Leibniz which the historian Florian Cajori described as "the most spectacular event of the century in the history of British mathematics" History of the Calculus p. 57 bound with Berkeley's important Theory of Vision 1733 and Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics 1735 and five further pamphlets. "The Analyst is a criticism of the calculus in both its Newtonian and Leibnizian formulations arguing that the foundations of the calculus are incoherent and the reasoning employed inconsistent. Berkeley's powerful objections provoked numerous responses and the task of replying to them set the agenda for much of British mathematics in the 1730s and 1740s" Jesseph p. 121. Perhaps the most famous passage in the book p. 59 and a vivid example of Berkeley's wit is his response to the idea that fluxions could be defined using ultimate ratios of vanishing quantities: 'It must indeed be acknowledged that Newton used Fluxions like the Scaffold of a building as things to be laid aside or got rid of as soon as finite Lines were found proportional to them. But then these finite Exponents are found by the help of Fluxions. Whatever therefore is got by such Exponents and Proportions is to be ascribed to Fluxions: which must therefore be previously understood. And what are these Fluxions The Velocities of evanescent Increments And what are these same evanescent Increments They are neither finite Quantities nor Quantities infinitely small nor yet nothing. May we not call them the Ghosts of departed Quantities' Modern historians have argued that the expression 'Ghosts of departed Quantities' was intended to address both Leibnizian infinitesimals and Newtonian fluxions. "Berkeley's attack on the calculus pointed out real deficiencies . his attack was also incisive witty and infuriating. Many mathematicians were moved to try to answer it. In fact several important eighteenth-century discussions of the foundations of the calculus can be traced back to Berkeley's attack. For instance Maclaurin's monumental two-volume A Treatise ofFluxions began as a reply to Berkeley. Berkeley's attack had a more lasting effect than simply stimulating an immediate set of replies; it served to keep the question of foundations alive and under discussion and it pointed to the questions which had to be answered if a successful foundation were to be given. D'Alembert and Lazare Carnot both used some of Berkeley's arguments in their own discussions of foundations and Lagrange took Berkeley's criticisms with the utmost seriousness" Grabiner p. 27. Despite these 18th century attempts calculus was not placed on a secure foundation until around 1820 with the work of Bolzano and Cauchy on the theory of limits. The 'Infidel Mathematician' in the title is thought to be Edmund Halley 1656-1742. "As a result of the publication of The Analyst there appeared within the next seven years some thirty pamphlets and articles which attempted to remedy the situation. The first appeared in 1734 a pamphlet by James Jurin Geometry No Friend to Infidelity . Berkeley answered Jurin in 1735 in A Defence of Freethinking in Mathematics bound in the offered volume and justly asserted that the latter was attempting to defend what he did not understand. In this work Berkeley again appealed to the divergence in Newton's views - as presented in De analysi the Principia and De quadratura - to show a lack of clarity in the ides of moments fluxions and limits . In the meantime however numerous attempts some noteworthy and others insignificant were made to find new and more satisfactory forms and arguments in which to present Newton's method. By far the ablest and most famous of these was made by Colin Maclaurin. In his Treatise of Fluxions in 1744 he aimed not to alter the conceptions invlolved in Newton's fluxions but to demonstrate the validity of his method by rigorous procedures of the ancients - to deduce the new analysis from a few 'unexceptional principles'. Maclaurin professed in the preface of this work that the Analyst controversy had given occasion to his treatise" Boyer. Berkeley's Theory of Vision 1733 also bound into this volume is a follow-up and defence of his earlier Essay towards a New Theory of Vision 1709 in which he had attacked Newton's cosmology. Keynes describes the 1733 as a work "of major importance". </p> <br /> <p>"Most mathematicians who dealt with calculus techniques in the early 18th century did not worry overmuch about foundational questions. Indeed it is significant that the first intensive discussion on the foundations of the calculus was not caused by difficulties encountered in working out or applying the new techniques but by the critique of an outsider on the pretence of mathematicians that their science is based on secure foundations and therefore attains truth. The outsider was Bishop George Berkeley 1685-1753 the famous philosopher and the target of his critique is made quite clear in the title of the present work. In sharp but captivating words he exposed the vagueness of infinitely small quantities evanescent increments and their ratios higher-order differentials and higher-order fluxions para. 4: 'Now as our Sense is strained and puzzled with the perception of Objects extremely minute even so the Imagination which Faculty derives from Sense is very much strained and puzzled to frame clear Ideas of the least Particles of time or the least Increments generated therein: and much more so to comprehend the Moments or those Increments of the flowing Quantities in statu nascenti in their very first origin or beginning to exist before they become finite Particles. And it seems still more difficult to conceive the abstracted Velocities of such nascent imperfect Entities. But the Velocities of the Velocities the second third fourth and fifth Velocities &c. exceed if I mistake not all Humane Understanding. The further the Mind analyseth and pursueth these fugitive Ideas the more it is lost and bewildered; the Objects at first fleeting and minute soon vanishing out of sight. Certainly in any Sense a second or third Fluxion seems an obscure Mystery. The incipient Celerity of an incipient Celerity the nascent Augment of a nascent Augment i.e. of a thing which hath no Magnitude: Take it in which light you please the clear Conception of it will if I mistake not be found impossible whether it be so or no I appeal to the trial of every thinking Reader. And if a second Fluxion be inconceivable what are we to think of third fourth fifth Fluxions and so onward without end'</p> <br /> <p>"Further on comes the most famous quote from The analyst: 'And what are these Fluxions The Velocities of evanescent Increments And what are these same evanescent IncrementsThey are neither finite Quantities nor Quantities infinitely small nor yet nothing. May we not call them the Ghosts of departed Quantities' para. 35. Berkeley also criticised the logical inconsistency of working with small increments which first are supposed unequal to zero in order to be able to divide by them and finally are considered to be equal to zero in order to get rid of them.</p> <br /> <p>"Of course Berkeley knew that the calculus notwithstanding the unclarities of its fundamental concepts led with great success to correct conclusions. He explained this success - which led mathematicians to believe in the certainty of their science - by a compensation of errors implicit in the application of the rules of the calculus. For instance if one determines a tangent one first supposes the characteristic triangle similar to the triangle of ordinate sub-tangent and tangent which involves an error because these triangles are only approximately similar. Subsequently one applies the rules of the calculus to find the ratio dy/dx which again involves an error as the rules are derived by discarding higher-order differentials. These two errors compensate each other and thus the mathematicians arrive 'though not at Science yet at Truth For Science it cannot be called when you proceed blind-fold and arrive at the Truth not knowing how or by what means' para. 22" Grattan-Guinness pp. 88-9.</p> <br /> <p>"Aside from calling the rigor and coherence of the Newtonian fluxional calculus into question Berkeley argued that there was no useful distinction between it and the Leibnizian calculus differentialis. This charge had a significant ad hominem effect in the context of Newtonians' claims for the superior rigor of their procedures in comparison with those of the Leibnizian school. After remarking that Newton's method is 'in effect the same with that used in the calculus differentialis' because it requires a 'marvellous sharpness of Discernment to be able to distinguish between evanescent Increments and infinitesimal Differences' Section 17 Berkeley echoes the Newtonian complaints against Leibnizian infinitesimal differences by arguing that the Leibnizians make 'no manner of scruple first to supposed and secondly to reject Quantities infinitely small: with what clearness in the Apprehension and justness in the reasoning any thinking man who is not prejudiced in favour of these things may easily discern' Section 18. The result is that Newtonian criticisms of the Leibnizian calculus are turned against the calculus of fluxions itself and the foundations of the calculus are rendered obscure and burdened with apparent self-contradiction" Jesseph p. 128.</p> <br /> <p>"Berkeley's publication of The analyst took up two themes that had long been of concern to him one mathematical and the other theological. Mathematically it continued the reservations about the foundations of the calculus that Berkeley had voiced in an early essay 'Of infinites' that he presented to the Dublin Philosophical Society in 1709 and reprised in arts. 130-132 of the Principles. Theologically The analyst was part of Berkeley's battle against freethinking and his principal argument intends to show that freethinkers who deride revealed religion for its mysteries cannot consistently accept the calculus since it contains suppositions at least as extravagant and incomprehensible as anything in revealed religion. This aspect of his criticism is indicated in the full title of The analyst which characterizes the work as A Discourse addressed to an infidel mathematician; wherein it is examined whether the object principles and inferences of the modern analysis are more distinctly conceived or more evidently deduced than religious mysteries and points of faith and attributes it to 'The Author of The minute philosopher'.</p> <br /> <p>"Whether the work was directed at a specific 'infidel mathematician' is somewhat uncertain although there is evidence that Berkeley intended it for Edmond Halley. According to Berkeley's 18th-century biographer Joseph Stock the London physician Samuel Garth had declined the last rites in his final illness on the grounds that 'my friend Dr. Halley who has dealt so much in demonstration has assured me that the doctrines of Christianity are incomprehensible and the religion itself an imposture'. According to Stock Berkeley 'therefore took arms against this redoubtable dealer in demonstration and addressed the Analyst to him with a view of shewing that Mysteries in Faith were unjustly objected to by mathematicians who admitted much greater Mysteries and even falsehoods in Science of which he endeavoured to prove that the doctrine of fluxions furnished an eminent example' Stock pp. 29-30. Whomever The analyst was intended to address immediately its broader audience was unmistakably those mathematicians who regarded the calculus as a rigorous and properly founded method that compared favorably with the mysterious tenets of revealed religion" Jesseph pp. 123-4.</p> <br /> <p>"As a result of the publication of The Analyst there appeared within the next seven years some thirty pamphlets and articles which attempted to remedy the situation. The first appeared in 1734 a pamphlet by James Jurin Geometry No Friend to Infidelity . Berkeley answered Jurin in 1735 in A Defence of Freethinking in Mathematics and justly asserted that the latter was attempting to defend what he did not understand. In this work Berkeley again appealed to the divergence in Newton's views - as presented in De analysi the Principia and De quadratura - to show a lack of clarity in the ides of moments fluxions and limits. Jurin's reply in the same year in The Minute Mathematician was again evasively tautological . Berkeley now dropped out of the controversy but the unsatisfactory nature of Jurin's arguments was pointed out by Benjamin Robins in A Discourse Concerning the Nature and certainty of Sir Isaac Newton's Methods of Fluxions and of Prime and Ultimate Ratios 1735 as well as in articles in current journals . numerous attempts some noteworthy and others insignificant were made to find new and more satisfactory forms and arguments in which to present Newton's method. By far the ablest and most famous of these was made by Colin Maclaurin. In his Treatise of Fluxions in 1742 he aimed not to alter the conceptions involved in Newton's fluxions but to demonstrate the validity of his method by rigorous procedures of the ancients - to deduce the new analysis from a few 'unexceptional principles'. Maclaurin professed in the preface of this work that the Analyst controversy had given occasion to his treatise" Boyer p. 228-33.</p> <br /> <p>According to Fraser The Works of George Berkeley III 1871 p. 257 the first edition of The Analyst was published in March 1734. Almost all copies including ours have the last two of the three instances of the word 'Science' in Query 36 p. 85 corrected by hand to 'Evidence'. That this is also the case in a presentation copy in the J. M. Keynes Collection King's College Cambridge leaves Keynes notes "no doubt as to Berkeley's intention"; this correction has been made in the version printed in the Works 1784. A second edition was published at Dublin later in the same year Keynes notes that Berkeley did not leave London for Ireland until April and that two of the three errata were corrected in the Dublin edition; it was advertised on 4 June in the Dublin Journal as "just published". The two texts are not identical; e.g. in para. 5 "of a plain an infinitely little plain" in the London text is corrected to "of a plane an infinitely little plane" in the Dublin text this is not noted in the errata to the first edition. Another edition was published at London in 1754.</p> <br /> <p>"A NewTheory of Vision 1709 reckoned by Brett's History of Psychology to have been 'the most significant contribution to psychology produced in the eighteenth century' being 'the first instance of clear isolation and purely relevant discussion of a psychological topic'. The main problem examined in this work is the factors that determine our ability to see things at a distance the assumption being that the sense of vision itself is incapable of doing so. Rather seeing distant objects requires the suggestions supplied by other senses especially that of touch as well as such other experiences as visual distortion caused by failure of eye accommodation. We do not 'judge' by means of quasi-optica1 calculation of the distance of objects the traditional account of Berkeley's predecessors; rather we let one group of sensations suggest another in virtue of experience and custom. Moreover from saying that all visual sensations 'seem to be in the eye' Berkeley moves to his basic contention later generalized in his Principles of Human Knowledge 1710 that visual ideas are in our minds. Given his general doctrine that the 'being' of things amounts to their being perceived i.e. being ideas in a mind the ultimate reference is to the divine mind he infers that external space is not basic but is 'only suggested' to us by visual ideas via tactile and other ideas" DSB.</p> <br /> <p>"Critics seized upon the inconsistency that Berkeley highlights by portraying objects of touch as outside the mind while objects of vision are within the mind. In at least nine sections of the New Theory Berkeley described tactile properties as if they correspond to real substance. Although these sections were written prior to Principles Berkeley likely understood later in life how these passages undermined the essence of immaterialism. Such incongruities came to haunt him in 1732 when he republished New Theory as an appendix to a theological work called Alciphron. Later that year an abrasive critique of the republished thesis appeared as an anonymous letter in a prominent newspaper the Daily Post-Boy. After reading the critique Berkeley decided to write a supplement to New Theory of Vision clarifying why it was consistent with the philosophy articulated in Principles and Three Dialogues. His rebuttal was published the following year and was titled An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision Vindicated and Explained. This 71-paragraph essay skirts the thorny issues of immaterialism by conceding that materialists and immaterialists cannot have an honest conversation about vision to begin with. Berkeley reaffirms the consistency of ideas as reality in New Theory by rejecting matter exists outside the mind but did so without proposing any new metaphysical argument" Margo & Harman p. 230.</p> <br /> <p>The five other pamphlets bound in this volume are: </p> <br /> <p>BERKELEY George. Siris: a chain of philosophical reflexions and inquiries concerning the virtues of tar water and divers other subjects. . A new edition with additions and emendations. London printed for W. Innys C. Hitch C. Davis 1744. </p> <br /> <p>PRIOR Thomas and George BERKELEY. An authentic narrative of the success of tar- water: In curing a great number and variety of distempers with remarks. And occasional papers relative to the subject. To which are subjoined two Letters from the author of Siris. Dublin printed by Margt. Rhames for R. Gunne 1746. </p> <br /> <p>BERKELEY George. A discourse addressed to magistrates and men in authority: occasioned by the enormous license and irreligion of the times. London J. Roberts 1738. </p> <br /> <p>LYTTELTON George Baron. The court secret: a melancholy truth. Now first translated from the original Arabic. By an adept in the oriental tongues. London T. Brown 1742. </p> <br /> <p>CAREY Henry. A learned dissertation on dumpling: its dignity antiquity and excellence. With a word upon pudding. And many other useful discoveries of great benefit to the publick. . To which are added A poetical receipt to make an oatmeal pudding by the late Mr. John Dryden. The art of making hasty pudding by the late Dr. William King. Apple-pye. A poem by Mr. Welsted. And an essay on good eating by an eminent hand. The sixth edition. London T. Read 1744. </p> <br /> <p>Analyst: Barchas 167; ESTC T21863; Richard Green 31; Stanitz 52A; Honeyman 287; Keynes 32. Theory of Vision: Keynes 4. Defence of Free-Thinking in Mathematics: Keynes 36. Keynes Bibliography of George Berkeley 138a; Richard Green 31; Sotheran I 347; Stanitz 52A; Wallis 245.42. Boyer The History of the Calculus and its Conceptual Development 1949; Cajori A History of the Conceptions of Limits and Fluxions 1919; Grattan-Guinness From the Calculus to Set Theory 1630-1910 1980; Grabiner The Origins of Cauchy's Rigorous Calculus 1981; Jesseph 'George Berkeley The Analyst 1734' pp. 121-30 in Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 Grattan-Guinness ed. 2005; Margo & Harman 'George Berkeley and the New Theory of Vision' Historia Ophthalmologica Internationbalis 2 2019 pp. 227-231. Stock An Account of the Life of George Berkeley 1776.</p> <br/> <br/> Eight works in one volume 200 x 125 mm. Theory of Vision: pp .64; Analyst: pp. x 3-94 2 errata; Defence of Freethinking: pp. 71 1 blank; Siris: pp. 174 2 table of contents; Authentic Narrative: pp. 4 248 2 corrigenda et addenda; A Discourse: pp. 32; Court Secret: pp. 24; Learned Dissertation: pp ii ii 3-33 1 blank. Eighteenth-century quarter calf marbled boards spine and sides lightly rubbed hinges cracked but holding firmly some wear at extremities. printed for Jacob Tonson unknown
17342390London: Tonson 1734. first edition. contemporary calf. Very Good. VERY RARE FIRST EDITION OF ONE OF THE MOST INFLUENTIAL WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CALCULUS. In 1731 Berkeley returned to England from the New World where he had spent years working to open a new college with the support of a royal charter. Despite having funds earmarked for the college no funds were ever released and he had grown tired of the whole affair - and of those who held the money he was meant to receive. Moreover "reports of growing infidelity in English society to which he was always liable to give credence were fueled by the continuing bad faith of the government in failing to lodge the funds he considered legally his." Stewart.<br /> <br /> Perhaps pushed by this diminishing opinion of the English gentry he revisited his earlier attacks on the secular 'freethinkers' and composed The Analyst "an acute and influential critique of the foundations of Newton's calculus." Downing. As Stewart explains "Berkeley considered the theory incoherent and a disservice to mathematics but one which if unchecked might reinforce prevailing views on the divisibility of matter and support infidelity."<br /> <br /> Within the criticism Berkeley raises careful arguments which often employ sophisticated philosophical distinctions. For example as Andersen explains "Berkeley acknowledged that mathematicians who applied Newton's method of fluxions or Leibniz's calculus ended up with valid results. However . he considered their calculations to be based on incorrect assumptions and to violate the rules of logic." As such he wished "to explain why this may come to pass and show how Error may bring forth Truth though it cannot bring forth Science." Berkeley.<br /> <br /> However between these arguments we find marvelously snide often comedic complaints about the whole approach. For example: "Now to conceive a Quantity infinitely small that is infinitely less than any sensible or imaginable Quantity or than any the least finite Magnitude is I confess above my Capacity. But to conceive a Part of such infinitely small Quantity that shall be still infinitely less than it and consequently though multiply'd infinitely shall never equal the minutest finite Quantity is I suspect an infinite Difficulty to any Man whatsoever". Berkeley.<br /> <br /> The concepts of the infinitesimal quantities of calculus haunted Berkeley and he returned to it repeatedly in his criticism most notably in his famous passage near the end of the book where he memorably referred to such infinitesimals as "ghosts of departed quantities". <br /> <br /> Note: This is the true first edition printed in London in 1734. A Dublin edition was also published in 1734 but appears to be a reprinting with some changes of the London first see Wilkins 2002. These were the only editions published in Berkeley's lifetime.<br /> <br /> References: Andersen K. 2011 "One of Berkeley's arguments on compensating errors in the calculus." Historica Mathematica 38. Cajori F. 1919 A History of Mathematics. 2nd ed. revised and enlarged. Macmillan 1919; Downing Lisa 2020 "George Berkeley" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Spring 2020 Edition Edward N. Zalta ed.; Stewart M. 2005. Berkeley George 1685-1753 Church of Ireland bishop of Cloyne and philosopher. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.; Wilkins D. 2002 edited version of The Analyst.<br /> <br /> London: J. Tonson 1734. Octavo contemporary full calf; custom box. Without errata leaf and final blank but with fragment of interesting binder's scrap showing ghost of part of the title page and partial blank bound in rear. With two manuscript corrections as usual on p. 85. Repairs to joints and spine; some spots of scattered foxing but text generally very clean. RARE. Tonson unknown books
1791015762London: Printed for John Stockdale Piccadilly. 1791. Hardcover. Very Good. Volume I only. Full leather with gilt title on spine; gilt ruled borders; dentelle. Spine scuffed; corners lightly worn. Starting crack to inner front hinge. Marbled endpapers. Armorial bookplate on front pastedown. Interior is clean with some occasional light foxing. pp. 2 3-271. A volume of letters by Anne Berkeley c. 1707-1786 wife of philosopher Bishop Berkeley George Berkeley addressed to Adam Gordon c. 1745-1817. The matter includes her arguments against the free-thinkers who here husband also attacked and references Shaftesbury Hume Voltaire Bolingbroke and Rousseau. In addition to addressing various theological and philosophical matters Anne largely waxes upon the importance of Christian education and morality. According to the Berkeley scholar Stefan Gordon Storrie Anne's correspondence here started around 1764 when Anne was approaching her sixties and Adam Gorden was still a young man. Volume I is divided into two parts: a the Preface by the editor Rev. Adam Gordon Rector of Hinxworth which is dated December 18 1790; and b 31 of the 41 letters by Anne Berkeley. For reference Volume II which is not offered included a the final ten letters by Anne b the ''Anniversary Addresses from a father to his son on his birthday'' by Adam Gordon and c ''Six letters to a Lady of Quality'' by the historian and Christian mystic Nathaniel Hooke. Printed for John Stockdale, Piccadilly. hardcover
174731752AB1747. First English Edition. London Printed for R.Dodsley 1747. Octavo. 72 pages. Modern cloth. The bookblock with signs of stitching to the inner margin possibly used to be part of a Sammelband. Last three leaves with paper-restoration and manuscript inscription to last page looks like a 18th century gift-inscription. With numerous manuscript - annotations in the tracts of George Berkeley namely in "A Word to the Wise" "Farther Thoughts on Tar-Water" "The Querist". From the library of Daniel Conner Manch House County Cork. Bound with: "Berkeley George Bishop of Coyne - "A Miscellany Containing Several Tracts on Various Subjects. By the Bishop of Cloyne. London Printed for J. and R. Tonson and S.Draper 1752. VI 267 1 pages. Title-page witme minor paper-restoration. This wonderful collection by the eminent ANglo-Irish Philosopher includes the following Pamphlets / Tracts as called for: 1. Farther Thoughts on Tar-Water 2. An Essay towards preventing the Ruin of Great-Britain 3. A Discourse addressed to Magistrates and Men in Authority. Occasioned by the enormous Licence and Irreligion of the Times. 4. A Word to the Wise - Or an Exhortation to the Roman Catholic Clergy of Ireland This section "A Word to the Wise" includes several interesting annotations: a. an underlining of the sentence: "Seeing you are obnoxious of the Law" with a comment "Oh! infamous" b. annotation: "the catholic clergy cannot be accused even by there greatest enemies of having been influenced by interested motives therefore this hint of his lordship was not of much avail" 5. A Letter to the Roman Catholics of the Diocese of Cloyne 6. Maxims concerning Patriotism 7. The Querist - Containing several Queries proposed to the Consideration of the Public 8. Verses on the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America 9. A Proposal for the better supplying of Churches in our Foreign Plantations and for converting the Savage Americans to Christianity by a College to be erected in the Summer Islands otherwise called The Isles of Bermuda 10. A Sermon preached before the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts; at their Anniversary Meeting in the Parish-Church of St.Mary-le-Bow in 1731 11. De Motu ; sive de motus principio & natura & de causa communicationis motuum ______________________________________________________________________________ hardcover