Einstein

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Einstein AlfredABAA

Mozart; His Character His Work

EINSTEIN ALBERT; TOLMAN RICHARD C.; PODOLSKY BORISABAA

Knowledge of Past and Future in Quantum Mechanics

19312331Lancaster: Physical Review 1931. First Edition. Original wrappers. Fine. FIRST EDITION FIRST PRINTING IN ORIGINAL WRAPPERS of Einstein's paper outlining a thought experiment to suggest that the uncertainty principle requires the acknowledgement of an indeterminate past. "To Heisenberg at the 1920's only the prediction of the future was important and the mathematical theory assisted him to calculate the probability of the end-state given the initial state: the description of the intermediate development of the system between two objectively recorded or recordable states did not seem to correspond to physical reality. "On the other hand Einstein as a critic of quantum physics did not admit Heisenberg's standpoint especially that the indeterminacy principle does not refer to the past. In the paper 'Knowledge of Past and Future in Quantum Mechanics' 1931 Einstein proposed an imaginary experiment in which 'the possibility of describing the past path of one particle would lead to predictions as to the future behavior of a second particle of a kind not allowed in the quantum mechanics.' So Einstein concluded that 'the principle of the quantum mechanics must involve an indeterminacy in the description of past events which is analogous to the indeterminacy in the prediction of future events.' "This should be understood in the context of Einstein's argument against the 'completeness' of quantum physics just in the same way that the purpose of the EPR argument 1935 was to show that the 'completeness' of quantum physics would lead to absurdity. In other words Einstein did not positively assert the existence of indeterminate past events but only intended to deduce it as the necessary conclusion of the 'completeness' of quantum physics. "The problem of the 'indeterminate' past re-appeared about fifty years later in J. A. Wheeler's discussion of the 'delayed-choice' experiment. This experiment is not an imaginary but an actual one which uses one particle say photon instead of two particles in Einstein's case. "After confirming the fact that what we can say of past events is decided by delayed choices made in the near past and now Wheeler discusses the possibility that the phenomena called into being by the present decision can reach backward in time even to the earliest days of the universe. He says: 'To use other language we are dealing with an elementary act of creation. It reaches into the present from billions of years in the past. It is wrong to think of the past as "already existing" in all detail. The "past" is theory. The past has no existence except as it is recorded in the present. By deciding what questions our quantum registering equipment shall put in the present we have an undeniable choice in what we have the right to say about the past.' "The interpretation of the indeterminacy principle will be altered if we accept the concept of the past indeterminacy. Heisenberg originally considered this principle as the limit of the exactitude of two incommensurable quantities at the simultaneous measurement. But the indeterminacy of past events which have not been recorded have a connection not with their simultaneous measurability but rather with the definability of their historic routes. That the definition of the past route or history of a particle depends on the present choice of an experimenter is the meaning of the 'indeterminate past'" Yutaka Tanaka "The 'Individuality of a Quantum Event". Weil 178. IN: Physical Review pp. 780-781 Vol. 37 No. 6 March 15 1931. Octavo original wrappers; custom box. Only slight wear to wrappers. A rare fine copy in original wrappers without any library stamps. Physical Review unknown books

The Manhattan Rare Book Company · États-Unis3 500,00 $US≈ 2 961,35 €

EINSTEIN ALBERTABAA

Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig Does The inertia of a body depend upon its energy-content

19052103Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth 1905. First edition. Contemporary morocco over marbled boards. Very Good. FIRST PRINTING of Albert Einstein's groundbreaking 1905 paper the introduction and derivation of the most famous equation in modern physics: E=mc2. "A few months after first publishing the theory of relativity Einstein discovered something that particularly intrigued him; the relation between inertial mass and energy. He wrote to Conrad Habicht during the summer of 1905: 'One more consequence of the paper on electrodynamics has also occurred to me. The principle of relativity in conjunction with Maxwell's equations requires that mass be a direct measure of the energy contained in a body; light carries mass with it. A noticeable decrease of mass should occur in the case of radium. The argument is amusing and seductive but for all I know the Lord might be laughing over it and leading me around by the nose'" Stachel Einstein's Miraculous Year. Einstein continued to work late into the summer on this "amusing and seductive" problem before proving the mass-energy relationship that would become known throughout the world as the simple and elegant E=mc2. Received by Annalen der Physik on September 27 Einstein's derivation and proof of his most famous equation was a dramatic contribution to his annus mirabilis of 1905. Weil 10. Note: In this paper and others until 1912 Einstein used the symbol "L" for energy in his equations and wrote the formula in the form: Mass= L/c2. In: Annalen der Physik Vierte Folge Volume 18 part 13 pages 639-41. Leipzig: Barth 1905. Octavo contemporary half-morocco over marbled boards. The whole volume 18 offered complete with volume halt-title title and contents. Some scuffing to spine of binding; text exceptionally fine. A rare copy in a contemporary binding with no institutional stamps. Johann Ambrosius Barth unknown books

The Manhattan Rare Book Company · États-Unis5 000,00 $US≈ 4 230,50 €

Born Max Albert EinsteinABAA

Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.

192478904London: Methuen & Company 1924. First edition of this classic account of Born's analysis and interpretation of Einstein's theory of relativity. Octavo original cloth frontispiece of Einstein. Signed by Max Born on the verso of the frontispiece. Translated by Henry L. Brose. Very good in a very good dust jacket. Housed in a custom half morocco clamshell box. First editions are uncommon signed examples rare. Einstein's Theory of Relativity is a book in which one great mind explains the work of another great mind in terms comprehensible to the layman is a significant achievement. This is such a book. Max Born was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1954 and was one of the world's great physicists: in this work he analyzes and interprets the theory of Einsteinian relativity. The result is undoubtedly the most lucid and insightful of all the books that have been written to explain the revolutionary theory that marked the end of the classical and the beginning of the modern era of physics. Born follows a quasi-historical method of presentation. The book begins with a review of the classical physics covering such topics as origins of space and time measurements geometric axioms Ptolemaic and Copernican astronomy concepts of equilibrium and force laws of motion inertia mass momentum and energy Newtonian world system absolute space and absolute time gravitation celestial mechanics centrifugal forces and absolute space laws of optics the corpuscular and undulatory theories speed of light wave theory Doppler effect convection of light by matter electrodynamics including magnetic induction electromagnetic theory of light electromagnetic ether electromagnetic laws of moving bodies electromagnetic mass and the contraction hypothesis. Born then takes up his exposition of Einstein's special and general theories of relativity discussing the concept of simultaneity kinematics Einstein's mechanics and dynamics relativity of arbitrary motions the principle of equivalence the geometry of curved surfaces and the space-time continuum among other topics. Born then points out some predictions of the theory of relativity and its implications for cosmology and indicates what is being sought in the unified field theory. This work steers a middle course between vague popularizations and complex scientific presentations. This is a careful discussion of principles stated in thoroughly acceptable scientific form yet in a manner that makes it possible for the reader who has no scientific training to understand it. Only high school algebra has been used in explaining the nature of classical physics and relativity and simple experiments and diagrams are used to illustrate each step. The layman and the beginning student in physics will find this an immensely valuable and usable introduction to relativity. Methuen & Company hardcover books

Raptis Rare Books · États-Unis11 500,00 $US≈ 9 730,15 €

Einstein

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