Nucleaire

2012 · 73678 — Washington DC: Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future 2012. Presumed First Edition First printing. Wraps. Good. xxi1 158 pages. Illustrations color. Maps. Endnotes. Cover creased and has slight wear and soiling. Members of the commission included: Lee Hamilton Brent Scowcroft Albert Carnesdale Pete Domenici Susan Eisenhower Chuck Hagel and Ernest Moniz. A Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future was appointed by President Obama to look into future options for existing and future nuclear waste following the ending of work on the incomplete Yucca Mountain Repository. At present there are 70 nuclear power plant sites where 65000 tons of spent fuel is stored in the USA. Each year more than 2000 tons are added to this total. Nine states have "explicit moratoria on new nuclear power until a storage solution emerges". A deep geological repository seems to be the favored approach to storing nuclear waste. On January 26 2012 the Commission submitted its final report to Energy Secretary Steven Chu. The Commission put forth seven recommendations for developing a comprehensive strategy to pursue. A major recommendation was that "the United States should undertake an integrated nuclear waste management program that leads to the timely development of one or more permanent deep geological facilities for the safe disposal of spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste". On January 26 2012 the Commission submitted its final report to Energy Secretary Steven Chu. In their final report the Commission put forth several recommendations for developing a comprehensive strategy to pursue. A major recommendation was that "the United States should undertake an integrated nuclear waste management program that leads to the timely development of one or more permanent deep geological facilities for the safe disposal of spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste". There is an "international consensus on the advisability of storing nuclear waste in deep underground repositories" but no country in the world has yet opened such a site. In their final report the Commission put forth seven recommendations for developing a comprehensive strategy to pursue: Recommendation #1--The United States should undertake an integrated nuclear waste management program that leads to the timely development of one or more permanent deep geological facilities for the safe disposal of spent fuel and high-level nuclear waste. Recommendation #2--A new single-purpose organization is needed to develop and implement a focused integrated program for the transportation storage and disposal of nuclear waste in the United States. Recommendation #3--Assured access to the balance in the Nuclear Waste Fund NWF and to the revenues generated by nuclear waste fee payments from utility ratepayers is absolutely essential and must be provided to the new nuclear waste management organization. Recommendation #4--A new approach is needed to site and develop nuclear waste facilities in the United States in the future. We believe that these processes are most likely to succeed if they are: · Adaptive-in the sense that process itself is flexible and produces decisions that are responsive to new information and new technical social or political developments. · Staged-in the sense that key decisions are revisited and modified as necessary along the way rather than being pre-determined in advance. · Consent-based-in the sense that affected communities have an opportunity to decide whether to accept facility siting decisions and retain significant local control. · Transparent-in the sense that all stakeholders have an opportunity to understand key decisions and engage in the process in a meaningful way. · Standards- and science-based-in the sense that the public can have confidence that all facilities meet rigorous objective and consistently-applied standards of safety and environmental protection. · Governed by partnership arrangements or legally-enforceable agreements with host states tribes and local communities. Recommendation #5--The current division of regulatory responsibilities for long-term repository performance between the NRC and the EPA is appropriate and should continue. The two agencies should develop new site-independent safety standards in a formally coordinated joint process that actively engages and solicits input from all the relevant constituencies. Recommendation #6--The roles responsibilities and authorities of local state and tribal governments with respect to facility siting and other aspects of nuclear waste disposal must be an element of the negotiation between the federal government and the other affected units of government in establishing a disposal facility. In addition to legally-binding agreements as discussed in Recommendation #4 all affected levels of government local state tribal etc. must have at a minimum a meaningful consultative role in all other important decisions. Additionally states and tribes should retain-or where appropriate be delegated-direct authority over aspects of regulation permitting and operations where oversight below the federal level can be exercised effectively and in a way that is helpful in protecting the interests and gaining the confidence of affected communities and citizens. Recommendation #7--The Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board NWTRB should be retained as a valuable source of independent technical advice and review. Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future paperback