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Edited by Electricity Problem Study GroupBiblio.com

Electricity 3rd Class Calculation Exercise Series Volume 1 Calculation exercise for theoretical measurement of electricity <Japanese Version>

DUFAY (DU FAY), CHARLES FRANCOIS DE CISTERNAY - THE DISCOVERY OF POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CHARGE OF ELECTRICITYBiblio.com

Premier- Quatrième Mémoire sur L'Électricitè. 1. Histoire de L'Électricité. 2. Quels sont les Corps qui sont susceptibles d'Électricité. 3. Des Corps qui sont le plus vivement attirés par les matiéres électriques & de ceux qui sont les plus p.

173546590Paris L'Imprimerie Royale 1735. 4to. Without wrappers. Extracted from "Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences. Année 1733". Pp. 23-39 pp. 73-84 pp. 233-254 a. 1 engraved plate pp. 457-476. With titlepage to the volume 1733/1735. Margins of titlepage with a few brownspots. First appearance of these milestone papers in the histroy of electricity in which Dufay explains his discovery of two kinds of electricity and the relation between them attraction and repulsion shocks and sparking and the full recognition of electrostatic repulsion. He formulates the two-fluid theory of electricity. He further showed that "not all bodies can become electrified themselves" by friction and went on to show "that they can all acquire a considerable electrical virtue when the tube of rubbed glass wood metals or liquids are brought near them" provided only that they are insulated by beiing stood on "a support of glass or of sealing-wax".Dufay "TRANSFORMED A COLLECTION OF MISCELLANEOUS WEEDS INTO THE FIRST GARDEN OF EUROPE" Heilbron"Dufay's substantive discoveries - ACR the two electricities shocks and sparking - are but one aspect and perhaps not the most significant of his achievement. His insistence on the impiortence of the subject on the universal character of electricity on the necessity of organizing digesting and regulariizing known facts before grasping new ones all helped to introduce order and professionel standards into the study of electricity at precisely the moment when the accumulation of data began to require them. He foundthe subject a record of often capricious disconnected phenomena the domain of the polymaths textbook writers and prfesional lecturers and left a body of knowledge that invited and rewarded prolonged scrutinity from serious physicists." Heilbron "Electricity in the 17 & 18 Centuries" p. 260.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1734 P - Ronalds Library p. 145. - Not in Wheeler Gift Cat. unknown

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BRAUN, FERDINAND - THE INVENTION OF THE CATHODE-RAY INDICATOR TUBE - SEEING BY ELECTRICITYBiblio.com

Ueber ein Verfahren zur Demonstration und zum Studium des zeitlichen Verlaufes variabler Ströme; On a Method for the demonstration and study of currents varying with time.

189743448Leipzig Johann Ambrosius Barth 1897. No wrappers. In "Annalen der Physik und Chemie Neue Folge" Bd. 60 No 3. Pp. 401-576 textillustr. and 2 folded plates. the entire issue offered "Heft 3". Braun's paper: pp. 552-559 a. 6 textillustrations showing the Braun tube and its operations. Clean and fine. First printing of this groundbreaking paper being the first description of the principles governing the "BRAUN TUBE" which moves the elctron beams of alternating voltage the principle on which ALL TELEVISON TUBES operate. - Braun shared the Nobel Prize for 1909 with Marconi "in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"."Cold cathode tube with side anode annular diaphragm to control spot size and built-in fluorescent screen. Beam deflection by one external coil with the trace viewed indirectly in a rotating mirror or by two coils at right angles for direct viewing. Excitation by hand-drive influence machine friction generator or by an induction coil. This "indicator tube" which enabled Braun to demonstrate how a variety of periodic and transient electrical phenomena could be visually examined is the ancestor of electric oscilloscopes televison picture tubes and other electron-beam display devices." Shiers & Shiers "Early Televison. A Bibliography to 1940" No. 263."The first oscilloscope or Braun tube was introduced in 1897. In order to study high-frequency alternating currents Braun used the alternating voltageto move the electron beam within the cathode tube. The trace on the face of the cathode tube represented the amplitude and frequency of the alternating-current voltage. He then produced a graph of this trace by use of a rotating mirror. The Braun tube was a valuable laboratory instrument and modifications of it are a basic devise in electronic testing and research. The principle of the Braun tube moving a electron beam by means of alternating voltage is the principle on which all televison operate."DSB II pp. 427-428.In 1909 he shared the Nobel Prize for physics with Guglielmo Marconi for their development of wireless telegraphy. unknown

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APINUS (AEPINUS), FRANZ ULRICH THEODOSICUS - THE ANALOGY BETWEEN ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISMBiblio.com

Mémoire concernant quelques nouvelles Experiences électriques remarquables.

175846557Berlin Haude et Spener 1758. 4to. No wrappers as issued in "Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres" 1756 tome XII. Pp. 105-121. With titlepage to the volume printed in red/blac and with engraved titlevignette. Also having the parttitlepage. Titlepage with 2 small wormtracts. First appearance of a milestone paper in the history of electricity as Aepinus here found that a heated tourmaline attracted and repelled light bodies. He decided that the effect was electrical and that its ends was carrying charges of opposite sign much as soft iron is magnetized by a lodestone. This paper is a forerunner of his "Tentamen Theoriae electricitatis et magnetismi" - published 1759 and one of the most original and important books in the history of electricity. It is the first reasoned fruitful exposition of electrical phenomena based on action-at-a-distance."Aepinus’ first reseraches on the thermoelectric properties of this stone Tourmalin which was then of extreme rarity were fundamental. He recognized the electrical nature of the attractive power of a warmed tourmaline and attempted not altogether successfully to reduce its apparent capriciousness to rule. He was particularly struck by the formal similarity between the tourmaline and the magnet in regard to polarity which inspired him to reconsider the possibility then occasionally discussed that electricity and magnetism were basically analogous. This thought became the This thought became the theme for his masterwork Tentamen theoriae electricitatis et magnetismi 1759."DSB."Aepinus is known in the history of electricity for his attempt to develop the one fluid theory of Franklin. His theory was for a while generally adopted but was gradually displaced by the two fluid theory in consequence chiefly of the necessity of ascribing to uncharged matter repulsions of the same force as those which were ascribed to electrical charges. His theory exhibits interesting similarities to the present theory of the constitution of matter"Magie "A Source Book in Physics" pp.406-8.Ronalds p. 4. unknown

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