Californie

1942 · 83902 — San Francisco: State Association of California Architects Air Raid Protection Advisory Board 1942. Presumed First Edition First printing thus. Stapled at upper left corner Sheets printed on one side only. Good. 10 pages plus diagram sheets for domestic air raid shelters numbered 2 3 and 4 information on one side of sheet only. Tabular Data presented. The diagram sheets were dated January 6 7 and 8 1942. Rare surviving item of WWII Civil Defense ephemera. The Director of the Board was J. Francis War and Philip L. Soljak was the Board Secretary. These bulletins were issued for the information of architects engineers and official civilian defense organizations. The data given was believed to be correct as of the date. This bulletin is divided into the following parts: I. Bibliography; II Residential Air Raid Shelter Standards; III. a Indoor Shelters; III. b Outdoor Shelters; III. c Yard areas; and IV. Air Raid Protection News. This bulletin asserted that Civil Defense by C. W. Glover Third edition Chemical Publishing Company was the "Bible" of civil defense and gave the most complete information on all phases of civil defense. The second recommended source was Civil Air Defense by A. M. Prentiss published by McGraw-Hill. Other sources are presented including some British Ministry of Home Security pamphlets. Ernie Pyle is quoted on page 9 as stating: "If I lived in a wooden house and had a back yard I'd build me something approximating an Anderson shelter and fix it up with electric lights and an electric heater and a good system of drainage." Joseph Francisco Ward Architectborn 02-23-1898 died 06-25-1970. Born in New Zealand he lived and worked mostly in San Francisco where he was a partner in the architectural firm of Farr and Ward. Some of the firm's residential designs were the subject of articles in Architectural Digest during the 1920s 1930s and 1940s. He was a member of the American Institute of Architects AIA. Air raid shelters are structures for the protection of non-combatants as well as combatants against enemy attacks from the air. They are similar to bunkers in many regards although they are not designed to defend against ground attack but many have been used as defensive structures in such situations. Before WWII the U.K. had difficulty choosing the location of air raid shelters. During WWII many types of structures were used as air raid shelters such as cellars German Hochbunkers basements and underpasses. Bombing raids during WWI led the U.K. to build 80 specially adapted underground tube stations as shelters later abandoning them as viable options for citizens during air attacks. Londoners ignored the government and flooded into underground stations during 1940 bombing attacks. Bombs and accidents took civilian casualties at the underground stations. The U.K. began building street communal shelters as air raid shelters in 1940. Anderson shelters designed in 1938 and built to hold up to six people were also in common use in the U.K. Indoor shelters known as Morrison shelters were also in use. Air raid shelters are still in use to some extent in various nations such as Spain Switzerland Israel Singapore and Taiwan. State Association of California Architects, Air Raid Protection Advisory Board unknown