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"KEKULÉ, AUGUST - THE REVOLUTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.Livre Rare Book

Ueber die Constitution und die metamorphosen der chemischen Verbindungen und über die chemische Natur des Kohlenstoffs.

BERZELIUS, JONS JACOB - ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTENT WORKS IN THE HISTORY OF CHEMISTRY- GERMAN VERSIONBiblio.com

Versuch die bestimmten und einfachen Verhältnisse anzufinden nach welchen die Bestandtheile der unorganischen Natur mit einander verbunden sind. Erste Hälfte. Zweite Hälfte. Erste Fortsetzung des Versuchs die bestimmten. Zweite Fortse.

181143628Halle Rengerschen Buchhandlung 1811 1811 1812. Without wrappers as published in "Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert" Bd. 37 Drittes u. Viertes Stück Bd. 38 Sechtes Stück Bd. 40 Zweites u. Drittes Stück. The entire issues offered 5 issues. With titlepage to vol. 37 38 a. 40. Pp. 233-480 a. 3 engraved plates. pp. 121-236 a. 2 engraved plates. pp. 117-348 a. 1 engraved plate. Berzelius's papers: pp. 249-337 a. 415-472.- Pp. 161-226. - Pp. 162-208 a. 235-330. The papers represents one of the first announcements of Berzelius' discovery of the fixed chemical proportions determining the weights and valencies of the various constituent elements in inorganic compounds. The papers were published at the same time in German both here in Annalen and in Schweiger's Journal and in French. By running many hundreds of analysis of chemical compounds he gave so many examples of the law of definite proportions that the world of chemistry could no longer doubt its validity and in so doing he gave experimental evidence to the atomic theory. He hereby laid a solid fundation for the further development of chemistry.According to Söderbaum Jac. Berzelius 2 p.12 "It was a giant work one of the most importent in the history of chemistry which was here presented. One is even more impressed when one remembers that it was a pioneer undertaking in every sense of the term. Analytic and synthetic methods existed before Berzelius' time to be sure but there were no precise methods of the sort which he required. They all had to be elaborated at the cost of time and labour."J. Erik Jorpes "Jac. Berzelius" p.45."In general Berzelius's efforts were directed toward the consolidation and extension of the atomic theory. He improved chemical analysis and determined the composition of a large number of compounds thus verifying the laws of constant and multiple proportions and furnishing the most accurate equivalent weights then available. By ingenious methods he arrived at the correct atomic composition of most common substances and thus was enabled to draw up in 1826 a table of atomic weights very nearly identical with the modern one."Leicester & Klicktein "A Source Book in Chemistry" p. 258.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1810-20 C. unknown

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €

KEKULE, AUGUST - THE REVOLUTION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRYBiblio.com

Ueber die Constitution und die metamorphosen der chemischen Verbindungen und über die chemische Natur des Kohlenstoffs.

185848805Leipzig und Heidelberg C.F. Winter'sche Verlagshandlung 1858. 8vo. Later hcloth. Spine with gilt lettering. In: "Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. hrsg. von Friedrich Wöhler justus Liebig und hermann Kopp" Band CVI. With both titlepages. 8392 pp. a. 1 litographed plate shaved in outer margin ut not belonging to Kekule's paper. Entire volume offered. Kekule's paper: pp. 129-159. Internally clean. First appearance of this milestone paper in organic chemistry in which he demonstrated the mutual linking together of carbon atoms developed the idea of affinity units later called "valence bonds" and thus making it possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing large numbers of carbon atoms. This was "the final step in the development of modern structural formulas for organic compounds." Leicester & Klickstein p. 417"It was not till 1858 that a satisfactory theory of molecular constitution was advanced simultaneously and independently by thwo young chemists Friedrich August Kekulé and Archibald Scott Couper. The theory of molecular constitution put foreward.by Couper and Kekulé rested on two main postulates the quadriivalency of carbon.and the capacity of the carbon atom for mutual linking or combining together to form a carbon "chain". By this hypothesis of the mutual linking together of carbon atoms - which waslater confirmed by experiment - it was possible to explain the formation of organic compounds containing a large number of carbon atoms. On the foundation of their postulates two postulates moreover they showed how the molecular constitution or mutual linking together of the atoms of a compound could be represented diagrammatically and the relstions between different compounds made readily intelligible. In his classic paper "On a New Chemical Theory" the paper offered here in its first appearance advanced beyond Kekulé by representing the constitutions of the compounds by means of GRAPHIC FORMULA in which as at the present day the valencies pf the atoms are represented by lines.his formulae are similar to those at present in use."Findlay pp. 34 ff"The theory of Kekulé and Couper gave the chemists the means of solving the problems of chemical constitution; and by means of the graphic or constitutional formulae it became possible to represent the molecular constitution of known compounds and to foresee the possible existence of isomeric compounds."Findlay.Parkinson "Breakthroughs" 1858 C. - Ostwald's Klassiker No. 183. - Leicester & Klickstein "A Source Book in Chemistry" pp. 417-425. - Exhibition of First Editions of Epochal Achievements in the History of Science Berkeley 1934. No 57. hardcover

Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S · Danemark8 500,00 DKK≈ 1 141,55 €

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