Einstein

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Einstein, Albert, Edited By Paul Arthur Schilpp, Articles By Arnold Sommerfeld, Louis De Broglie, Ilse Rosenthal-Schneider, WolfBiblio.com

Einstein, A [Albert]; Grommer, J [Jakob]Biblio.com

Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie und Bewegungsgesetz. Offprint from Sitzungsbericht der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. THE PROBLEM OF MOTION IN GENERAL RELATIVITY. 6 January 1927 pp. 2-13

19271663Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wiss 1927. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OFFPRINT ISSUE IN ORIGINAL PAPER WRAPS VERY GOOD CONDITION. "Einstein and Grommer's work treats the particle as a singularity in the field and attemptss to obtain the equations of motion by imposing conditions on the exterior field in the neighborhood of the singularity" Stachel Einstein from ‘B' to'Z' pp. 507. Weil 155. In 1927 Einstein's research "concentrated on a new approach to the problem of the motion of particles in a general field theory" Mehra The Golden Age of Theoretical Physics 997. He presented his work conducted with Jakob Grommer in this report. Einstein and Grommer here show that ‘in the case of a pure gravitational field the mechanical behavior of singularities can be derived' a result which in Einstein's opinion ‘opened the possibility to obtain on the basis of the field equations a theory of matter characterized as discontinuities in space' ibid 997; Einstein and Grommer 1927. "After Einstein had tried for years to obtain a theory of material particles in a generalized field theory by describing these objects with the help of continuous functions Einstein and Grommer now proposed ‘to consider elementary particles as singular points or singular world lines respectively' motivated by the observation ‘that both the equations of the pure gravitational field and the equations augmented by Maxwell's electromagnetic field possess simple spherically-symmetric solutions which contain a singularity' ibid. Finally they arrived at the result: In the approximation of the gravitational field obtained by solving linearized equations the equation of motion for a singularity is completely determined - at least in the case of equilibrium - and corresponds to the law of a geodetic line" ibid. CONDITION & DETAILS: Berlin: Verlag der Akademie der Wiss. Pp. 2-13. Offprint in original wraps. 10 x 7.25 inches; 250 x 181mm. Toning at the edges & bearing the ownership stamp of "Friedrich Wilhelm Ritter" W. F. Ritter 1839-1929. Ritter had a large library. Very good condition. Verlag der Akademie der Wiss paperback

Atticus Rare Books · États-Unis200,00 $US≈ 169,22 €

Einstein, AlbertBiblio.com

Ather und Relativitatstheorie. Rede gehalten am 5 Mai 1920 an der Reichs Universitat zu Leiden

19201433Berlin: Julius Springer 1920. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS OF EINSTEIN'S LEIDEN LECTURE EXPLAINING AT LENGTH HIS THEORY OF THE ETHER ALONG WITH THOSE OF LORENTZ & MAXWELL. Very good condition. "Einstein's lecture at the University of Leiden on the occasion of his appointment as a visiting professor summarized his current views on the ether and retrospectively looked at the development of his opinions on the physical properties of space" Calaprice The Einstein Almanac 86. In this lecture Einstein recanted his earlier denial of the ether writing: "Recapitulating we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense therefore there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only would be no propagation of light but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time measuring-rods and clocks nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this ether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable media as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it" Einstein Ather 1920. In this lecture Einstein also sought "to reconcile his theory of relativity with his mentor's Lorentz's cherished concept of the aether. Einstein stressed that special relativity took away the last mechanical property of Lorentz's aether: immobility. However he continued that special relativity does not necessarily rule out the aether because the latter can be used to give physical reality to acceleration and rotation. This concept was fully elaborated within general relativity in which physical properties which are partially determined by matter are attributed to space but no substance or state of motion can be attributed to that "aether" aether = curved space-time" Wikipedia. CONDITION & DETAIL: Berlin Julius Springer 1920. Complete in original cream colored wrappers. 8vo. 22 x 15cm. 15pp. Slight toning. Very good condition. ITEM: Ather und Relativitätstheorie. Rede gehalten am 5. Mai 1920 an der Reichs-Universität zu Leiden. Julius Springer unknown

Atticus Rare Books · États-Unis140,00 $US≈ 118,45 €

EINSTEIN, AlbertBiblio.com

Autograph Letter Signed

192468960Berlin 1924. Berlin: 1924. Full Description: EINSTEIN Albert. Autograph Letter Signed. Berlin: 9. IX September 1924. Autograph letter signed "A. Einstein" to Mr. Zeisler. One quarto page 11 x 8 1/2 inches; 280 x 217 mm. Manuscript letter on recto verso blank. With one horizontal center crease and one vertical center crease as expected in a letter. A few other light creases. Some minor chipping along edges. A closed split along horizontal crease not affecting manuscript. Overall very good. This letter with text in German is addressed to "Herr Dr. Zeisler" Sigmund Zeisler an German-Jewish U.S. attorney born in Austria. He was known for his defense of radicals in Chicago in the 1880s also known as the Haymarket Affair. His wife was the famous concert pianist Fannie Bloomfield Zeisler. Some unproven sources have said that Zeisler was Einstein's lawyer but regardless it is known that he and Einstein were good friends and had much correspondence over the years. According to "The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein" published by Princeton University Einstein was in correspondence during the 1920s with Zeisler regarding various American investments. According to a letter from Zeisler to Einstein on October 15 1921 "Zeisler had invested $4300 in American shares on Einstein's behalf in October 1921. He subsequently informed Einstein of the accumulated interest." Einstein wrote another letter in April of 1924 asking Zeisler to transfer American investments to his daughter and soon to be son-in-law as a dowery. Zeisler was to ensure the interest was paid on an annual basis to his daughter. In this present letter just six months later Einstein is thanking Zeisler for doing "many good things" and stating that he looks forward to seeing him again in Berlin. Translated by an outside party: "9. IX. 24. Dear Dr Zeisler Many thanks for your friendly and clearly stateed letter. Of course I agree with the offer. I immediately wrote the letter. Since I don;t know the exact address I an sending you the letter and ask that you forward it. It pleases me that we shall see each other again in Berlin. You have done many good things for which I thank you. I know that you have done these things gladly since you are a good person. Regards to you your wife and to your sons. A. Einstein." HBS 68960. $7500. Berlin unknown

Heritage Book Shop, LLC · États-Unis7 500,00 $US≈ 6 345,75 €

EINSTEIN, AlbertBiblio.com

Autograph Manuscript in Pen

194069509n.p. 1940. n.p.: 1940. Full Description: EINSTEIN Albert. Autograph Manuscript in Pen. n.p. n.d ca: 1940. Autograph manuscript in German in Einstein's hand. Manuscript is on the "Unified Field Theory" and is a draft from his published article "A Generalization of the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation." One quarto page 11 x 8 1/2 inches; 280 x 217 mm. Manuscript in black ink on recto verso blank. With 31 lines of manuscript text in German including over 180 words and eleven equations. Because this is a working document there are numerous revisions on the page. He strikes through and makes additions in eight places. At the top right corner the page is numbered "6" in his hand. Leaf is very lightly toned but generally about fine. It is quite rare to find manuscripts of Einstein works that has been published. Housed in a full morocco clamshell. "A Generalization of the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation" was an article written by Einstein in German and translated into English for publication by his assistant E.G. Straus in approximately 1945. The article was long and so it was divided in two parts. The present leaf comes from Part II and the translated text is on pages 735-736 of the published article. "The published translation appears to follow this original manuscript very closely and without alteration. In this section of his paper Einstein is discussing the field equations for the Hamiltonian operator which plays a central role in the equations of motion for General Relativity and is defined in terms of the metric tensor and its conjugate momenta; and in this particular page of the paper Einstein is here considering the implications of embracing a stronger form of the field equations." University Archives During the course of World War II Einstein came to the conclusion that the General Theory of Relativity was the proper basis for the development of Unified Field Theory; and using this framework he explored the implications of using new and complex forms of number within Unified Field Theory. The publication of this article marked the beginning of Einstein's final approach to Unified Field Theory an approach which Einstein pursued until the end of his life. University Archives . HBS 69509. $45000. n.p. unknown

Heritage Book Shop, LLC · États-Unis45 000,00 $US≈ 38 074,50 €

EINSTEIN, ALBERTBiblio.com

Autograph Letter Signed ALS Denouncing Racial Segregation

19432376Princeton NJ: np 1943. First edition. nb. Fine. EINSTEIN OFFERS STRONG AND PRESCIENT WORDS OF ENCOURAGEMENT TO THE LEADER OF THE NAACP IN THE FIGHT AGAINST RACIAL SEGREGATION AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE UNITED STATES. Background: Einstein's fight against racial discrimination in the United States: The imperative "to protect the rights of the individual. was Einstein's most fundamental political tenet. Individualism and freedom were necessary for creative art and science to flourish. Personally politically and professionally he was repulsed by any restraints. "That is why he remained outspoken about racial discrimination in America. As a Jew who had grown up in Germany Einstein was acutely sensitive to such discrimination. 'The more I feel an American the more this situation pains me' he wrote in an essay called 'The Negro Question' for the January 1946 issue of Pageant magazine. 'I can escape the feeling of complicity in it only by speaking out.'" Isaacson Albert Einstein 505. Even more directly in his 1946 commencement speech to Lincoln University the first degree-granting Historically Black College and University HBCU in the United States Einstein strongly denounced segregation as "an American tradition which is uncritically handed down from one generation to the next" noting that "There is separation of colored people from white people in the United States. That separation is not a disease of colored people. It is a disease of white people. I do not intend to be quiet about it." This remarkable letter - from 1943 - is one of the earliest examples of his interest in condemning racism in the United States. The letter: Dated 22 September 1943 and handwritten on his embossed Mercer Street Princeton letterhead Einstein writes in English to Walter F. White the enormously influential African-American civil rights leader who led the NAACP from 1929-1955 praising him for his work and revealing his own awareness of and frustrations with racism and prejudice in America. The text reads in full: Dear Mr. White: I have been quite impressed by the address you delivered some years ago at a meeting of the Princeton Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. I know how hard it is to awaken the conscience even of good-hearted and well-meaning people when deep rooted prejudices are in the way. It is a great work indeed which you are doing relentlessly for the betterment of the living conditions of our Colored fellow-citizens for justice and for the accomplishment of national unity of the American people. With sincere respect and kind wishes Yours Albert Einstein ------------- On April 28 1940 White was the keynote speaker at "an inter-racial meeting sponsored by the Princeton branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People" where his topic was "What Happens to Democracy When It Encounters the Color Line." Princeton Herald April 26 1940. At the time Princeton did not admit African Americans and the community was debating the question of whether or not to end segregation at the university. Princeton in fact did not admit its first African-American student until the fall of 1947. Einstein - writing in 1943 - notes that he heard White speak "some years ago". Something clearly must have deeply impressed Einstein about White's speech for him to write this thoughtful letter to White over three years after the event. Note: In addition to its content this apparently unpublished letter is also remarkable for being one of the very few letters Einstein hand-wrote in English during this period as German was still very much his preferred tongue. Princeton: September 22 1943. One page on Einstein's embossed Mercer Street Princeton letterhead 7.25x10 in visible handsomely matted and framed with a photograph of Einstein. Fine condition. np

The Manhattan Rare Book Company · États-Unis85 000,00 $US≈ 71 918,50 €

Einstein

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