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178566958Paris: De k'Imprimerie Royale 1785. The First Large-Scale Attempt to Apply Mathematics to Knowledge of Human Phenomena"<br> <br> CONDORCET Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat Marquis de. Essai sur l'application de l'analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix. Paris: De l'Imprimerie Royale 1785.<br> <br> First edition. Quarto. 2 cxci 1 blank 304 pp. Decorative woodcut head- and tail-pieces.<br> <br> Contemporary French mottled calf spine decorated in gilt with five raised bands. Marbled endpapers all edges red. First and last few pages browned at edges . gathering K is browned a Q and 2G is toned. Otherwise very good and very scarce.<br> <br> "Condorcet's most significant and fruitful endeavor was in a field entirely new at the time. The subject was one that departed from the natural sciences and mathematics but nevertheless showed the way toward a scientific comprehension of human phenomena taking the empirical approach of natural science as its inspiration and employing mathematics as its tool. Condorcet called this new science 'social mathematics.' It was apparently intended to comprise.a statistical description of society a theory of political economy inspired by the Physiocrats and a combinatorial theory of intellectual processes. The great work on the voting process published in 1785 is related to the latter. Condorcet there sought to construct a scheme for an electoral body the purpose of which would be to determine the truth about a given subject by the process of voting and in which each elector would have the same chance of voicing the truth.No doubt the results obtained in the Essai d'application de l'analyse were modest ones. 'In almost all cases' Condorcet said 'the results are in conformity with what simple reason would have dictated; but it is so easy to obscure reason by sophistry and vain subtleties that I should feel rewarded if I had only founded a single useful truth on a mathematical demonstration' Essai p. ii. One must nevertheless recognize in this work.the first large-scale attempt to apply mathematics to knowledge of human phenomena" D.S.B.<br> <br> Brunet VI col. 472.<br> <br> HBS 66958.<br> <br> $7500. De k'Imprimerie Royale unknown
178486383Kehl Baden: Imprimerie de la Société Littéraire-Typographique 1784. Leather Bound. Very Good. L 8vo 7.75 - 9.75'' tall. Leather Bound. Condition: Very Good. Imprimerie de la Société Littéraire-Typographique Kehl Baden 1784. In French. Famous first posthumous collected edition of Voltaire's 1694-1778 works known as the 'Kehl Voltaire' produced by Beaumarchais who created a print foundry at Kehl to carry out this great work. Set contains 69 of the 70 Volume 8vo edition smaller 12mo 90 volume edition was also produced. Volume 23 Histoire de Charles XII missing. Volumes 10 and 27 printed 1784 summary volume 70 printed 1789 all other volumes printed 1785. Uniform 18th century calf full brown leather. Spines decorated in gold floral designs titles volume numbers within 6 boxed compartments. Boards have a natural brown mottled leather finish slanted gold lines on the narrow board edges. All page ends stained a very light yellow finely bespeckled with green. Green silk reading ribbons. Moderate wear of leather at spine tops light stress wear along exterior leather hinges some boards show minor leather loss at edges. All interior hinges firm untorn. Volume 20 upper rear board tip charred. Otherwise no volume damaged or repaired uniform light general wear. Only endpapers show browned bands along margins from pasted endpaper glue chemistry. Volumes 1 to 69 containing all the works and massive correspondences of Voltaire. Volume 70 contains Condorcet's Life of Voltaire and Condorcet's 'Memoires' of Voltaire index and 'Additions et Corrections' to the 70 volumes. Volume 1 frontispiece engraving of Voltaire by Moreau.; Volume 10 frontispiece engraving of Henry IV; Volume 16 frontispiece portrait of Voltaire; Volume 24 frontispiece engraving military map camp plan; Volume 31 14 engraved plates of scientific diagrams. Provenance: Each volume has the small ink stamp 'William H. Floyd Collection No.' on the rear of the title page. Floyd was a late 19th century American antiquarian collector. The numbering sequence 5098-5166 shows that volume 23 was missing even when cataloged by Floyd. Size: L 8vo 7.75 - 9.75'' tall. A major cultural event of the last decade of the ancien regime a beautiful monument to Voltaire the greatest man that literature had produced. Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais led a controversial life. Playwright The Marriage of Figaro politician publisher entrepreneur spy supplier of munitions for the American Revolution and an early champion of the rights of artists and intellectual property. Shortly after the death of Voltaire in 1778 Beaumarchais set out to publish Voltaire's complete works many of which were banned in France and vehemently condemned by the Church. Royal letters would be censored by Frederick II of Germany Catharine II of Russia and others. He bought the rights to most of Voltaire's many manuscripts from publisher Charles-Joseph Panckoucke in 1779. To evade censorship printing presses were set up in the small neutral independant state of Baden at Kehl. Beaumarchais bought with exclusivity the complete foundry of the famous English type designer John Baskerville for the Societe Litteraire Typographique an organization he established to produce editions in which he was interested. Three paper mills were purchased. Seventy volumes were published between 1783 to 1790. While the venture proved a financial failure Beaumarchais was instrumental in preserving many of Voltaire's later works which otherwise might have been lost. The Kehl edition was banned on French territory until 1789. Baskerville font was revived by Americans in the 20th century. Voltaire Kehl Condorcet Pierre Beaumarchais Charles-Joseph Panckoucke RBR4 RBR4 Imprimerie de la Société Littéraire-Typographique hardcover
1786126469London: no publisher 1786. From the library of Empress Joséphine True first edition of Condorcet's life of Turgot Gerits's Edition A; a superb copy from the library of Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais with her Bibliothèque de la Malmaison stamp on the title page and her initials to the spine. This work together with Dupont de Nemours's biography is the chief contemporary account of the renowned financial reformer and friend of the physiocrats. It contains in a footnote Condorcet's early attempt to apply mathematics to economics. On pp. 178-184 he discusses the various mathematical ways "in which indirect taxation could be replaced by direct taxation and the effects of such a change" Theocharis p. 65. Condorcet 1743-1794 secretary to the Académie and a prolific author was a strong supporter of Turgot who had attempted to implement physiocratic ideas as the French finance minister from 1774 to 1776. The present work seeks to vindicate Turgot's thought and work and is a powerful defence of Enlightenment economic ideas. "Contrary to what is suggested by the title this book was not a biography but rather an exposé of Turgot's educational political and economic ideas. In fact Stanley Jevons has called it one of the earliest works on 'économie pure'" Gerits. Seven editions of Condorcet's Vie de Monsieur Turgot appeared within two years making it one of the best-selling works of economics of its day. The first four editions all bear a London imprint dated 1786 though Gerits notes that it seems that all but Edition A were printed in France. Octavo 202 x 125 mm. Contemporary speckled quarter calf smooth spine ruled in gilt with red morocco label monogram "JB" gilt-tooled to penultimate compartment paste paper sides red silk bookmarker. Bibliothèque de la Malmaison stamp to title page. Spine ends and corners a touch worn a few light spots to title leaf scattered marginal pencil marks; a notably fresh and crisp copy beautifully bound. Einaudi 1217; Goldsmiths' 13128; Kress B.1032; Sraffa 1062 "first edition first issue". Anton Gerits "Condorcet's Vie de Monsieur Turgot" Harvard Library Bulletin 3 4 Winter 1992-93 pp. 35-37; Reghinos D. Theocharis Early Developments in Mathematical Economics 1961. unknown
